Commit graph

1602 commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
adamdunkels fd4c0e64aa Removed old unused files rand.[ch]. By default, Contiki uses the libc implementations of the rand() and srand() functions. 2010-10-24 21:02:23 +00:00
nvt-se 00a000cca0 Print the rank correctly in the debug output. 2010-10-22 15:40:10 +00:00
nvt-se 86823a84fb Export fix-point representation of the ETX. Make RPL temporarily use the same representation as before. 2010-10-22 13:50:13 +00:00
joxe 804d23e9f4 made DIS Interval configurable 2010-10-22 13:13:40 +00:00
joxe e414c8c5a4 added function for retrieving link etx to neighbor 2010-10-22 11:34:24 +00:00
nvt-se 6e28b1d3fb Reduced ETX_LIMIT in order to avoid overflows. Removed ETX_LOSS_PENALTY and set packet_etx to ETX_LIMIT instead upon packet loss. 2010-10-21 19:46:21 +00:00
adamdunkels 9cb830ed37 Timing bugfix in the waiting period between channel samples to check if the coast is clear before sending a packet. 2010-10-20 22:25:24 +00:00
adamdunkels 06123fefe2 Defensive programming: make sure that a process is actually running before we try to kill it. 2010-10-20 22:24:46 +00:00
adamdunkels 3ffcff0656 Added mechanisms for explicit de-synchronization of synchronized neighbors. Added link-layer ACKs. Fixed bugs with MAC-layer interaction. Now seems to work somewhat (didn't work at all before, in some cases), but there are still problems with packet loss. 2010-10-20 15:23:43 +00:00
adamdunkels 5585d72c86 A simple but substantial change: uIP used the htons()/HTONS() macro
functions for converting between host and network byte order. These
names are the de facto standard names for this functionality because
of the original BSD TCP/IP implementation. But they cause problems for
uIP/Contiki: some platforms define these names themselves (Mac OS,
most notably), causing compilation problems for Contiki on those
platforms.

This commit changes all htons to uip_htons instead. Same goes for
htonl, ntohs, and ntohl. All-caps versions as well.
2010-10-19 18:29:03 +00:00
adamdunkels 34cba78ca8 Bugfix: bump advertisements only when a parent changes, not because of an upstream parent change 2010-10-19 07:34:29 +00:00
nifi e2b4956a7f Bug fix: release the packet and notify the sender if RDC returned an error 2010-10-14 19:08:39 +00:00
oliverschmidt 2f89e69ff7 Fixed build for platforms which use the default value for QUEUEBUF_NUM. 2010-10-12 19:51:28 +00:00
adamdunkels 020da4e8ba Added a function for obtaining beacon intervals 2010-10-11 23:44:24 +00:00
adamdunkels ec716ea62d Do not reduce transmission interval, unless explicitly told so with the bump flag 2010-10-11 23:43:01 +00:00
adamdunkels 37adf130b4 Rewrite of the congestion logic. A node now report it being congested
when half the transmission queue is full. When a neighbor is heard to
be congested, the rtmetric of that node is inflated to avoid sending
more traffic in its direction.

Fixed problems with beacon intervals: intervals are now not reduced
when a path gets significantly worse, only when they get better.
2010-10-11 23:42:01 +00:00
adamdunkels d821ba5e22 Added a lifetime for link estimates: if they are too old, they are
reset so that a new probing period can produce more up-to-date
estimates. Added a congestion mechanism whereby a neighbor can be
marked as being congested for a period of time, during which the ETX
for the neighbor will be artificially inflated.
2010-10-11 23:38:46 +00:00
adamdunkels 5eb4a0fe8d Rewrote the initial link estimate logic: link estimates are now
computed only over the actual samples, not over the entire
buffer. Also, the initial link estimate is much more conservative now
(16 transmissions) to favor links that have been probed, and which
therefore are likely to have better ETXs.
2010-10-11 23:34:02 +00:00
adamdunkels 0cabe483c3 Don't call sink recv function for zero-size packets, since these most likely are link estimate probes or keepalive packets. Explicitly set eseqno to zero when opening a new connection. 2010-10-07 15:52:28 +00:00
adamdunkels ad35c54473 Bugfix: when a node's rtmetric was lower than SIGNIFICANT_RTMETRIC_PARENT_CHANGE, its beacon timers would always be bumped to its lowest value 2010-10-05 20:06:47 +00:00
adamdunkels 52e9a6f1fb Turned the DRAW_TREE debug flag off by default 2010-10-04 22:36:47 +00:00
adamdunkels 65d640ac53 Several bugfixes to the proactive link estimate maintenance code, which is now enabled by default. Simplified DRAW_TREE code for drawing routing graph in Cooja. Added routing metric penalty to parents that are congested or that drop packets. 2010-10-04 20:27:50 +00:00
adamdunkels 212e73faa6 Removed old netsim code. Added a function for obtaining the packet attributes of a queuebuf packet. 2010-10-04 20:26:01 +00:00
joxe 4f3fc1c404 fixed xmac to use new channel check define name 2010-10-03 22:46:53 +00:00
adamdunkels ceebd7020a Bugfix: the return value sometimes was wrong when a collision was detected. 2010-10-03 20:39:24 +00:00
adamdunkels ae88ed04f1 Moved the definition of the channel check rate used by the radio duty
cycling layer. This definition was previously held in net/mac/mac.h,
with the name MAC_CONF_CHANNEL_CHECK_RATE. But since the rate is used
by the radio duty cycling layer, it makes more sense to change its
name to reflect this. Also, the configuration option should be tied to
the netstack configuration instead.

So the new configuration option is called
NETSTACK_CONF_RDC_CHANNEL_CHECK_RATE.
2010-10-03 20:37:32 +00:00
adamdunkels 40583fe112 Removed the polite announcement code, since it was not used, and enabled the broadcast announcement code by default. Increased the default intervals for broadcast announcements. 2010-10-03 20:10:22 +00:00
adamdunkels 605392522f Bugfixes and improvements: rtmetrics are now 16-bit clean. Added experimental feature that proactively probes neighbors that have not yet been tried out, in order to get an initial ETX for them. 2010-10-03 20:08:44 +00:00
adamdunkels d0579c8a81 Cleaned up the collect neighbor management code 2010-10-03 20:07:10 +00:00
adamdunkels b23a364397 rtmetric values should always be computed as 16-bit values 2010-10-03 20:06:25 +00:00
nvt-se 909569f834 Must check if load_file succeeded 2010-10-01 20:14:14 +00:00
adamdunkels 32ba90ea4c Bugfix: make sure that neighbor exists before attempting to update tx
count.
2010-09-28 06:53:02 +00:00
joxe 77c5187a2e fixed bug where context is null but still referenced 2010-09-23 19:57:50 +00:00
joxe 494d2a3073 only compare with global addresses when selecting source for a specific destination 2010-09-23 18:17:27 +00:00
nifi e242fb28bf Reverted radio API change in CC2420 (not yet fully integrated with Contiki core) 2010-09-23 08:26:06 +00:00
adamdunkels eed22a6f3c A number of changes to the collect code:
* Added an optional "keep alive" mechanism whereby an idle network is
periodically probed by dummy packets to maintain a recent quality
metric when there is no traffic.
* Bugfix in when new routing metrics should be advertised
* Rewrote the ACK logic so that a queuebuf is not allocated for each
ack, only for those acks generated by the sink node.
* Updated the wrap-around logic for sequence numbers: when a sequence
number wraps, it won't go back to 0. Instead, it wraps to 128. This
allows us to understand when a node has rebooted: when its seqno is <
128, it has recently rebooted.
2010-09-22 22:08:08 +00:00
adamdunkels 2cae71e89b Added a function for obtaining the link estimate and rtmetric for a neighbor 2010-09-22 22:04:55 +00:00
adamdunkels 46b2451969 Made the initial link estimate explicit 2010-09-22 22:03:21 +00:00
adamdunkels 40ee35e8c8 Rewrote all busy waits with a new macro, which has a built-in timeout to ensure that busy waits won't hang the CPU 2010-09-22 22:01:53 +00:00
joxe 1dc5366b15 fixed buggy comment 2010-09-21 13:15:25 +00:00
joxe f1d19a5f9a no callback to rpl if rpl is not used 2010-09-21 13:13:09 +00:00
joxe 63ab1ffce0 clear default route when neighbour is removed 2010-09-20 15:30:12 +00:00
nvt-se 58db04ee64 Set a high penalty for packet losses. 2010-09-15 15:59:52 +00:00
nvt-se 098f4001e0 Use fixed point arithmetic in the calculations of the ETX EWMA 2010-09-15 15:10:25 +00:00
nvt-se adf6961a85 Various bug fixes and adjustments for rpl-11 2010-09-15 13:22:22 +00:00
dak664 b9a9e7695d Add option to remove process name strings to save RAM 2010-09-14 18:55:04 +00:00
adamdunkels 18e31f33b9 Minor tweaks. Removed debug output from CVS. 2010-09-14 06:48:36 +00:00
nifi 095f700b63 Moved down inclusion of rtimer-arch.h to allow rtimer_clock_t to be used in rtimer-arch.h 2010-09-13 20:46:02 +00:00
adamdunkels eb58968459 Added a timer to each phase structure that keeps track of for how long
a particular receiver has not ACKed packets. After some time
(currently 16 seconds), the sender will begin sending full strobe
periods again.
2010-09-13 13:39:05 +00:00
adamdunkels 3ae774c91a Added a way to for specifying lists as parts of structs. These lists
must be initialized with a special LIST_STRUCT_INIT() call before
using.
2010-09-13 13:31:00 +00:00
adamdunkels 591766e663 Significant improvements to the Collect protocol:
* Loop detection and untangling. Now uses in-band loop detection that
  works.

* Link quality estimation. Now starts with a conservative /
  pessimistic estimate for new links.

* Retransmissions. MAC layer and network layer retransmissions are now
  decoupled.

* Loss handling. Deals better with losses now.

* Concurrent applications. Each connection now maintains its own
  neighbor table with separated cost to sink estimates for each
  connection.
2010-09-13 13:28:14 +00:00
oliverschmidt a0b8927777 Allow to exit the process owning the foreground window by pressing ctrl-c. This is especially useful if there's no closebutton on the window frames (or no windows at all). 2010-09-09 20:21:26 +00:00
adamdunkels 4e0744954a Rewrite of important parts of the Collect logic: link estimation
calculation and parent selection.  This fixes a severe bug that caused
loops when packets were erroneously retransmitted due to ACK loss.
2010-09-08 19:21:45 +00:00
nifi f05952c926 Changed packet id to use 8 bit instead of 4 bit 2010-08-31 13:14:49 +00:00
nifi d06a1ecc0c corrected include path 2010-08-25 18:35:52 +00:00
dak664 12479c32bc Fix compiler warnings 2010-08-01 21:18:07 +00:00
oliverschmidt 89f6235c13 Using wherex() to determine the length of the string printed with cputsn() fails if the right edge of the screen was reached as wherex() then returns 0.
Therefore we rather count the chars actually printed in cputsn() and return that value thus avoiding usage of wherex() in those scenarios altogether.
2010-07-20 22:19:23 +00:00
nvt-se 11760059d3 The second predicate is not needed. 2010-07-03 23:52:02 +00:00
nifi 3e6113be72 removed debug output 2010-06-30 09:03:20 +00:00
nvt-se 007d4a4001 Improved logic for processing DIOs 2010-06-28 14:51:23 +00:00
nifi c44cf73e4f Adapted to new SPI and CC2420 naming 2010-06-24 11:25:55 +00:00
nifi f609cb0f7c Added macro to read from CC2420 RAM 2010-06-24 11:25:07 +00:00
nifi 30db4eff52 Made QUEUEBUF_STATS configurable 2010-06-24 09:48:21 +00:00
nifi 49a2ca6b1e Fixed naming of CC2420 macros 2010-06-24 09:28:38 +00:00
nifi fb3c2e75cf removed obsolete definitions 2010-06-24 09:28:12 +00:00
nifi c6b6b6625c removed obsolete header file for CC2420 2010-06-24 09:20:28 +00:00
joxe f7a82a9145 split SPI code into generic and CC2420-related and renamed constants in CC2420 2010-06-23 10:15:28 +00:00
joxe bc398ca546 removed platform dependent loop-count from cc2420 - moved to platform config instead 2010-06-21 19:48:00 +00:00
joxe a5d7b197eb added support for the Z1 platform and its 8Mhz 2010-06-21 19:09:35 +00:00
joxe 1f0a43bf01 fixed timer bug - did not do equality comparison 2010-06-21 19:07:24 +00:00
joxe 546504516b changed timer comparison to avoid crashing mspgcc4 2010-06-21 09:41:49 +00:00
nifi e965b74cf5 added missing include 2010-06-18 08:28:56 +00:00
nifi 4741b95858 added missing include 2010-06-16 10:10:10 +00:00
nifi 21828ad782 Changed the retransmission time to be based on the configured MAC channel check rate when the RDC has no channel check interval. 2010-06-16 10:08:30 +00:00
adamdunkels 7647cbd8aa Use the list_item_next() API 2010-06-15 19:22:25 +00:00
adamdunkels 560c84a2fe Added a function for getting the first global IPv6 address 2010-06-15 19:16:22 +00:00
adamdunkels a84cc7c8a0 Added a function for obtaining the next item on the list. This makes list iterations nicer, as the ->next pointer now is hidden within the list abstraction. 2010-06-15 18:54:27 +00:00
nifi 01b1359b1f removed unused (and slightly problematic) code 2010-06-15 14:19:22 +00:00
nifi 46f9f7e6c0 corrected include path 2010-06-15 13:31:22 +00:00
adamdunkels 3fa8ffda1a Moved the modules packetbuf, queuebuf, and packetqueue from net/rime to net/, since they are not Rime-specific 2010-06-14 19:19:16 +00:00
adamdunkels 951fd78f6c ctimer moved from net/rime to sys/ 2010-06-14 18:58:45 +00:00
nvt-se fad2b1def9 Clarified the function naming for neighbor information callbacks - names now indicate where the information is from. 2010-06-14 18:35:04 +00:00
nifi adc38568ad Minor optimization: replaced init loops with memset to reduce code size 2010-06-14 13:51:13 +00:00
nifi 7499939c94 removed debug output 2010-06-14 13:07:09 +00:00
nvt-se e000b1abf3 A major update to ContikiRPL resulting in a reduced code footprint by
300 bytes, as well as cleaner protocol logic.

* Made parent management uniform.

* Simplified the DIO processing.

* Improved the Objective Function API and its documentation.

* Removed redundant code at various places.

* Improved identifier naming.

* Switched visualization from candidate parents to preferred parents only.

* Made DAO ACK transmissions configurable.

* Improved initial ETX guess by using a cached local confidence value.

* Added a periodical rank recalculation function to reduce
  the maximum stack depth.

* Increased the Trickle redundancy constant to ensure faster
  topological updates.
2010-06-14 12:44:37 +00:00
adamdunkels a890cd3d49 Moved ctimer.[ch] from their old and illogical location in core/net/rime to a more appropriate place in core/sys 2010-06-14 11:33:58 +00:00
adamdunkels 97708d6235 Documentation group set accordingly 2010-06-14 07:35:53 +00:00
adamdunkels 8f8393aadc Moved ctimer.[ch] from their old and illogical location in core/net/rime to a more appropriate place in core/sys 2010-06-14 07:34:36 +00:00
adamdunkels baa62e9314 Addresses are not const 2010-06-14 06:55:26 +00:00
adamdunkels 2647f879c2 Bugfix: select the best parent if current parent is NULL 2010-06-14 06:54:47 +00:00
adamdunkels 8d1680fed5 Filter duplicate packets 2010-06-14 06:52:41 +00:00
adamdunkels a6bd51f361 If a packet is lost due to NOACK or TXERR, we count the number of transmissions and we add an additional loss penalty (currently one) 2010-06-14 06:51:58 +00:00
joxe 1095997b66 made DIOs and OCP 09 compliant 2010-06-12 10:55:46 +00:00
nvt-se 75b624eb71 Refactored the code, removed void pointer arithmetic, and fixed invalid list removal after freeing of memb object. 2010-06-11 12:32:48 +00:00
nvt-se 8a43743a42 Updated declaration for rpl_alloc_dag. 2010-06-08 21:41:02 +00:00
nvt-se b1521e4950 Check correctly if a DAG already exists in the same instance. 2010-06-08 21:37:22 +00:00
adamdunkels 296c828ac2 Removed instant reaction to packet loss. Previously, a neighbor was dropped if no MAC layer ack was received. 2010-06-08 19:25:40 +00:00
nvt-se 4a08f545c9 Make the distinction between incoming and outgoing DTSN clear. 2010-06-08 16:21:54 +00:00
nvt-se b8848f29eb Replaced invalid attempt to switch preferred parent when its DS6 neighbor entry got purged. 2010-06-08 15:40:50 +00:00
nvt-se 4e61d69a49 Removed redundant code, moved the control of acceptable rank increases into a separate function. 2010-06-07 14:01:22 +00:00
nvt-se c6c6760838 Validate incoming DTSN value 2010-06-07 13:40:05 +00:00
nvt-se e5fd1f47fa Copy the DTSN from the DIO when joining a DAG. 2010-06-07 11:36:02 +00:00
nvt-se f0afbb69ab Fixed typo 2010-06-06 21:48:15 +00:00
nvt-se 3748f782c5 Added basic functionality for DAO ACKs and DTSN. Randomized DAO timer. 2010-06-06 21:42:50 +00:00
joxe f4508cc1e2 minor fixes + improved debug-printout 2010-06-06 12:45:55 +00:00
joxe e75c77937e fixed bug that caused problems when uncompressing unspecified address 2010-06-06 12:44:12 +00:00
joxe 17209e8fa4 moved code for autoconfiguring global address into join_dag 2010-06-03 18:37:47 +00:00
nvt-se c201058325 Purge all routes related to a DAG being freed. Do not send no-DAOs when doing a global repair. 2010-06-03 15:20:56 +00:00
joxe ba2bf31c20 changed DAOs to be formatted according to the rpl-08 specification 2010-06-03 14:49:15 +00:00
nvt-se f52e97111f Made the remove_parents function more powerful by adding a flag that indicates whether no-DAOs should be sent or not. Fixed some style issues and a possible NULL pointer dereference. 2010-06-03 12:55:09 +00:00
nvt-se 352fb4e74d Restrict the rank to INFINITE_RANK 2010-06-03 12:12:20 +00:00
joxe 62abed8347 fixed a minor bug causing too low rank during global repair 2010-06-02 16:54:59 +00:00
joxe 941443878b fixed rank calculation bug in of-etx 2010-06-02 16:23:08 +00:00
joxe f069320ca9 removed sequence_number and replaced with version - fixing global repair functionality 2010-06-02 11:59:51 +00:00
joxe fec0e8df69 changed RPL to be more 08 compliant - DIO and DIO options are formatted as in RPL-08 2010-06-01 22:30:02 +00:00
joxe 7887559d56 fixed bug in ttl decompression 2010-06-01 12:37:54 +00:00
joxe 518f9c1a00 refactoring and cleanup 2010-05-31 20:42:27 +00:00
nifi b54c6e673b Updated API for uiplib and resolv to use uip_ipaddr_t instead of uint16_t for compability with IPv6 2010-05-31 15:22:08 +00:00
nvt-se c13bb8666b Better validation of incoming DIOs. Added a reset function to the OF API. 2010-05-31 14:22:00 +00:00
oliverschmidt 126ea40994 Removed UIP_CONF_PLAIN_BUFFER again now that the pointer indirection to uip_buf was removed again. 2010-05-30 09:46:12 +00:00
nvt-se f135105567 Added support for multiple objective functions.
Extended the objective function API with a callback function that receives link-layer neighbor information.

Throttled DAO transmissions to one per DEFAULT_DAO_LATENCY period.

Added support for an ETX objective function (hysteresis control still lacking though).

Fixed a leak of routes installed by DAOs.

Control that dst_adv_supported is set before sending DAOs.

Improved debugging output.
2010-05-29 22:23:21 +00:00
nifi f6e0b46f38 * Made Chameleon header processing module configurable (CHAMELEON_CONF_MODULE)
* Removed the unused init function from header processing modules
* Added option CHAMELEON_CONF_WITH_MAC_LINK_ADDRESSES to specify that
  MAC link addresses should be used instead of Chameleon's own encoding
  of sender and receiver. This avoids encoding the link addresses twice
  when the MAC RDC has its own addresses.
2010-05-28 06:18:39 +00:00
nifi b7b2c8fcde Added macro to identify address attributes for use in header processing modules 2010-05-27 20:28:29 +00:00
nifi ac9b862cd0 Added configurable support for 802.15.4 autoack 2010-05-26 14:12:33 +00:00
nvt-se 320fa820ca Renamed neighbors to parents. Removed redundant code. Corrected the logic for max rank increase. 2010-05-25 21:58:54 +00:00
joxe 34b8313fb6 added experimental support for disseminating autoconf prefix via DIO suboption 2010-05-25 19:19:43 +00:00
nvt-se 6c4bf93141 Handle MAC_TX_ERR notifications. 2010-05-25 15:29:51 +00:00
nvt-se c5d1c3ea27 Improvements to local repair and DAO handling. 2010-05-24 16:38:56 +00:00
nvt-se f882901bf6 Remove unreachable neighbors immediately, rather than using an ETX threshold that leads to slow topological repairs. ETX information should later be stored even for removed neighbors if there is room. 2010-05-24 16:38:17 +00:00
joxe 16c212798f cleanup of the code, removing dead core + adding local vars to save some space. 2010-05-24 14:28:56 +00:00
joxe 2d447502d4 changed uip_buf to a union for 32-bit alignment 2010-05-24 10:07:34 +00:00
joxe 9db7f06368 fixed compiler warnings 2010-05-24 09:57:20 +00:00
joxe 56a3a71108 added include of string.h since memcpy are used 2010-05-19 16:16:57 +00:00
joxe 5c30aed814 removed nd llao option struct since not naturally aligned - replaced struct fields access with array based access 2010-05-19 12:21:45 +00:00
nvt-se 4411807b29 Fixed bug in DAO input. Made printfs more portable. 2010-05-18 16:43:56 +00:00
nvt-se 8c3ed291bb Preserve the file offset if a seek operation fails. 2010-05-13 18:24:55 +00:00
nifi ed4debe285 Changed neighbor notification to be default on when using RPL 2010-05-11 10:02:29 +00:00
nifi 7aeb206840 Added isinfinite to uip_ds6_defrt_t to handle infinite life time 2010-05-10 13:46:35 +00:00
joxe 058ef029e4 replaced hardcoded value with constant for route lifetime 2010-05-10 11:16:35 +00:00
joxe c0c7cea3ce fixed bug that caused select_src to set a non legal address - now sets unspecified if no address found 2010-05-10 11:10:27 +00:00
joxe 6f66d36d67 avoid sending DAO when address is tentative 2010-05-09 19:12:47 +00:00
joxe adb00ed932 factored out function for getting link local address in ds6 and made use of it in rpl for checking state of lladdress as DIOs should not be sent when tentative 2010-05-09 17:52:37 +00:00
oliverschmidt e5665fb968 The recent change turning uip_buf from an array to a pointer seems a quite heavyweight way to have the uip_buf alligned to a 32-bit boundary. Contiki is - still - supposed to be portable across a wide range of toolchains - therefore it i.e. intentionally doesn't use C99 features. From that perspective it seems questionable if all toolchains are able to optimize away the overhead imposed by an "unnecessary" indirection to access uip_buf - and uIP consists mostly of accesses to uip_buf. Even if the future is supposed to bring support for multiple uip_bufs which would turn the uip_buf pointer from a mere workaround to an neceesary element on can still presume that there will be targets with resources limited in a way prohibiting the use of several uip_bufs. So at least for those targets will still be a usecase for a "plain", not indirected uip_buf.
Therefore it seems reasonable to allow to stay with the "plain" uip_buf at compile-time.
2010-05-08 07:23:55 +00:00
oliverschmidt dec19626e8 Adjusted UIP_CONF_EXTERNAL_BUFFER to apply to actual buffer only. 2010-05-07 20:45:16 +00:00
fros4943 bc0ea1f81d bug fix: dag pointer may be NULL 2010-05-07 13:51:34 +00:00
joxe cd5dfa9692 added const for the uip_buf pointer for more efficient and smaller uip code and fixed same construct for the sicslowpan code 2010-05-05 13:07:45 +00:00
nvt-se e4187b2fc8 Made pointers constant and thereby reduced the code size slightly. 2010-05-05 12:35:39 +00:00
nvt-se 361e210751 Improvements to style and commentary. 2010-05-04 22:55:32 +00:00
joxe 01881f92a8 added missing include 2010-05-04 14:41:55 +00:00
joxe 790819e701 allocate uip_buf as uint32_t to avoid risk for unaligned uip_buf on 32 or 16 bit architectures 2010-05-04 09:19:41 +00:00