File: bundle-install [bundler-1.0.15 Documentation]

." generated with Ronn/v0.7.3 ." github.com/rtomayko/ronn/tree/0.7.3 . .TH “BUNDLE-INSTALL” “1” “May 2011” “” “” . .SH “NAME” fBbundle-installfR - Install the dependencies specified in your Gemfile . .SH “SYNOPSIS” fBbundle installfR [-\-gemfile=GEMFILE] . .IP “” 4 . .nf

             [\-\-path PATH] [\-\-system]
             [\-\-without=GROUP1[ GROUP2\.\.\.]]
             [\-\-local] [\-\-deployment]
             [\-\-binstubs[=DIRECTORY]]
             [\-\-quiet]

. .fi . .IP “” 0 . .SH “DESCRIPTION” Install the gems specified in your Gemfile(5). If this is the first time you run bundle install (and a fBGemfile.lockfR does not exist), bundler will fetch all remote sources, resolve dependencies and install all needed gems. . .P If a fBGemfile.lockfR does exist, and you have not updated your Gemfile(5), bundler will fetch all remote sources, but use the dependencies specified in the fBGemfile.lockfR instead of resolving dependencies. . .P If a fBGemfile.lockfR does exist, and you have updated your Gemfile(5), bundler will use the dependencies in the fBGemfile.lockfR for all gems that you did not update, but will re-resolve the dependencies of gems that you did update. You can find more information about this update process below under fICONSERVATIVE UPDATINGfR. . .SH “OPTIONS” . .TP fB-\-gemfile=fR The location of the Gemfile(5) that bundler should use. This defaults to a gemfile in the current working directory. In general, bundler will assume that the location of the Gemfile(5) is also the project root, and will look for the fBGemfile.lockfR and fBvendor/cache\fR relative to it. . .TP fB-\-path=fR The location to install the gems in the bundle to. This defaults to the gem home, which is the location that fBgem installfR installs gems to. This means that, by default, gems installed without a fB-\-pathfR setting will show up in fBgem listfR. This setting is a fIremembered optionfR. . .TP fB-\-systemfR Installs the gems in the bundle to the system location. This overrides any previous fIrememberedfR use of fB-\-pathfR. . .TP fB-\-without=fR A space-separated list of groups to skip installing. This is a fIremembered optionfR. . .TP fB-\-localfR Do not attempt to connect to fBrubygems.orgfR, instead using just the gems located in fBvendor/cache\fR. Note that if a more appropriate platform-specific gem exists on fBrubygems.orgfR, this will bypass the normal lookup. . .TP fB-\-deploymentfR Switches bundler's defaults into fIdeployment modefR. Do not use this flag on development machines. . .TP fB-\-binstubs[=]fR Create a directory (defaults to fBbinfR) containing an executable that runs in the context of the bundle. For instance, if the fBrailsfR gem comes with a fBrailsfR executable, this flag will create a fBbin/rails\fR executable that ensures that all dependencies used come from the bundled gems. . .SH “DEPLOYMENT MODE” Bundler's defaults are optimized for development. To switch to defaults optimized for deployment, use the fB-\-deploymentfR flag. Do not activate deployment mode on development machines, as it will cause in an error when the Gemfile is modified. . .IP “1.” 4 A fBGemfile.lockfR is required. . .IP To ensure that the same versions of the gems you developed with and tested with are also used in deployments, a fBGemfile.lockfR is required. . .IP This is mainly to ensure that you remember to check your fBGemfile.lockfR into version control. . .IP “2.” 4 The fBGemfile.lockfR must be up to date . .IP In development, you can modify your Gemfile(5) and re-run fBbundle installfR to fIconservatively updatefR your fBGemfile.lockfR snapshot. . .IP In deployment, your fBGemfile.lockfR should be up-to-date with changes made in your Gemfile(5). . .IP “3.” 4 Gems are installed to fBvendor/bundle\fR not your default system location . .IP In development, it's convenient to share the gems used in your application with other applications and other scripts run on the system. . .IP In deployment, isolation is a more important default. In addition, the user deploying the application may not have permission to install gems to the system, or the web server may not have permission to read them. . .IP As a result, fBbundle install -\-deploymentfR installs gems to the fBvendor/bundle\fR directory in the application. This may be overridden using the fB-\-pathfR option. . .IP “” 0 . .SH “SUDO USAGE” By default, bundler installs gems to the same location as fBgem installfR. . .P In some cases, that location may not be writable by your Unix user. In that case, bundler will stage everything in a temporary directory, then ask you for your fBsudofR password in order to copy the gems into their system location. . .P From your perspective, this is identical to installing them gems directly into the system. . .P You should never use fBsudo bundle installfR. This is because several other steps in fBbundle installfR must be performed as the current user: . .IP “(bu” 4 Updating your fBGemfile.lockfR . .IP “(bu” 4 Updating your fBvendor/cache\fR, if necessary . .IP “(bu” 4 Checking out private git repositories using your user's SSH keys . .IP “” 0 . .P Of these three, the first two could theoretically be performed by fBchownfRing the resulting files to fB$SUDO_USER\fR. The third, however, can only be performed by actually invoking the fBgitfR command as the current user. Therefore, git gems are downloaded and installed into fB~/.bundlefR rather than $GEM_HOME or $BUNDLE_PATH\. . .P As a result, you should run fBbundle installfR as the current user, and bundler will ask for your password if it is needed to put the gems into their final location. . .SH “INSTALLING GROUPS” By default, fBbundle installfR will install all gems in all groups in your Gemfile(5), except those declared for a different platform. . .P However, you can explicitly tell bundler to skip installing certain groups with the fB-\-withoutfR option. This option takes a space-separated list of groups. . .P While the fB-\-withoutfR option will skip fIinstallingfR the gems in the specified groups, it will still fIdownloadfR those gems and use them to resolve the dependencies of every gem in your Gemfile(5). . .P This is so that installing a different set of groups on another machine (such as a production server) will not change the gems and versions that you have already developed and tested against. . .P fBBundler offers a rock-solid guarantee that the third-party code you are running in development and testing is also the third-party code you are running in production. You can choose to exclude some of that code in different environments, but you will never be caught flat-footed by different versions of third-party code being used in different environments.\fR . .P For a simple illustration, consider the following Gemfile(5): . .IP “” 4 . .nf

source “rubygems\.org“

gem “sinatra“

group :production do

  gem "rack\-perftools\-profiler"

end . .fi . .IP “” 0 . .P In this case, fBsinatrafR depends on any version of Rack (fB>= 1.0fR, while fBrack-perftools-profilerfR depends on 1.x (fB~> 1.0fR). . .P When you run fBbundle install -\-without productionfR in development, we look at the dependencies of fBrack-perftools-profilerfR as well. That way, you do not spend all your time developing against Rack 2.0, using new APIs unavailable in Rack 1.x, only to have bundler switch to Rack 1.2 when the fBproductionfR group fIisfR used. . .P This should not cause any problems in practice, because we do not attempt to fBinstallfR the gems in the excluded groups, and only evaluate as part of the dependency resolution process. . .P This also means that you cannot include different versions of the same gem in different groups, because doing so would result in different sets of dependencies used in development and production. Because of the vagaries of the dependency resolution process, this usually affects more than just the gems you list in your Gemfile(5), and can (surprisingly) radically change the gems you are using. . .SH “REMEMBERED OPTIONS” Some options (marked above in the fIOPTIONSfR section) are remembered between calls to fBbundle installfR, and by the Bundler runtime. . .P For instance, if you run fBbundle install -\-without testfR, a subsequent call to fBbundle installfR that does not include a fB-\-withoutfR flag will remember your previous choice. . .P In addition, a call to fBBundler.setupfR will not attempt to make the gems in those groups available on the Ruby load path, as they were not installed. . .P The settings that are remembered are: . .TP fB-\-deploymentfR At runtime, this remembered setting will also result in Bundler raising an exception if the fBGemfile.lockfR is out of date. . .TP fB-\-pathfR Subsequent calls to fBbundle installfR will install gems to the directory originally passed to fB-\-pathfR. The Bundler runtime will look for gems in that location. You can revert this option by running fBbundle install -\-systemfR. . .TP fB-\-binstubsfR Bundler will update the executables every subsequent call to fBbundle installfR. . .TP fB-\-withoutfR As described above, Bundler will skip the gems specified by fB-\-withoutfR in subsequent calls to fBbundle installfR. The Bundler runtime will also not try to make the gems in the skipped groups available. . .SH “THE GEMFILE.LOCK” When you run fBbundle installfR, Bundler will persist the full names and versions of all gems that you used (including dependencies of the gems specified in the Gemfile(5)) into a file called fBGemfile.lockfR. . .P Bundler uses this file in all subsequent calls to fBbundle installfR, which guarantees that you always use the same exact code, even as your application moves across machines. . .P Because of the way dependency resolution works, even a seemingly small change (for instance, an update to a point-release of a dependency of a gem in your Gemfile(5)) can result in radically different gems being needed to satisfy all dependencies. . .P As a result, you fBSHOULDfR check your fBGemfile.lockfR into version control. If you do not, every machine that checks out your repository (including your production server) will resolve all dependencies again, which will result in different versions of third-party code being used if fBanyfR of the gems in the Gemfile(5) or any of their dependencies have been updated. . .SH “CONSERVATIVE UPDATING” When you make a change to the Gemfile(5) and then run fBbundle installfR, Bundler will update only the gems that you modified. . .P In other words, if a gem that you fBdid not modifyfR worked before you called fBbundle installfR, it will continue to use the exact same versions of all dependencies as it used before the update. . .P Let's take a look at an example. Here's your original Gemfile(5): . .IP “” 4 . .nf

source “rubygems\.org“

gem “actionpack”, “2.3.8” gem “activemerchant” . .fi . .IP “” 0 . .P In this case, both fBactionpackfR and fBactivemerchantfR depend on fBactivesupportfR. The fBactionpackfR gem depends on fBactivesupport 2.3.8fR and fBrack ~> 1.1.0fR, while the fBactivemerchantfR gem depends on fBactivesupport >= 2.3.2fR, fBbraintree >= 2.0.0fR, and fBbuilder >= 2.0.0fR. . .P When the dependencies are first resolved, Bundler will select fBactivesupport 2.3.8fR, which satisfies the requirements of both gems in your Gemfile(5). . .P Next, you modify your Gemfile(5) to: . .IP “” 4 . .nf

source “rubygems\.org“

gem “actionpack”, “3.0.0.rc” gem “activemerchant” . .fi . .IP “” 0 . .P The fBactionpack 3.0.0.rcfR gem has a number of new dependencies, and updates the fBactivesupportfR dependency to fB= 3.0.0.rcfR and the fBrackfR dependency to fB~> 1.2.1fR. . .P When you run fBbundle installfR, Bundler notices that you changed the fBactionpackfR gem, but not the fBactivemerchantfR gem. It evaluates the gems currently being used to satisfy its requirements: . .TP fBactivesupport 2.3.8fR also used to satisfy a dependency in fBactivemerchantfR, which is not being updated . .TP fBrack ~> 1.1.0fR not currently being used to satify another dependency . .P Because you did not explicitly ask to update fBactivemerchantfR, you would not expect it to suddenly stop working after updating fBactionpackfR. However, satisfying the new fBactivesupport 3.0.0.rcfR dependency of actionpack requires updating one of its dependencies. . .P Even though fBactivemerchantfR declares a very loose dependency that theoretically matches fBactivesupport 3.0.0.rcfR, bundler treats gems in your Gemfile(5) that have not changed as an atomic unit together with their dependencies. In this case, the fBactivemerchantfR dependency is treated as fBactivemerchant 1.7.1 + activesupport 2.3.8fR, so fBbundle installfR will report that it cannot update fBactionpackfR. . .P To explicitly update fBactionpackfR, including its dependencies which other gems in the Gemfile(5) still depend on, run fBbundle update actionpackfR (see fBbundle update(1)fR). . .P fBSummaryfR: In general, after making a change to the Gemfile(5) , you should first try to run fBbundle installfR, which will guarantee that no other gems in the Gemfile(5) are impacted by the change. If that does not work, run bundle update(1) fIbundle-update.1.htmlfR.

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