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/*
* Copyright (c) 2007, Swedish Institute of Computer Science.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. Neither the name of the Institute nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE INSTITUTE AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE INSTITUTE OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* This file is part of the Contiki operating system.
*
* $Id: xmac.c,v 1.24 2009/02/15 22:05:06 adamdunkels Exp $
*/
/**
* \file
* A simple power saving MAC protocol based on X-MAC [SenSys 2006]
* \author
* Adam Dunkels <adam@sics.se>
*/
#include "sys/pt.h"
#include "net/mac/xmac.h"
#include "sys/rtimer.h"
#include "dev/leds.h"
#include "net/rime.h"
#include "net/rime/timesynch.h"
#include "dev/radio.h"
#include "dev/watchdog.h"
#include "lib/random.h"
#include "sys/timetable.h"
#include "contiki-conf.h"
#include <string.h>
#if CHAMELEON
#include "net/chameleon/packattr.h"
#endif
#define WITH_TIMETABLE 0
#define WITH_CHANNEL_CHECK 0 /* Seems to work badly when enabled */
#define WITH_TIMESYNCH 0
#define WITH_QUEUE 0
struct announcement_data {
uint16_t id;
uint16_t value;
};
/* The maximum number of announcements in a single announcement
message - may need to be increased in the future. */
#define ANNOUNCEMENT_MAX 10
/* The length of the header of the announcement message, i.e., the
"num" field in the struct. */
#define ANNOUNCEMENT_MSG_HEADERLEN 2
/* The structure of the announcement messages. */
struct announcement_msg {
uint16_t num;
struct announcement_data data[ANNOUNCEMENT_MAX];
};
#define TYPE_STROBE 0
#define TYPE_DATA 1
#define TYPE_ANNOUNCEMENT 2
struct xmac_hdr {
uint16_t type;
rimeaddr_t sender;
rimeaddr_t receiver;
};
#ifdef XMAC_CONF_ON_TIME
#define DEFAULT_ON_TIME (XMAC_CONF_ON_TIME)
#else
#define DEFAULT_ON_TIME (RTIMER_ARCH_SECOND / 200)
#endif
#ifdef XMAC_CONF_OFF_TIME
#define DEFAULT_OFF_TIME (XMAC_CONF_OFF_TIME)
#else
#define DEFAULT_OFF_TIME (RTIMER_ARCH_SECOND / 2 - DEFAULT_ON_TIME)
#endif
/* The cycle time for announcements. */
#define ANNOUNCEMENT_PERIOD 4 * CLOCK_SECOND
/* The time before sending an announcement within one announcement
cycle. */
#define ANNOUNCEMENT_TIME (random_rand() % (ANNOUNCEMENT_PERIOD))
#define DEFAULT_STROBE_WAIT_TIME (7 * DEFAULT_ON_TIME / 8)
struct xmac_config xmac_config = {
DEFAULT_ON_TIME,
DEFAULT_OFF_TIME,
20 * DEFAULT_ON_TIME + DEFAULT_OFF_TIME,
DEFAULT_STROBE_WAIT_TIME
};
#include <stdio.h>
static struct rtimer rt;
static struct pt pt;
static int xmac_is_on = 0;
static volatile unsigned char waiting_for_packet = 0;
static volatile unsigned char someone_is_sending = 0;
static volatile unsigned char we_are_sending = 0;
static volatile unsigned char radio_is_on = 0;
static const struct radio_driver *radio;
#undef LEDS_ON
#undef LEDS_OFF
#undef LEDS_TOGGLE
#define CPRINTF(...)
#define BB_SET(x,y)
#define BB_INC(x,y)
/* #define BB_SET(x,y) bb_set(x,y) */
/* #define BB_INC(x,y) bb_inc(x,y) */
#define LEDS_ON(x) leds_on(x)
#define LEDS_OFF(x) leds_off(x)
#define LEDS_TOGGLE(x) leds_toggle(x)
#define DEBUG 0
#if DEBUG
#include <stdio.h>
#define PRINTF(...) printf(__VA_ARGS__)
#else
#undef LEDS_ON
#undef LEDS_OFF
#undef LEDS_TOGGLE
#define LEDS_ON(x)
#define LEDS_OFF(x)
#define LEDS_TOGGLE(x)
#define PRINTF(...)
#endif
#if XMAC_CONF_ANNOUNCEMENTS
/* Timers for keeping track of when to send announcements. */
static struct ctimer announcement_cycle_ctimer, announcement_ctimer;
#endif /* XMAC_CONF_ANNOUNCEMENTS */
/* Flag that is used to keep track of whether or not we are listening
for announcements from neighbors. */
static uint8_t is_listening;
static void (* receiver_callback)(const struct mac_driver *);
#if WITH_TIMETABLE
#define xmac_timetable_size 1024
TIMETABLE_NONSTATIC(xmac_timetable);
#endif /* WITH_TIMETABLE */
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static void
set_receive_function(void (* recv)(const struct mac_driver *))
{
receiver_callback = recv;
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static void
on(void)
{
if(xmac_is_on && radio_is_on == 0) {
radio_is_on = 1;
radio->on();
LEDS_ON(LEDS_RED);
CPRINTF("/");
#if WITH_TIMETABLE
TIMETABLE_TIMESTAMP(xmac_timetable, "on");
#endif
}
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static void
off(void)
{
if(xmac_is_on && radio_is_on != 0 && is_listening == 0) {
radio_is_on = 0;
radio->off();
#if WITH_TIMETABLE
TIMETABLE_TIMESTAMP(xmac_timetable, "off");
#endif
LEDS_OFF(LEDS_RED);
CPRINTF("\\");
}
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static char
powercycle(struct rtimer *t, void *ptr)
{
int r;
#if WITH_TIMESYNCH
rtimer_clock_t should_be, adjust;
#endif /* WITH_TIMESYNCH */
CPRINTF("*");
PT_BEGIN(&pt);
while(1) {
/* Only wait for some cycles to pass for someone to start sending */
if(someone_is_sending > 0) {
someone_is_sending--;
}
if(xmac_config.off_time > 0) {
if(waiting_for_packet == 0) {
if(we_are_sending == 0) {
off();
}
} else {
waiting_for_packet++;
if(waiting_for_packet > 2) {
/* We should not be awake for more than two consecutive
power cycles without having heard a packet, so we turn off
the radio. */
waiting_for_packet = 0;
#if WITH_TIMETABLE
TIMETABLE_TIMESTAMP(xmac_timetable, "off waiting");
#endif
off();
}
}
#if WITH_TIMESYNCH
#define NUM_SLOTS 8
should_be = ((timesynch_rtimer_to_time(RTIMER_TIME(t)) +
xmac_config.off_time) &
~(xmac_config.off_time + xmac_config.on_time - 1)) +
(rimeaddr_node_addr.u8[0] % NUM_SLOTS *
((xmac_config.off_time + xmac_config.on_time) / NUM_SLOTS));
should_be = timesynch_time_to_rtimer(should_be);
if(should_be - RTIMER_TIME(t) > xmac_config.off_time) {
adjust = xmac_config.off_time / 2;
} else {
adjust = should_be - RTIMER_TIME(t);
}
r = rtimer_set(t, RTIMER_TIME(t) + adjust, 1,
(void (*)(struct rtimer *, void *))powercycle, ptr);
#else /* WITH_TIMESYNCH */
r = rtimer_set(t, RTIMER_TIME(t) + xmac_config.off_time, 1,
(void (*)(struct rtimer *, void *))powercycle, ptr);
#endif /* WITH_TIMESYNCH */
if(r) {
PRINTF("xmac: 1 could not set rtimer %d\n", r);
}
PT_YIELD(&pt);
}
if(we_are_sending == 0 &&
waiting_for_packet == 0) {
on();
}
r = rtimer_set(t, RTIMER_TIME(t) + xmac_config.on_time, 1,
(void (*)(struct rtimer *, void *))powercycle, ptr);
if(r) {
PRINTF("xmac: 3 could not set rtimer %d\n", r);
}
PT_YIELD(&pt);
}
PT_END(&pt);
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#if XMAC_CONF_ANNOUNCEMENTS
static int
parse_announcements(rimeaddr_t *from)
{
/* Parse incoming announcements */
struct announcement_msg *adata = rimebuf_dataptr();
int i;
PRINTF("%d.%d: probe from %d.%d with %d announcements\n",
rimeaddr_node_addr.u8[0], rimeaddr_node_addr.u8[1],
hdr->sender.u8[0], hdr->sender.u8[1], adata->num);
for(i = 0; i < adata->num; ++i) {
PRINTF("%d.%d: announcement %d: %d\n",
rimeaddr_node_addr.u8[0], rimeaddr_node_addr.u8[1],
adata->data[i].id,
adata->data[i].value);
announcement_heard(from,
adata->data[i].id,
adata->data[i].value);
}
return i;
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static int
format_announcement(char *hdr)
{
struct announcement_msg *adata;
struct announcement *a;
/* Construct the announcements */
adata = (struct announcement_msg *)hdr;
adata->num = 0;
for(a = announcement_list();
a != NULL && adata->num < ANNOUNCEMENT_MAX;
a = a->next) {
adata->data[adata->num].id = a->id;
adata->data[adata->num].value = a->value;
adata->num++;
}
return ANNOUNCEMENT_MSG_HEADERLEN +
sizeof(struct announcement_data) * adata->num;
}
#endif /* XMAC_CONF_ANNOUNCEMENTS */
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static int
send_packet(void)
{
rtimer_clock_t t0;
rtimer_clock_t t;
int strobes;
struct xmac_hdr hdr;
int got_ack = 0;
struct {
struct xmac_hdr hdr;
struct announcement_msg announcement;
} strobe;
int len;
int is_broadcast = 0;
#if WITH_TIMETABLE
TIMETABLE_TIMESTAMP(xmac_timetable, "send");
#endif
#if WITH_CHANNEL_CHECK
/* Check if there are other strobes in the air. */
waiting_for_packet = 1;
on();
t0 = RTIMER_NOW();
while(RTIMER_CLOCK_LT(RTIMER_NOW(), t0 + xmac_config.strobe_wait_time * 2)) {
len = radio->read(&strobe.hdr, sizeof(strobe.hdr));
if(len > 0) {
someone_is_sending = 1;
}
}
waiting_for_packet = 0;
while(someone_is_sending); /* {printf("z");}*/
#if WITH_TIMETABLE
TIMETABLE_TIMESTAMP(xmac_timetable, "send 2");
#endif /* WITH_TIMETABLE */
#endif /* WITH_CHANNEL_CHECK */
/* By setting we_are_sending to one, we ensure that the rtimer
powercycle interrupt do not interfere with us sending the packet. */
we_are_sending = 1;
off();
/* Create the X-MAC header for the data packet. We cannot do this
in-place in the packet buffer, because we cannot be sure of the
alignment of the header in the packet buffer. */
hdr.type = TYPE_DATA;
rimeaddr_copy(&hdr.sender, &rimeaddr_node_addr);
rimeaddr_copy(&hdr.receiver, rimebuf_addr(RIMEBUF_ADDR_RECEIVER));
if(rimeaddr_cmp(&hdr.receiver, &rimeaddr_null)) {
is_broadcast = 1;
}
/* Copy the X-MAC header to the header portion of the packet
buffer. */
rimebuf_hdralloc(sizeof(struct xmac_hdr));
memcpy(rimebuf_hdrptr(), &hdr, sizeof(struct xmac_hdr));
rimebuf_compact();
t0 = RTIMER_NOW();
strobes = 0;
BB_SET(XMAC_RECEIVER, hdr->receiver.u16[0]);
LEDS_ON(LEDS_BLUE);
/* Send a train of strobes until the receiver answers with an ACK. */
/* Turn on the radio to listen for the strobe ACK. */
if(!is_broadcast) {
on();
}
watchdog_stop();
got_ack = 0;
for(strobes = 0;
got_ack == 0 &&
RTIMER_CLOCK_LT(RTIMER_NOW(), t0 + xmac_config.strobe_time);
strobes++) {
t = RTIMER_NOW();
strobe.hdr.type = TYPE_STROBE;
rimeaddr_copy(&strobe.hdr.sender, &rimeaddr_node_addr);
rimeaddr_copy(&strobe.hdr.receiver, rimebuf_addr(RIMEBUF_ADDR_RECEIVER));
#if WITH_TIMETABLE
if(rimeaddr_cmp(&strobe.hdr.receiver, &rimeaddr_null)) {
TIMETABLE_TIMESTAMP(xmac_timetable, "send broadcast strobe");
} else {
TIMETABLE_TIMESTAMP(xmac_timetable, "send strobe");
}
#endif
/* Send the strobe packet. */
radio->send((const uint8_t *)&strobe, sizeof(struct xmac_hdr));
CPRINTF("+");
while(got_ack == 0 &&
RTIMER_CLOCK_LT(RTIMER_NOW(), t + xmac_config.strobe_wait_time)) {
/* See if we got an ACK */
len = radio->read((uint8_t *)&strobe, sizeof(struct xmac_hdr));
if(len > 0) {
CPRINTF("_");
if(rimeaddr_cmp(&strobe.hdr.sender, &rimeaddr_node_addr) &&
rimeaddr_cmp(&strobe.hdr.receiver, &rimeaddr_node_addr)) {
#if WITH_TIMETABLE
TIMETABLE_TIMESTAMP(xmac_timetable, "send ack received");
#endif
CPRINTF("@");
/* We got an ACK from the receiver, so we can immediately send
the packet. */
got_ack = 1;
}
}
}
/* XXX: turn off radio if we haven't heard an ACK within a
specified time interval. */
/* if(got_ack == 0) {
off();
while(RTIMER_CLOCK_LT(RTIMER_NOW(), t + xmac_config.strobe_wait_time));
on();
}*/
}
if(got_ack /* XXX && needs_ack */) {
#if WITH_TIMETABLE
TIMETABLE_TIMESTAMP(xmac_timetable, "send got ack");
#endif
on(); /* Wait for possible ACK packet */
} else if(!is_broadcast) {
#if WITH_TIMETABLE
TIMETABLE_TIMESTAMP(xmac_timetable, "send no ack received");
#endif
on(); /* shell ping don't seem to work with off() here, so we'll
keep it on() for a while. */
}
/* Send the data packet. */
if(is_broadcast || got_ack) {
#if WITH_TIMETABLE
TIMETABLE_TIMESTAMP(xmac_timetable, "send packet");
#endif
radio->send(rimebuf_hdrptr(), rimebuf_totlen());
CPRINTF("#");
}
watchdog_start();
PRINTF("xmac: send (strobes=%u,len=%u,%s), done\n", strobes,
rimebuf_totlen(), got_ack ? "ack" : "no ack");
BB_SET(XMAC_STROBES, strobes);
if(got_ack) {
BB_INC(XMAC_SEND_WITH_ACK, 1);
} else {
BB_INC(XMAC_SEND_WITH_NOACK, 1);
}
/* printf("Strobe %d got_ack %d\n", strobes, got_ack);*/
we_are_sending = 0;
#if WITH_TIMETABLE
TIMETABLE_TIMESTAMP(xmac_timetable, "send we_are_sending = 0");
#endif
LEDS_OFF(LEDS_BLUE);
return 1;
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static struct queuebuf *queued_packet;
static int
qsend_packet(void)
{
if(someone_is_sending) {
PRINTF("xmac: should queue packet, now just dropping %d %d %d %d.\n",
waiting_for_packet, someone_is_sending, we_are_sending, radio_is_on);
if(queued_packet != NULL) {
RIMESTATS_ADD(sendingdrop);
return 0;
} else {
#if WITH_QUEUE
queued_packet = queuebuf_new_from_rimebuf();
return 1;
#else
RIMESTATS_ADD(sendingdrop);
return 0;
#endif
}
} else {
PRINTF("xmac: send immediately.\n");
return send_packet();
}
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static void
input_packet(const struct radio_driver *d)
{
if(receiver_callback) {
receiver_callback(&xmac_driver);
}
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static int
read_packet(void)
{
struct xmac_hdr *hdr;
uint8_t len;
rimebuf_clear();
len = radio->read(rimebuf_dataptr(), RIMEBUF_SIZE);
if(len > 0) {
rimebuf_set_datalen(len);
hdr = rimebuf_dataptr();
rimebuf_hdrreduce(sizeof(struct xmac_hdr));
if(hdr->type == TYPE_STROBE) {
CPRINTF(".");
/* There is no data in the packet so it has to be a strobe. */
someone_is_sending = 2;
if(rimeaddr_cmp(&hdr->receiver, &rimeaddr_node_addr)) {
/* This is a strobe packet for us. */
if(rimeaddr_cmp(&hdr->sender, &rimeaddr_node_addr)) {
/* If the sender address is our node address, the strobe is
a stray strobe ACK to us, which we ignore unless we are
currently sending a packet. */
CPRINTF("&");
someone_is_sending = 0;
} else {
struct xmac_hdr msg;
/* If the sender address is someone else, we should
acknowledge the strobe and wait for the packet. By using
the same address as both sender and receiver, we flag the
message is a strobe ack. */
#if WITH_TIMETABLE
TIMETABLE_TIMESTAMP(xmac_timetable, "read send ack");
#endif
rimeaddr_copy(&msg.receiver, &hdr->sender);
rimeaddr_copy(&msg.sender, &hdr->sender);
CPRINTF("!");
/* We turn on the radio in anticipation of the incoming
packet. */
someone_is_sending = 1;
waiting_for_packet = 1;
on();
radio->send((const uint8_t *)&msg, sizeof(struct xmac_hdr));
}
} else if(rimeaddr_cmp(&hdr->receiver, &rimeaddr_null)) {
/* If the receiver address is null, the strobe is sent to
prepare for an incoming broadcast packet. If this is the
case, we turn on the radio and wait for the incoming
broadcast packet. */
waiting_for_packet = 1;
on();
}
/* Check for annoucements in the strobe */
/* if(rimebuf_datalen() > 0) {
parse_announcements(&hdr->sender);
}*/
/* We are done processing the strobe and we therefore return
to the caller. */
return RIME_OK;
} else if(hdr->type == TYPE_DATA) {
CPRINTF("-");
someone_is_sending = 0;
if(rimeaddr_cmp(&hdr->receiver, &rimeaddr_node_addr) ||
rimeaddr_cmp(&hdr->receiver, &rimeaddr_null)) {
#if WITH_TIMETABLE
TIMETABLE_TIMESTAMP(xmac_timetable, "read got packet");
#endif
/* This is a regular packet that is destined to us or to the
broadcast address. */
/* We have received the final packet, so we can go back to being
asleep. */
off();
waiting_for_packet = 0;
/* XXX should set timer to send queued packet later. */
if(queued_packet != NULL) {
queuebuf_free(queued_packet);
queued_packet = NULL;
}
return rimebuf_totlen();
}
#if XMAC_CONF_ANNOUNCEMENTS
} else if(hdr->type == TYPE_ANNOUNCEMENT) {
parse_announcements(&hdr->sender);
#endif /* XMAC_CONF_ANNOUNCEMENTS */
}
}
return 0;
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#if XMAC_CONF_ANNOUNCEMENTS
static void
send_announcement(void *ptr)
{
struct xmac_hdr *hdr;
int announcement_len;
/* Set up the probe header. */
rimebuf_clear();
rimebuf_set_datalen(sizeof(struct xmac_hdr));
hdr = rimebuf_dataptr();
hdr->type = TYPE_ANNOUNCEMENT;
rimeaddr_copy(&hdr->sender, &rimeaddr_node_addr);
rimeaddr_copy(&hdr->receiver, &rimeaddr_null);
announcement_len = format_announcement((char *)hdr +
sizeof(struct xmac_hdr));
rimebuf_set_datalen(sizeof(struct xmac_hdr) + announcement_len);
/* PRINTF("Sending probe\n");*/
radio->send(rimebuf_hdrptr(), rimebuf_totlen());
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static void
cycle_announcement(void *ptr)
{
ctimer_set(&announcement_ctimer, ANNOUNCEMENT_TIME,
send_announcement, NULL);
ctimer_set(&announcement_cycle_ctimer, ANNOUNCEMENT_PERIOD,
cycle_announcement, NULL);
if(is_listening > 0) {
is_listening--;
}
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static void
listen_callback(int periods)
{
is_listening = periods + 1;
}
#endif /* XMAC_CONF_ANNOUNCEMENTS */
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
const struct mac_driver *
xmac_init(const struct radio_driver *d)
{
#if WITH_TIMETABLE
timetable_clear(&xmac_timetable);
#endif
radio_is_on = 0;
waiting_for_packet = 0;
PT_INIT(&pt);
rtimer_set(&rt, RTIMER_NOW() + xmac_config.off_time, 1,
(void (*)(struct rtimer *, void *))powercycle, NULL);
xmac_is_on = 1;
radio = d;
radio->set_receive_function(input_packet);
BB_SET("xmac.state_addr", (int) &waiting_for_packet);
BB_SET(XMAC_RECEIVER, 0);
BB_SET(XMAC_STROBES, 0);
BB_SET(XMAC_SEND_WITH_ACK, 0);
BB_SET(XMAC_SEND_WITH_NOACK, 0);
#if XMAC_CONF_ANNOUNCEMENTS
announcement_register_listen_callback(listen_callback);
ctimer_set(&announcement_cycle_ctimer, ANNOUNCEMENT_TIME,
cycle_announcement, NULL);
#endif /* XMAC_CONF_ANNOUNCEMENTS */
return &xmac_driver;
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static int
turn_on(void)
{
xmac_is_on = 1;
return 1;
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
static int
turn_off(int keep_radio_on)
{
xmac_is_on = 0;
if(keep_radio_on) {
return radio->on();
} else {
return radio->off();
}
}
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
const struct mac_driver xmac_driver =
{
"X-MAC",
qsend_packet,
read_packet,
set_receive_function,
turn_on,
turn_off
};
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