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gitolite/doc/wildcard-repositories.mkd
Sitaram Chamarty dab35f3565 fixup all docs to allow URLs pointing to gh-pages
2011-01-26 08:08:18 +05:30

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repositories named with wildcards

IMPORTANT NOTE:

This feature may be somewhat "brittle" in terms of security. Creating repositories based on wild cards, giving "ownership" to the specific user who created it, allowing him/her to hand out permissions to other users to collaborate, all these are possible. And any of these could have a bug in it. I haven't found any yet, but that doesn't mean there aren't any.

In this document:

This document is mostly "by example".

quick introduction

The wildrepos feature allows you to specify access control rules using regular expression patterns, so you can have many actual repos being served by a single set of rules in the config file. The regex pattern can also include the word CREATOR in it, allowing you to parametrise the name of the user creating the repo. The examples below will make this clearer.

rc file setting required

This feature requires that you set $GL_WILDREPOS to "1" in ~/.gitolite.rc on the server. Please search for that variable and see comments around it in conf/example.gitolite.rc for more information on this.

examples of wildcard repos

As the introduction said, you can include the word CREATOR in the regex pattern, though it is not mandatory. We'll look at examples of both types of usage.

Which of these alternatives you choose depends on your needs, and the social aspects of your environment. Including the creator name in the pattern keeps users rigidly separated from each others repos, and is good for a largely autonomous collection of users with a high probability of repo name clashes.

Omitting the creator name from the pattern puts the repos in a common namespace, and is suitable for environments where it is not very important to keep track of who actually created the repo (except for granting access), but needs more communication / co-operation among the users to avoid repo name clashes.

wildcard repos with creator name in them

Here's an example snippet:

@prof       =   u1
@TAs        =   u2 u3
@students   =   u4 u5 u6

repo    assignments/CREATOR/a[0-9][0-9]
    C   =   @students
    RW+ =   CREATOR
    RW  =   WRITERS @TAs
    R   =   READERS @prof

For now, ignore the special usernames READERS and WRITERS, and just create a new repo, as user "u4" (a student):

$ git clone git@server:assignments/u4/a12
Initialized empty Git repository in /home/sitaram/t/a12/.git/
Initialized empty Git repository in /home/gitolite/repositories/assignments/u4/a12.git/
warning: You appear to have cloned an empty repository.

Notice the two empty repo inits, and the order in which they occur ;-)

wildcard repos without creator name in them

Here's how the same example would look if you did not want the CREATOR's name to be part of the actual repo name.

repo    assignments/a[0-9][0-9]
    C   =   @students
    RW+ =   CREATOR
    RW  =   WRITERS @TAs
    R   =   READERS @prof

We haven't changed anything except the repo name pattern. This means that the first student that creates, say, assignments/a12 becomes the owner. Mistakes (such as claiming a12 instead of a13) need to be rectified by an admin logging on to the back end, though it's not too difficult.

You could also repace the C line like this:

    C   =   @TAs

and have a TA create the repos in advance.

In either case, they could then use the setperms feature to specify which users are "READERS" and which are "WRITERS". See later for details.

side-note: valid regexes

Due to projects like gtk+, the + character is now considered a valid character for an ordinary repo. Therefore, a pattern like foo/.+ does not look like a regex to gitolite. Use foo/..* if you want that.

Also, ..* by itself is not considered a valid repo pattern. Try [a-zA-Z0-9].*.

side-note: line-anchored regexes

A regex like

repo assignments/S[0-9]+/A[0-9]+

would match assignments/S02/A37. It will not match assignments/S02/ABC, or assignments/S02/a37, obviously.

But you may be surprised to find that it does not match even assignments/S02/A37/B99. This is because internally, gitolite line-anchors the given regex; so that regex actually becomes ^assignments/S[0-9]+/A[0-9]+$ -- notice the line beginning and ending metacharacters.

contrast with refexes

Just for interest, note that this is in contrast to the refexes for the normal "branch" permissions, as described in conf/example.conf and elsewhere. These "refexes" are only anchored at the start; a pattern like refs/heads/master actually can match refs/heads/master01/bar as well, even if no one will actually push such a branch! You can anchor both sides if you really care, by using master$ instead of master, but that is not the default for refexes.

handing out rights to wildcard-matched repos

In the examples above, we saw two special "user" names: READERS and WRITERS. The permissions they have are controlled by the config file, but who is part of this list is controlled by the person who created the repository.

The use case is that, although our toy example has only 3 students, in reality there will be a few dozen, but each assignment will be worked on only by a handful from among those. This allows the creator to take ad hoc sets of users from among the actual users in the system, and place them into one of two categories (in this example, READERS and WRITERS respectively). In theory you could do the same thing by creating lots of little "assignment-NN" groups in the config file but that may be a little too cumbersome for non-secret environments.

Create a small text file that contains the permissions you desire:

$ cat > myperms
READERS u5
WRITERS u6
(hit ctrl-d here)

...and use the new "setperms" command to set permissions for your repo:

$ ssh git@server setperms assignments/u4/a12 < myperms
New perms are:
READERS u5
WRITERS u6

'setperms' will helpfully print what the new permissions are but you can also use 'getperms' to check:

$ ssh git@server getperms assignments/u4/a12
READERS u5
WRITERS u6

The following points are important:

  • note the syntax of the commands; it's not a "git" command, and there's no : like in a repo URL. The first space-separated word is READERS or WRITERS, and the rest are simple usernames.

(admin) adding other categories than READERS and WRITERS

Let's say your needs are more complex and you need more categories of users. For example, you might like to have a setup where only a tester can update tags, and only a manager can delete branches:

repo foo/..*
  C                 =   u1
  RW    refs/tags/  =   TESTERS
  -     refs/tags/  =   @all
  RW+               =   WRITERS
  RW                =   INTERNS
  R                 =   READERS
  RW+D              =   MANAGERS

As you can see, someone pre-creates the repo and assigns rights to various people, say by sending something like this to setperms:

READERS wally
WRITERS dilbert alice
MANAGERS phb
INTERNS ashok
TESTERS ashok

You can enable do this by setting the GL_WILDREPOS_PERM_CATS variable in the rc file. The example rc file (conf/example.gitolite.rc) explains how to do this, with sample code.

IMPORTANT WARNING ABOUT THIS FEATURE

Please make sure that none of the category names conflict with any of the usernames in the system. For example, if you have a user called "foo", make sure you do not include "foo" as a valid category in $GL_WILDREPOS_PERM_CATS.

You can keep things sane by using UPPERCASE names for categories, while keeping all your usernames lowercase; then you don't have to worry about this problem.

setting a gitweb description for a wildcard-matched repo

Similar to the getperms/setperms commands, there are the getdesc/setdesc commands, thanks to Teemu.

reporting

In order to see what repositories were created from a wildcard, use the "expand" command, described briefly in doc/report-output.mkd.

deleting a wild repo

See repo deletion for more on this. Note that this requires you to install/setup "adc"s (admin defined commands). See doc/admin-defined-commands.mkd for how to do that.

how it actually works

This section tells you what is happening inside gitolite so you can understand this feature better. Let's use the config example at the beginning of this document:

repo    assignments/CREATOR/a[0-9][0-9]
    C   =   @students
    RW+ =   CREATOR
    RW  =   WRITERS @TAs
    R   =   READERS @prof

First we find the set of rules to apply. This involves replacing the special words CREATOR, WRITERS, and READERS with appropriate usernames to derive an "effective" ruleset for the repo in question.

For a new repo, replace the word CREATOR in all repo patterns and rules with the name of the invoking user.

(Note: this is why you should never use C = CREATOR; it becomes C = invoking_user! Unless you really want to allow all users to create repos, you should restrict "C" perms to an actual user or set of users, like in the examples in this document).

For an existing repo, do the same but replace with the name of the user who actually created the repo (this name is recorded in a special file in the repo directory when the repo is first created, so it is available).

Now find a repo pattern that matches the actual reponame being pushed -- this tells you which set of rules to apply. There can be multiple matches; if so, they will all be applied in the sequence they appear in the config file.

If the invoking user has been put in the "WRITERS" category using setperms, all permissions for the the user WRITERS are given to the invoking username (and similarly for READERS).

At this point we have an effective ruleset, and the normal access rules (R, RW, etc) apply, with the addition that the invoking user needs "C" access to be able to create a repo.

(Note: "C" rights do not automatically give the CREATOR any other rights; they must be specifically given. RW+ = CREATOR is recommended in most situations, as you can see in our example).

Assuming user "u4" trying to push-create a new repo called assignments/u4/a23, this is what the effective ruleset looks like:

repo    assignments/u4/a23
    C   =   @students
    RW+ =   u4
    RW  =   @TAs
    R   =   @prof

If u4 puts u5 in the "WRITERS" category using setperms, and u5 tries to access that repo, the ruleset looks like:

repo    assignments/u4/a23
    C   =   @students
    RW+ =   u4
    RW  =   u5 @TAs
    R   =   @prof

I hope that helps.

Enjoy, and please use with care. This is pretty powerful stuff. As they say: if you break it, you get to keep both pieces :)