fixes first boot kernel-issues

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.*.sw[po]

README.adoc

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+= Dependencies =
+
+	sudo aptitude install git kpartx ruby qemu-system-arm qemu-user-static

init.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#!/bin/sh -e
+
+Usage() {
+	>&2 echo "Usage: $0 hostname [vgname]"
+	exit 1
+}
+
+die() {
+	>&2 echo "died: $*"
+	exit 1
+}
+
+msg() {
+	>&2 printf '\e[34;1m%s\e[0m\n' "$*"
+}
+
+lv_exists() {
+	true && lvs --noheadings --options lv_name "$1"
+	case $? in
+	0) return 0 ;;
+	5) return 1 ;;
+	*) die "Error while determining, if lv «$1» exists" ;;
+	esac
+}
+
+alias blkuuid="blkid -ovalue -sUUID" blkfstype="blkid -ovalue -sTYPE"
+
+[ X = X"$1" ] && Usage
+[ X-h = X"$1" ] && Usage
+[ X--help = X"$1" ] && Usage
+
+hostname="$1"
+#vgname="${2:-${hostname}sd}"
+disc="/dev/mmcblk1"
+pvpath="${disc}p2"
+
+echo "Hostname: «$hostname»"
+#echo "VG-name:  «$vgname»"
+echo
+
+msg "Install needed tools..."
+apt update
+apt install -y lvm2 xfsprogs
+
+msg "Set Hostname «$hostname»..."
+oldhostname=`cat /etc/hostname`
+sed -i -e "s/$oldhostname/$hostname/g" /etc/hosts
+echo "$hostname" > /etc/hostname
+
+vgname="`pvs --noheadings --options vg_name "$pvpath" | sed -e 's/^  *//'`"
+# renaming does not work, because blockdevices will not be created.
+# vgknodes, vgscan --mknodes tested.
+#if [ "X$oldvgname" = "X$vgname" ]
+#then
+#	msg "VG already named «$vgname»."
+#else
+#	msg "Rename VG in «$vgname»..."
+#	vgrename "$oldvgname" "$vgname"
+#fi
+
+msg "Expand PV «$pvpath»..."
+parted -ms "$disc" -- resizepart 2 -4MB print
+pvresize "$pvpath"
+
+msg "Expand root-LV..."
+lvextend -rL4G "$vgname/root"
+
+if lv_exists "$vgname/swap"
+then
+	msg "LV «swap» already exists."
+else
+	msg "Prepare swap-LV..."
+	lvcreate -nswap -L2G "$vgname"
+	mkswap "/dev/$vgname/swap"
+	echo "UUID=`blkuuid /dev/$vgname/swap` swap swap sw 0 0" >>/etc/fstab
+fi
+
+if lv_exists "$vgname/home"
+then
+	msg "LV «home» already exists"
+else
+	msg "Prepare home-LV..."
+	lvcreate -nhome -L4G "$vgname"
+	mkfs.xfs "/dev/$vgname/home"
+	echo "UUID=`blkuuid /dev/$vgname/home` /home xfs defaults 0 0" >>/etc/fstab
+fi
+
+msg "Install Updates..."
+apt dist-upgrade -y
+
+msg "ok"

lib/to_lvm_xfs/base.rb

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class Base
 	end
 	
 	def lpartx image
-		mapper = Pathname.new '/dev/mapper'
+		mapper = XPathname.new '/dev/mapper'
 		lines = sh.kpartx( -:al, image, return: :lines)[0..-1]
 		if lines.grep( /^loop deleted/).empty?
 			lines.map do |line|
@@ -138,16 +138,17 @@ Settings:
 EOF
 
 		sh.def_system_commands *%i[echo sed mount umount kpartx sync rsync xz gzip bzip2 zip tar bash dpkg apt]
-		sh.def_system_commands *%i[dmsetup lvcreate vgcreate pvcreate vgchange mkswap vgscan]
+		sh.def_system_commands *%i[losetup dmsetup lvcreate vgcreate pvcreate vgchange mkswap vgscan]
+		sh.alias_command :losetup_list, *%w[losetup --list --json], return: :json, could_be_empty: true
 		sh.alias_command :pvs, *%w[pvs --noheadings]
 		sh.alias_command :blkid, 'blkid', return: :line
 		sh.alias_command :lsblk, *%w[lsblk --noheadings --paths --list], return: :lines
-		sh.alias_command :parted, *%w[parted -ms]
+		sh.alias_command :parted, *%w[parted --machine --script]
 		sh.alias_command :mkxfs, *%w[mkfs.xfs -f]
 		sh.alias_command :mkext2fs, *%w[mkfs.ext2]
 		sh.alias_command :mkext4fs, *%w[mkfs.ext4]
 		sh.alias_command :mkvfat, *%w[mkfs.vfat]
-		sh.alias_command :rsync_all, *%w[rsync -aHAX]
+		sh.alias_command :rsync_all, *%w[rsync --archive --hard-links --acls --xattrs]
 		sh.alias_command :mount_ro, *%w[mount -oro]
 		sh.alias_command :fs_uuid, *%w[blkid -o value -s UUID], return: :line
 		sh.alias_command :fs_type, *%w[blkid -o value -s TYPE], return: :line
@@ -188,19 +189,20 @@ EOF
 		end
 
 		opts.on '-aAUTHKEYS', '--auth-keys=AUTHKEYS', 'SSH-Keys for user' do |f|
-			f = Pathname.new f
+			f = XPathname.new f
 			d "#{f} not found.", f.exist?
 			@authorized_keys = f
 		end
 
 		opts.on '-AAUTHKEYS', '--root-auth-keys=AUTHKEYS', 'SSH-Keys for root' do |f|
-			f = Pathname.new f
+			f = XPathname.new f
 			d "#{f} not found.", f.exist?
 			@root_authorized_keys = f
 		end
 	end
 
 	def run
+		nok = false
 		build
 
 		qemu_bin = dest.root + "usr/bin/qemu-arm-static"
@@ -210,10 +212,11 @@ EOF
 		end
 
 	rescue ProgrammError
+		nok = true
 		err $!
 		raise
 	ensure
-		STDERR.puts "="*80
+		STDERR.puts "\e[1;36m#{"<"*80}\e[0m"
 		umount_all ignore_exceptions: true
 		umount dest.root, -:R     rescue Object
 		umount base.root, -:R     rescue Object
@@ -222,7 +225,7 @@ EOF
 		departx dest.image        rescue Object
 		departx base.image        rescue Object
 		sh.sync                   rescue Object
-		STDERR.puts "="*80
+		STDERR.puts "\e[1;#{nok ? 31: 36}m#{">"*80}\e[0m"
 	end
 
 	def activate_vg vgname
@@ -283,66 +286,61 @@ EOF
 	end
 
 	def ssh_copy_id_local src, home, uid, gid = nil
-		akf = home+'.ssh/authorized_keys'
+		akfile = home+'.ssh/authorized_keys'
-		akd = akf.dirname
+		akdir = akfile.dirname
-		akd.mkdir
+		akdir. mkdir
-		akd.chown uid, gid
+		akdir. chown uid, gid
-		akd.chmod 0700
+		akdir. chmod 0700
-		akf.copy src
+		akfile.copy  src
-		akf.chown uid, gid
+		akfile.chown uid, gid
-		akf.chmod 0600
+		akfile.chmod 0600
 	end
 
-	def rename_user
+	def install_authorized_keys
 		ssh_copy_id_local @authorized_keys, dest.root+'home/pi', 1000, 1000  if @authorized_keys
 		ssh_copy_id_local @root_authorized_keys, dest.root+'root', 0, 0  if @root_authorized_keys
+	end
 
-		if @username
+	def rename_user username = nil, password: nil, old: nil
-			dest.root.join( 'etc/passwd').replace_i do |f|
+		username ||= @username
-				f.each_line.flat_map do |l|
+		old ||= 'pi'
-					user, pwd, uid, gid, name, home, shell = l.split( ':')
+		password ||= @password
-					user, home = @username, "/home/#{@username}"  if 'pi' == user
+
+		if username and old != username
+			dest.root.join( 'etc/passwd').sed_i do |l|
+				user, pwd, uid, gid, name, home, shell = l.split( ':', 7)
+				user, home = username, "/home/#{username}"  if old == user
 				[user, pwd, uid, gid, name, home, shell].join ':'
 			end
-			end
 
-			dest.root.join( 'etc/group').replace_i do |f|
+			dest.root.join( 'etc/group').sed_i do |l|
-				f.each_line.flat_map do |l|
+				group, pwd, gid, users = l.split( ':', 4)
-					group, pwd, gid, users = l.split( ':')
+				group = username  if old == group
-					group = @username  if 'pi' == group
+				users = users.split( ',').map {|user| old == user ? username : user }
-					users = users.split( ',').map {|user| 'pi' == user ? @username : user }
 				[group, pwd, gid, users.join( ',')].join ':'
 			end
+
+			dest.root.join( 'home', old).rename dest.root.join( 'home', username)
 		end
 
-			dest.root.join( 'home/pi').rename dest.root.join( 'home', @username)
+		if password or username
-		end
+			dest.root.join( 'etc/shadow').sed_i do |l|
-
+				user, crypt, lastchange, minage, maxage, warn, inact, expiry, reserved = l.split( ':', 9)
-		if @password or @username
+				if old == user
-			dest.root.join( 'etc/shadow').replace_i do |f|
+					crypt = password  if password
-				f.each_line.flat_map do |l|
+					user  = username  if username
-					user, crypt, lastchange, minage, maxage, warn, inact, expiry, reserved = l.split( ':')
-					if 'pi' == user
-						crypt = @password  if @password
-						user  = @username  if @username
 				end
 				[user, crypt, lastchange, minage, maxage, warn, inact, expiry, reserved].join ':'
 			end
 		end
 	end
-	end
 
 	def set_hostname hostname = nil
-		hostname = @hostname
+		hostname ||= @hostname
 		return  if hostname.nil? or hostname.empty?
-		msg :patch, 'etc/hosts', 'set hostname to', hostname
+		msg "setting hostname", hostname
-		dest.root.join( 'etc/hosts').replace_i do |f|
+		dest.root.join( 'etc/hosts').sed_i {|l| l.gsub /\<raspberrypi\>/, hostname }
-			f.each_line.map {|l| l.gsub /\<raspberrypi\>/, hostname }
+		dest.root.join( 'etc/hostname').write "#{hostname}\n"
-		end
-		msg :write, hostname, :to, 'etc/hostname'
-		dest.root.join( 'etc/hostname').open 'w' do |f|
-			f.puts hostname
-		end
 	end
 
 	def install_packages_from_dir *paths
@@ -368,7 +366,7 @@ EOF
 
 	def install_deb path
 		#sh.dpkg '--unpack', '--force-architecture', pn, chroot: dest.root
-		adeb = Pathname.new( 'var/cache/apt/archives')+path.basename.to_s
+		adeb = XPathname.new( 'var/cache/apt/archives')+path.basename.to_s
 		dest.root.join( adeb.to_s).copy path
 		sh.dpkg -:i, adeb, chroot: dest.root
 		#msg :unpack, path

lib/to_lvm_xfs/exts.rb

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 require 'pathname'
 
 class Pathname
-	alias +@ to_s
+	def +@
+		expand_path.to_s
+	end
 
 	def chdir &exe
 		Dir.chdir self.to_s, &exe
@@ -13,6 +15,14 @@ class Pathname
 		FileUtils.copy_file src.to_s, self.to_s, **opts
 	end
 
+	def symlink to
+		File.symlink to.to_s, to_s
+	end
+
+	def link to
+		File.link to.to_s, to_s
+	end
+
 	def replace_i
 		open 'r+' do |f|
 			lines = yield f
@@ -21,6 +31,67 @@ class Pathname
 			f.puts lines
 		end
 	end
+
+	def sed_i **replaces, &e
+		open 'r+' do |f|
+			lines = f.each_line.flat_map {|l| yield l.chomp, replaces }
+			f.truncate 0
+			f.pos = 0
+			f.puts lines
+			replaces.each {|_,rls| f.puts rls }
+		end
+	end
+end
+
+class XPathname < Pathname
+	%i[/ + join].each do |meth|
+		define_method meth do |*n|
+			XPathname.new "#{super *n}"
+		end
+	end
+
+	%i[unlink read].each do |meth|
+		define_method meth do |*a, &e|
+			STDERR.puts "\e[1;36m#{meth} \e[1;35m#{self}\e[0m"
+			super *a, &e
+		end
+	end
+
+	%i[replace_i sed_i].each do |meth|
+		define_method meth do |*a, &e|
+			STDERR.puts "\e[1;36mpatching \e[1;35m#{self}\e[0m"
+			super *a, &e
+		end
+	end
+
+	%i[link rename symlink].each do |meth|
+		define_method meth do |*a, &e|
+			STDERR.puts "\e[1;36m#{meth} \e[1;35m#{self}\e[0m -> #{a.map{|x|"\e[1;35m#{x}\e[0m"}.join ', '}"
+			super *a, &e
+		end
+	end
+
+	%i[move copy].each do |meth|
+		define_method meth do |*a, &e|
+			STDERR.puts "\e[1;36m#{meth} \e[1;35m#{self}\e[0m <- #{a.map{|x|"\e[1;35m#{x}\e[0m"}.join ', '}"
+			super *a, &e
+		end
+	end
+
+	%i[make_link make_symlink].each do |meth|
+		name = meth.to_s.sub /\Amake_/, ''
+		define_method meth do |*a, &e|
+			STDERR.puts "\e[1;36m#{name} \e[1;35m#{self}\e[0m -> #{a.map{|x|"\e[1;35m#{x}\e[0m"}.join ', '}"
+			super *a, &e
+		end
+	end
+
+	%i[write].each do |meth|
+		define_method meth do |*a, &e|
+			STDERR.puts "\e[1;36m#{meth} \e[1;35m#{self}\e[0m \e[1;35m#{a[0][0...128].inspect}\e[0m"
+			super *a, &e
+		end
+	end
 end
 
 class Symbol

lib/to_lvm_xfs/raspbian.rb

@@ -10,9 +10,23 @@ class Raspbian < Base
 		ENV['LANG'] = 'C'
 		mkmppaths
 
+		case
+		when !dest.image.exist?
+		when dest.image.file?
+			r = sh.losetup_list
+			unless r.empty? or r['loopdevices']
+				r['loopdevices'].each do |lo|
+					d "File #{dest.image} used as loop-device back-file",
+						+dest.image != +XPathname.new(lo['back-file'])
+				end
+			end
+		when dest.image.blockdev?, dest.image.chardev?
 			lsblk( dest.image).each do |l|
 				d "Device #{l[:name]} mounted at #{l[:mountpoint]}", ! l[:mountpoint]
 			end
+		end
+
+		sleep 5
 
 		d "Base image does not exist", base.image.exist?
 		base_parts = kpartx base.image
@@ -38,7 +52,7 @@ class Raspbian < Base
 					STDERR.puts l
 					sh.dmsetup :remove, File.basename(l[:name])  if 'lvm' == l[:type]
 					l[:name].start_with?( dest.image.to_s) and 'part' == l[:type]
-				end.map {|l| Pathname.new l[:name] }.sort
+				end.map {|l| XPathname.new l[:name] }.sort
 			rescue Sh::ProcessError
 				kpartx dest.image
 			end
@@ -46,8 +60,8 @@ class Raspbian < Base
 		dest_parts[0].open( 'w') {|f| f << 0.chr*4*1024*1024 }
 		dest_parts[1].open( 'w') {|f| f << 0.chr*4*1024*1024 }
 		sh.vgscan '--cache'
-		vgpath = Pathname.new( '/dev') + vgname
+		vgpath = XPathname.new( '/dev') + vgname
-		sh.pvcreate '-ff', dest_parts[1]
+		sh.pvcreate -:ff, dest_parts[1]
 		sh.vgcreate vgname, dest_parts[1]
 		sh.lvcreate -:nroot, '-L4.2G', vgname
 		sh.lvcreate -:nhome, '-L100M', vgname
@@ -56,7 +70,7 @@ class Raspbian < Base
 		sh.mkxfs -:Lroot, vgpath+'root'
 		sh.mkxfs -:Lhome, vgpath+'home'
 		mount vgpath+'root', dest.root
-		addmp = {}
+		addmp = {run_udev: dest.root+'run/udev'}
 		%i[home boot dev proc sys].each do |n|
 			d = addmp[n] = dest.root+n.to_s
 			d.mkdir
@@ -69,11 +83,10 @@ class Raspbian < Base
 		mount 'sysfs', addmp[:sys],  -:tsysfs
 
 		sh.rsync_all "#{base.root}/", dest.root
-		#sh.rsync *%w[kernel7.img initrd7.img], addmp[:boot]
 
+		install_authorized_keys
 		rename_user
 
-		msg :patch, 'etc/fstab'
 		(dest.root+'etc'+'fstab').replace_i do |f|
 			replace = {
 				'/'     => "UUID=#{sh.fs_uuid vgpath+'root'}  /      xfs   defaults,noatime  0  0",
@@ -86,25 +99,34 @@ class Raspbian < Base
 			end + replace.values
 		end
 
-		msg :patch, 'boot/config.txt'
 		(addmp[:boot]+'config.txt').replace_i do |f|
 			replace = {
-				initramfs: 'initramfs initrd7.img followkernel',
+				'pi4' => { initramfs: 'initramfs initrd7l.img followkernel', },
+				'pi3' => { initramfs: 'initramfs initrd7.img followkernel', },
+				'pi2' => { initramfs: 'initramfs initrd7.img followkernel', },
+				'pi1' => { initramfs: 'initramfs initrd.img followkernel', },
+				'pi0' => { initramfs: 'initramfs initrd.img followkernel', },
 			}
-			f.each_line.flat_map do |l|
+			blocks = [nil]
+			content =	Hash.new {|h,block| h[block] = [] }
+			block = nil
+			f.each_line do |l|
 				l.chomp!
 				case l
-				when /^initramfs /
+				when /\A\[([^\]]*)\]\z/
-					replace.delete :initramfs
+					block = $1
-				else l
+					blocks.push block
+				when /\Ainitramfs /
+					l = replace[block].delete :initramfs
 				end
-			end + replace.values
+				content[block].push l
+			end
+			replace.each {|block, rpl| content[block] += rpl.values + ['']  unless rpl.empty? }
+			blocks.flat_map {|block| content[block] }
 		end
 
-		msg :touch, 'boot/ssh'
+		(addmp[:boot]+'ssh').write ''
-		(addmp[:boot]+'ssh').open('w') {|f|}
 
-		msg :patch, 'boot/cmdline.txt'
 		(addmp[:boot]+'cmdline.txt').replace_i do |f|
 			lines = f.readlines
 			d "Only one line in cmdline.txt expected", 1 == lines.length
@@ -119,46 +141,58 @@ class Raspbian < Base
 			opts.map {|k,v| v ? "#{k}=#{v}" : "#{k}" }.join(' ')
 		end
 
-		msg :patch, 'etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf'
-		dest.root.join( 'etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf').replace_i do |f|
-			f.each_line.flat_map do |l|
-				l.chomp!
-				case l
-				when /^COMPRESS=/
-					'COMPRESS=xz'
-				when /^# *COMPRESS=/
-					[l, 'COMPRESS=xz']
-				else
-					l
-				end
-			end
-		end
-
-		set_hostname
-
-		msg :unlinking, 'etc/rc*.d/*resize2fs_once'
 		(dest.root+'etc').chdir do
-			Pathname.glob( 'rc*.d/*resize2fs_once').each do |fn|
+			XPathname.glob( 'rc*.d/*resize2fs_once').each do |fn|
 				fn.unlink
 			end
 		end
 
 		qemu_bin = dest.root.join 'usr/bin/qemu-arm-static'
-		msg :copy, "/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static"
 		qemu_bin.copy '/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static', preserve: true
 
+		preload, preload_x = dest.root+'etc/ld.so.preload', dest.root+'etc/ld.so.preload.tp'
+		preload.rename preload_x
+
 		ish = sh.chroot( dest.root).chdir( '/')
 		ish.apt :update
 		ish.apt :upgrade, -:y
 		ish.apt :update
-		ish.apt :install, -:y, :lvm2, :xfsprogs
+
+		# We mount /run/udev for lvm-scanning - vgs / vgcfgbackup need it to connect to udev.
+		addmp[:run_udev].mkdir
+		mount '/run/udev',  addmp[:run_udev],  --:bind
+
+		# prevent installing exim by installing nullmailer
+		#ish.apt :install, -:y, :lvm2, :xfsprogs, :nullmailer, :dracut
+		#dest.root.join( 'etc/dracut.conf.d/10-denkn.conf').open 'w' do |f|
+		#	f.puts 'add_modules+="lvm"'
+		#	f.puts 'add_drivers+="dm-mod xfs"'
+		#	f.puts 'compress="xz"'
+		#end
+
+		ish.apt :install, -:y, :lvm2, :xfsprogs, 'initramfs-tools'
+		dest.root.join( 'etc/initramfs-tools/initramfs.conf').replace_i do |f|
+			replace = { compress: 'COMPRESS=xz', }
+			f.each_line.flat_map do |l|
+				case l.chomp!
+				when /^COMPRESS=/    then replace.delete :compress
+				when /^# *COMPRESS=/ then [l, replace.delete( :compress)]
+				else l
+				end
+			end + replace.values
+		end
+
+		set_hostname
 
 		install_packages_from_dir(
-			Pathname.new($0).expand_path.dirname+'raspbian-files',
+			XPathname.new( $0).expand_path.dirname + 'raspbian-files',
-			Pathname.new('files')
+			XPathname.new( 'files')
 		)
 
 		# generates implicite initramfs
 		ish.system *%w[dpkg-reconfigure raspberrypi-kernel]
+
+		preload_x.rename preload
+		qemu_bin.unlink
 	end
 end

lib/to_lvm_xfs/sh.rb

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 require 'forwardable'
 require 'shellwords'
 require 'socket'
+require 'json'
 
 class Sh
 	class ForkError < RuntimeError
@@ -99,13 +100,14 @@ class Sh
 				if opts[:chroot]
 					STDERR.printf "\e[1;34mchroot(%s)\e[0m ", opts[:chroot].to_s
 					Dir.chroot opts[:chroot].to_s
+					Dir.chdir '/'
 				end
-				if @shell.opts[:pwd]
+				if @shell.opts[:dir]
-					STDERR.printf "%s ", @shell.opts[:pwd]
+					STDERR.printf "%s ", @shell.opts[:dir]
-					Dir.chdir @shell.opts[:pwd]
+					Dir.chdir @shell.opts[:dir]
 				end
 				#STDERR.puts "\e[0m#{opts[:return] ? '<=' : '#'} \e[33m#{cmd.shellescape} \e[35m#{usable_args.shelljoin}\e[0m"
-				STDERR.printf "\e[0m%s \e[33m%s \e[35m%s\e[0m\n",
+				STDERR.printf "\e[30;1m%s \e[0;33m%s \e[1;35m%s\e[0m\n",
 					opts[:return] ? '<=' : '#',
 					cmd.shellescape,
 					usable_args.shelljoin
@@ -132,7 +134,19 @@ class Sh
 			when :string
 				opts[:mode], exe = :io, lambda( &:read)
 			when :line
-				opts[:mode], exe = :io, lambda{|f|f.read.chomp}
+				opts[:mode], exe = :io, lambda {|f| f.read.chomp }
+			when :json
+				opts[:mode] = :io
+				if opts[:could_be_empty]
+					exe = lambda do |f|
+						r = f.read
+						r.empty? ? [] : JSON.parse( r)
+					end
+				else
+					exe = lambda {|f| JSON.parse f.read }
+				end
+			when :jsonl
+				opts[:mode], exe = :io, lambda {|f| f.each_line.map {|l| JSON.parse l } }
 			end
 			r = f = fork **opts
 			begin

lib/to_lvm_xfs/structs.rb

@@ -7,13 +7,13 @@ class Image
 		@dir =
 			case dir
 			when Pathname then dir
-			when String then Pathname.new dir
+			when String then XPathname.new dir
 			else raise ArgumentError, "Pathname for dir expected"
 			end
 		@image =
 			case image
 			when Pathname then image
-			when String then Pathname.new image
+			when String then XPathname.new image
 			when nil then @dir+'image'
 			else raise ArgumentError, "Pathname for image expected"
 			end
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class Image
 		@root =
 			case root
 			when Pathname then root
-			when String then Pathname.new root
+			when String then XPathname.new root
 			when nil then @dir+'root'
 			else raise ArgumentError, "Path for root must be Pathname, String or MP, if given"
 			end