gitolite/doc/admin-defined-commands.mkd

admin defined commands

WARNING: Use this feature only if you really really know what you're doing. If you come back to me saying this feature caused a problem, I will only laugh. The worse the problem, the louder I will laugh. You won't actually hear me laughing, but you'll feel it in your bones, trust me!

There may be other such WARNING sections below. Read all of them.

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In this document:

• background
• setting it up
• anatomy of a command
• example uses and sample commands in contrib
  • fork
  • rmrepo
  • (bonus) restricted admin

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background

Gitolite was named to be short for "gitosis-lite". Someone now wants to turn it into a "github-lite" :-) and even had some code to start me off thinking.

Since my first impulse on being asked for a feature is to say no, I was casting about for a reason when he gave me one: he first made some noises about perl, then said something about rewriting it all in scheme. Nice... I resisted the urge to point him to this, told him that's a great idea and he should go for it, mentally blessing him for letting me off the hook on coding it ;-) Laziness is the first virtue you know!

And that was that. For a couple of days.

Soon, though, I realised that there could be a pretty big bonus in this for tightly controlled setups, so I went and coded it all anyway. See the section on "restricted admin" for what's really exciting about this for me.

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It may be a good idea to read doc/4-wildcard-repositories.mkd before you continue here though, because this feature builds on top of that.

The wildcard repo feature is a way to create repositories matching a pattern (even if it as simple as personal/CREATOR/.+), and a way to specify two categories of permissions for each such user-created repo.

What we want now is more than that, as you'll see in the examples below. And I'm sure if you think of more uses you'll send them to me as "contrib" entries, right?

setting it up

This can only be setup by someone who has shell access to the server. Edit the rc file and update the $GL_ADC_PATH variable to point to, say, /home/git/bin/adc. Nothing happens unless this variable is set and pointing to a directory. Then put in whatever such commands you create into that directory. If you have a command called "foo" in that directory, then a user can invoke it by saying:

ssh git@server foo argument list

WARNING: When gitolite takes control, this directory is checked first, and if the requested command exists, it is executed. It is therefore quite easy to inadvertently hide some of the "official" commands (like "info", "expand", "setperms", etc., or worse, say "git-upload-pack"!) by creating executable files with those names in this directory. So don't do that -- you have been warned!

anatomy of a command

You can basically do whatever you want in such a command -- go wild! It's upto you to check the permissions of each repo that the user is manipulating using your command -- you can rm -rf $GL_REPO_BASE_ABS if you like and gitolite wouldn't stop you.

The current directory ($PWD) will be set to the $HOME of git@server (or whatever id you're using). It won't be any specific repo, it won't even be the base directory of all the repos.

Gitolite defines a few environment variables, as well as allows you to directly query the ownership and access permissions of any repository.

The environment variables available are:

• GL_USER -- the name of the user invoking the command
• GL_BINDIR -- the directory containing all the binaries (in particular, gitolite.pm, which is all we really care about here)
• GL_REPO_BASE_ABS -- the absolute path of the base directory containing all the repos

There are a few other variables also available but the above are the only ones you should rely on. Please treat any other variables you notice as being internal/undocumented/subject to change.

[Implementation note: some of the distro packagers don't seem to like GL_BINDIR. I have not tested this in those scenarios, but they probably put gitolite.pm somewhere in perl's lib path anyway, so it ought to work].

In addition, all the arguments of the command are also available to you, so you can define your own command syntaxes. Gitolite checks these arguments to make sure they fit a somewhat conservative pattern (see $REPOPATT_PATT in src/gitolite.pm), so take that into consideration when designing your commands and usage.

Finally, you can call gitolite to query ownership and permissions for the current user (which may not necessarily be the owner). This is done loosely as follows (don't use this exact code yet though):

perl -I$HOME/.gitolite/src -Mgitolite -e "cli_repo_rights('reponame')"

which will print two space-separated words, something like _____R__W u1 or maybe ____@R_@W <gitolite>. (The former is the response for a wildcard repo created by user u1, the latter is for a non-wildcard repo)

But that's cumbersome. There's a bash shell function called get_rights_and_owner in contrib/adc/adc.common-functions that is much more convenient. See any of the other samples for how to use it.

If you don't like this, roll your own. If you don't like bash, do the eqvt in your language of choice.

example uses and sample commands in contrib

fork

A user would use the fork command like this:

ssh git@server fork from to

where "from" is a repo to which the user invoking the fork has "R" access, and "to" is a repo that does not yet exist and to which he has "C" access.

(Reminder: these access checks are done by the "fork" script, not within gitolite -- once again, you are responsible for making sure your scripts maintain the security of the system!)

Strictly speaking this command is not really needed. Even without all this "admin-defined commands" setup you could still do the following, purely from the client side:

git clone git@server:from
cd from
git remote add new git@server:to
git push new refs/*:refs/*

or some such incantation.

Implementation note: you might notice that this script does not just do a "git clone ...". This is because creating a repo has to be done via gitolite. Otherwise, hooks won't get setup, and the all-important "gl-creater" file showing who owns the repo won't get created.

So now we have an actual command to just create a repo and do nothing else: ssh git@server git-init \'reponame\'. [Yes; those single quotes are required. Deal with it.]

rmrepo

This is one thing that you really could not do before this setup was created. Use it like this:

ssh git@server rmrepo reponame

The script checks to make sure that the repo being deleted was created by the user invoking it.

(bonus) restricted admin

It's rather important to me (and presumably others in the "corporate" world) to separate permission to push to the "gitolite-admin" repo from unrestricted shell access to the server. This issue has been visited often in the past.

Until now, though, this was binary -- you either had full shell access or none at all. If there were tasks that legitimately needed to be done from the shell on the server, it often meant you had to break that separation or load the few people who did have shell access already.

Now, however, it is possible to provide scripts to do what you want, and put them in $GL_ADC_PATH. contrib/adc/restrict-admin is a commented sample -- as you can see, it cleverly makes use of the fact that you can now check for the invoking uses access to any repo in the system. In this case it checks if he has "W" access to the gitolite-admin repo, and if he does, allows the script to proceed.