gitolite/doc/admin.mkd

# F=admin administering and running gitolite

## please read this first

Unless you know what you're doing, do not do **anything** manually on the
server (except when the documentation says you should, for example to add
custom hooks).  In particular, adding new repositories or users or changing
the access control rules should not be done directly on the server.  Things
will break.  For example, if you manually create a repo on the server, it will
not have the required "update" hook, without which there is no access control
for pushes.

Most normal (day-to-day) gitolite admin work is done by cloning the
gitolite-admin repo from the server to your workstation, making changes to the
clone, and pushing those changes back.

The installation steps in the previous section include the steps to do this
clone, so you should already have one on your workstation, in
`~/gitolite-admin`.  You can of course clone it anywhere else you want and use
that clone.

Either way, make sure you `cd` into this clone first.

*Note*: some of the paths in this document use variable names.  Just refer to
`~/.gitolite.rc` for the correct values for *your* installation.

Once you've cloned it, you're ready to add users and repos.

## F=add adding users and repos

Do **NOT** add repos or users directly on the server!  You MUST manage the
server by cloning the special 'gitolite-admin' repo on your workstation (`git
clone git@server:gitolite-admin`), making changes, and pushing them.  This
section tells you how to add users and repos.

  * ask each user who will get access to send you a public key.  See other
    sources (for example [here][genpub]) for how to do this

  * rename each public key according to the user's name, with a `.pub`
    extension, like `sitaram.pub` or `john-smith.pub`.  You can also use
    periods and underscores

  * copy all these `*.pub` files to `keydir` in your gitolite-admin repo
    clone.  You can also organise them into various subdirectories of `keydir`
    if you wish, since the entire tree is searched.

  * edit the config file (`conf/gitolite.conf` in your admin repo clone).  See
    the [gitolite.conf][conf] documentation for details on what goes in that
    file, syntax, etc.  Just add new repos as needed, and add new users and
    give them permissions as required.  The users names should be exactly the
    same as their keyfile names, but without the `.pub` extension

  * when done, commit your changes and push.  Any new repos you specified will
    automatically be created (empty, but clonable) and users' access will be
    updated as needed.

[genpub]: http://sitaramc.github.com/0-installing/2-access-gitolite.html#generating_a_public_key

## F=hooks using hooks

### #customhooks custom hooks

You can supply your own, custom, hook scripts if you wish.  Install gitolite
as usual, then:

  * go to ~/.gitolite/hooks/common on the server and put your new hook there
  * now run "gl-setup" again

You can use this procedure to install new hooks as well as to update hooks
that you had previously installed.

<font color="red">**IMPORTANT WARNINGS**</font>

  * The `update` hook in `hooks/common` is what implements all the
    branch-level permissions in gitolite.  If you fiddle with the hooks
    directory, please make sure you do not mess with this file accidentally,
    or all your fancy per-branch permissions will stop working.

  * Do not under any conditions put anything in `hooks/gitolite-admin` --
    nothing in gitolite requires you to do anything here.  Leave it alone!

### #hookchaining hook chaining

Sometimes you need to use git hooks for your own purposes (site-local
validations, CI integration, email notifications, or the ever popular "live
website update"!).  However, the hooks you want to use may already be in use
by gitolite.

This section will tell you what to do in such cases.  First, let's list the
hooks that gitolite uses:

  * The `update` hook is used in all repos and is critical to gitolite's
    access control!

  * The `post-receive` hook is used in all repos but only if mirroring has
    been enabled.  Shipped as `post-receive.mirrorpush`, it is renamed to
    'post-receive' and installed as part of the mirroring setup.

  * The `post-update` hook is used in the `gitolite-admin` repo only, to
    "compile" the configuration and so on.

To run your own 'update' hook, just put it in a file called `update.secondary`
and install it as a hook.  Gitolite's update hook will automatically chain to
it, taking care to pass it the same 3 arguments the original update hook
received from git.

<font color="gray">

>   In addition, gitolite now contains the basic infrastructure to support
>   multiple 'update' hooks without having to remember to chain them yourself.
>   See `hooks/common/update.secondary.sample` for instructions.

</font>

For `post-receive`, (if using mirroring) do the opposite.  You're normally
expected to rename the shipped 'post-receive.mirrorpush' to 'post-receive',
but don't do this.  Instead, simply run `hooks/post-receive.mirrorpush` at the
end of *your* hook code.  Do not worry about replicating STDIN (the documented
way in which a post-receive hook receives its input) because the mirroring
code does not use it.

To run your own `post-update` hook on normal repos, just install a hook called
'post-update' the usual way.  It'll be installed on all normal repos but not
on the special gitolite-admin repo.  If you need that for the gitolite-admin
repo, you'll have to call it `post-update.secondary`.

Finally, these names ('update.secondary' and 'post-update.secondary') are
merely the defaults.  You can change them to anything you want; look in
conf/example.gitolite.rc for details.

### environment variables available to hooks

The following environment variables are set, and may be useful for any custom
processing you wish to do in your hook code:

  * `GL_USER` -- the user doing the push
  * `GL_REPO` -- the reponame
  * `GL_REPO_BASE_ABS` -- the absolute base path where all the repos are kept

The following variables are also set, but are generally less useful:

  * `GL_BINDIR` -- where all the binaries live
  * `GL_ADMINDIR` -- common directory for many gitolite things

### "gl-post-init" hook

Sometimes it is necessary to do something whenever a new repo is created.  If
you need this functionality, just supply a hook called "gl-post-init" with
whatever code you want in it.

### "gl-pre-git" hook

Although git has lots of nice hooks you can tap into, they all run only on a
push.  There's nothing that runs on a fetch or a clone, and there's no way to
run something *before* git-receive-pack or git-upload-pack, (as the case may
be) are invoked.

That's what the `gl-pre-git` hook is for.  If an executable hook called
`gl-pre-git` is present, it will be invoked with the current directory set to
`repo.git`, and with a single argument which will be either `R` or `W`
depending on what the client is trying to do.  The environment variables
`GL_USER` and `GL_REPO` are available.  STDOUT will be forced to STDERR before
it is called, to avoid confusing the client.

If the code returns anything other than 0, gitolite will terminate the
operation (i.e., not run git at all), just like many git hooks do, so make
sure you end with `exit 0` or equivalent.

## other features

### F=moverepos moving pre-existing repos into gitolite

It's best to split this into different use cases.

**Case 1 -- few repos**: This is for moving one or two repos at a time, when
you have a copy of the repo on your workstation.  It is also the *only* way if
you have push rights to the admin repo but no *shell* privileges on the
server.

  * let gitolite create it as a brand new repo as described in the section on
    "adding users and repos" at the top

  * cd to the clone on your workstation.  Make sure all the branches are
    correct and no extra stuff, "temp" branches, etc., are present

  * now run these two commands

        git push --all git@server:reponame
        git push --tags git@server:reponame

  * (You could also use "git push --mirror" instead of separately doing
    branches and tags, but that will carry across *your* remote refs also, and
    typically you may not want that.  Anyway please do a `git ls-remote
    git@server:repo` to make sure all the stuff you want went through, and is
    named correctly).

**Case 2 -- many repos**: This is when you have many existing repos to add,
and they're all bare (as good little server repos should be) and you have
shell access on the server.  Here's how to do it; please note the order is
important here:

  * make doubly sure they're *bare* repos ;-)

  * log on to the server and copy the repos to `$REPO_BASE` (which defaults to
    `~/repositories`), making sure that the directory names end in ".git".

  * back on your workstation, add each repo (without the `.git` suffix) to
    `conf/gitolite.conf` in your gitolite-admin repo clone.  Give *some* user
    (even a non-existent one like "DUMMY" is fine) at least "R" access to
    these repos.  Then add, commit, push.

**Case 3 -- far too many repos** (or your initials are JH ;-): This is when
you're like Case 2, except you have *so many* repos that step 3 becomes too
cumbersome (even with a script doing it for you).

Assuming you can group your repo names into various patterns, and can use
similar access control lines within each such group, you can use gitolite's
"wildcard repos" feature.

First read the [wildcard repositories][wild] document, or at least skim
through it, to understand the basic concept.  Then do this:

  * do step 1 just like step 1 in Case 2 above

  * ditto for step 2

  * for each repo, determine who the owner should be and create files called
    `gl-creater` (note spelling!) in each repo.  The file should contain
    exactly one line with the owner name.

  * run `gl-setup` again (you don't need to supply a pub key filename)

  * finally add the repos to the conf, maybe something like this, (in this
    example, the owner name was the second component of the repo path), and
    add/commit/push:

        repo    pub/CREATOR/..*
                C   =   @developers
                RW+ =   CREATOR
                RW  =   WRITERS
                R   =   READERS

**Details**

<font color="gray">

  * why is the order of steps different in case 1 and case 2?

    Because in case 2, the actual data is coming from an OS 'cp' (copy)
    command, not via a normal push like in case 1.  Since that happens outside
    gitolite, it's easier to do it first, then tell gitolite about the repo so
    it can add hooks.  (If you tell gitolite first, it will create an empty
    repo as soon as you push, then your 'cp' will have to overwrite those
    files, but you'll then lose gitolite's hooks, etc.  A bit more messy).

  * what's with the `gl-creater` file in case 3?

    What the [wildcard repositories][wild] document does not explain is how
    ownership is *recorded* in gitolite: the `gl-creater` file contains the
    owner name.  If you want to "pretend" these repos were created by some
    user, you need to add that in.  That user then gets whatever access you
    gave to "CREATOR" in the access rules (in our example, that was `RW+`).

  * why does case 3 need the `gl-setup` command?

    An admin push only checks hooks on normal (non-wildcard) repos.  It would
    be too timetaking otherwise.  Running `gl-setup` forces it to do this more
    aggressively than an admin push, looking at wildcard repos as well as
    normal ones.

</font>

In the end, it all boils down to (a) making sure the `update` hook is correct
on all repos, wild or normal, and (b) making sure `gl-creater` contains the
owner name for wild repos.  The rest of the setup is in the conf file.

### F=moveserver moving the whole thing from one server to another

[**NOTE**: I would appreciate help testing these instructions]

Just copying everything won't work unless everything on the new server is
exactly the same.  I suggest you don't try it unless you know what you're
doing.

**Assumptions**

  * you have not changed `$REPO_BASE` on either of the servers; if you did,
    substitute accordingly
  * the admin's name is "YourName" -- again, substitute accordingly!
  * the "hosting user" on both servers is "git".  Substitute whatever you're
    actually using (for example, if you're installing using RPM/DEB, this
    would be "gitolite")

There are many ways of doing this, but the most *generic* set of steps are
given below.  Please follow all the steps; do not skip or improvise!  Ask me
if things are not clear -- you can help me fine tune this document :-)

  * (workstation, old server) **pull** the latest changes to the
    `gitolite-admin` repo to your workstation, if you don't have them
    already. You'll need them later on.
    
  * (old server) **disable** the old server so your users will not push any
    changes to it.  There are several ways to do this, but the simplest is to
    insert this line at the top of `~/.gitolite.rc` on the old server:

        exit 1;

  * (new server) **copy** the repos to the new server, **except** the
    `gitolite-admin` repo and files called `gitolite-hooked` in the `hooks`
    directory of each repo.

    That sounds complicated but it's not.  It's just:

        cd $HOME
        rsync -a olduser@oldhost:repositories .
        mv repositories/gitolite-admin.git $HOME/old-gitolite-admin.git
        find repositories -name gitolite-hooked | xargs rm

    Don't forget to chown repositories if git's UID changed.  Gitolite expects
    the hosting user to own all the files and directories it manages.

  * (workstation, new server) **install** gitolite normally on your new
    server.  Use whatever install method suits you, but you must use the
    **same** name for the admin ("YourName" in the install instructions).  You
    may use a different keypair if you need to, or use the same one that
    currently gets access to the old server.

  * (new server) **edit** the `~/.gitolite.rc` file to match the settings on
    the old server, if needed.  Do not copy the entire file outright -- some
    of the variables (notably `GL_PACKAGE_CONF` and `GL_PACKAGE_HOOKS`) are
    installation dependent and should not be touched!  Do a diff or a vimdiff
    and copy across only what you know *you* changed on the old server.

  * (workstation) **push** the config to the new server.  To do this, go to
    your admin clone, and:

      * if you used a different keypair when installing to the new server,
        copy that pubkey to this clone into `keydir/Yourname.pub`, then add
        and commit the change to the pubkey

            cd gitolite-admin
            cp path/to/new/YourName.pub keydir/YourName.pub
            git add keydir
            git commit -m "new server, new key"

      * if you did *not* use a different keypair, just make a dummy commit

            git commit -m "new server" --allow-empty

      * set the URL for the new server

            git remote set-url origin git@newserver:gitolite-admin

      * push the config, including past history

            git push -f

And that should be that!

### custom git config

The custom hooks feature is a blunt instrument -- all repos get the hook you
specified and will run it.  You can of course install hooks manually on the
server, but sometimes that's cumbersome.

Instead, you could set your hooks to only work if a certain "gitconfig"
variable was set.  See [this][rsgc] for a way to specify "git config"
settings on a per repository basis.