The following problems were present in the existing DCO calibration algorithm:
Problem #1. In function msp430_quick_synch_dco(), the "for(i=0; i < 1000; i++) { .. }" loop is optimized away by the compiler, as i is not volatile. Making i volatile would improve the results, but would not be sufficient: see the next point.
Problem #2. According to MSP430F2617 Device Erratasheet, bug BCL12 precludes a naive implementations of "fast" calibration altogether. The bug is present on all MCU revisions up to date.
The description of the bug:
"After switching RSELx bits (located in register BCSCTL1) from a value of >13 to a value of <12 OR from a value of <12 to a value of >13, the resulting clock delivered by the DCO can stop before the new clock frequency is applied. This dead time is approximately 20 us. In some instances, the DCO may completely stop, requiring a power cycle.
Furthermore, if all of the RSELx bits in the BSCTL1 register are set, modifying the DCOCTL register to change the DCOx or the MODx bits could also result in DCO dead time or DCO hang up."
In Contiki code for msp430f2xxx @ 8MHz, the RSEL search currently typically goes from 15 down to 11, thus violating the rules.
Step-by-step RSEL change is proposed as the best possible workaround:
"[..] more reliable method can be implemented by changing the RSEL bits step by step in order to guarantee safe function without any dead time of the DCO."
Problem #3. The old Contiki code started from the highest possible calibration values: RSEL=15, DCOx=7. According to MSP430F2617
datasheet, this means that the DCO frequency is set to 26 MHz. For one, Vcc under 3V is not supported for this frequency, so this means that battery-powered nodes have a big problem. The minimal operating voltages are:
- 1.8V for RSEL <= 13
- 2.2V for RSEL = 14
- 3.0V for RSEL = 15
So the correct way is to always start calibration from RSEL <= 13, unless explicityly pre-calibred values are present.
Problem #4. Timer B should be turned off after the calibration, following the "Principles for Low-Power Applications" in MSP430 user's Guide.
The patch fixes these issues by performing step-by-step calibration and turning off Timer B afterwards. As opposed to MSP430F1xxx calibration, this algorithm does not change the ACLK divider beforehand; attempts to make calibration more precise would lead to looping in some cases, as the calibration step granularity at larger frequencies is quite big.
Additionally, the patch improves DCOSYNCH_CONF_ENABLED behavior, allowing the resynchronization to correct for more than one step.
The leds API did not work in some cases. E.g. with the following sequence:
leds_off(LEDS_ALL);
leds_toggle(LEDS_GREEN);
leds_off(LEDS_ALL);
the green LED was remaining on after the last call.
This was caused by the toggle feature made synonymous with the invert feature,
although it is unrelated. leds_toggle() is indeed supposed to toggle an LED,
while leds_invert() is supposed to change the active level of an LED. However,
all users of leds_invert() actually meant leds_toggle(), and the invert feature
does not make sense in this module because it is not handy due to successive
calls to leds_invert() changing the intended behavior, and hardware active
levels should be managed in leds_arch_set() (e.g. by XORing the passed value
with a hardware-specific constant before setting the output levels of the pins).
Consequently, this change:
- removes the leds_invert() function,
- makes leds_toggle() behave as expected relatively to leds_off() / leds_on(),
- sanitizes the code in the leds module.
Signed-off-by: Benoît Thébaudeau <benoit.thebaudeau@advansee.com>
Historically $(OBJECTDIR) was created when Makefile.include is read. A
consequence is that combining "clean" with "all" (or any other build
target) results in an error because the clean removes the object
directory that is required to exist when building dependencies.
Creating $(OBJECTDIR) on-demand ensures it is present when needed.
Removed creation of $(OBJECTDIR) on initial read, and added an order-only
dependency forcing its creation all Makefile* rules where the target is
explicitly or implicitly in $(OBJECTDIR).
