/*
* Copyright (c) 2010, Swedish Institute of Computer Science.
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. Neither the name of the Institute nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE INSTITUTE AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
* ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE INSTITUTE OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
* OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
* HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
* LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
* OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
* SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* This file is part of the Contiki operating system.
*
* Author: Joakim Eriksson, Nicolas Tsiftes
*
* $Id: rpl.h,v 1.20 2010/09/15 13:22:23 nvt-se Exp $
*/
#ifndef RPL_H
#define RPL_H
/*
* ContikiRPL - an implementation of the routing protocol for low power and
* lossy networks. See: draft-ietf-roll-rpl-09.
*
* --
* The DIOs handle prefix information option for setting global IP addresses
* on the nodes, but the current handling is not awaiting the join of the DAG
* so it does not currently support multiple DAGs.
*/
#include "lib/list.h"
#include "net/uip.h"
#include "sys/clock.h"
#include "sys/ctimer.h"
#include "net/uip-ds6.h"
/* set to 1 for some statistics on trickle / DIO */
#ifndef RPL_CONF_STATS
#define RPL_CONF_STATS 1
#endif /* RPL_CONF_STATS */
/* The RPL Codes for the message types */
#define RPL_CODE_DIS 0 /* DIS message */
#define RPL_CODE_DIO 1 /* DIO message */
#define RPL_CODE_DAO 2 /* DAO message */
#define RPL_CODE_DAO_ACK 3 /* DAO ACK message */
#define RPL_CODE_SEC_DIS 0x80 /* DIS message */
#define RPL_CODE_SEC_DIO 0x81 /* DIO message */
#define RPL_CODE_SEC_DAO 0x82 /* DAO message */
#define RPL_CODE_SEC_DAO_ACK 0x83 /* DAO ACK message */
/* RPL DIO/DAO suboption types */
#define RPL_DIO_SUBOPT_PAD1 0 /* Pad1 */
#define RPL_DIO_SUBOPT_PADN 1 /* PadN */
#define RPL_DIO_SUBOPT_DAG_MC 2 /* DAG metric container */
#define RPL_DIO_SUBOPT_ROUTE_INFO 3 /* Route information */
#define RPL_DIO_SUBOPT_DAG_CONF 4 /* DAG configuration */
#define RPL_DIO_SUBOPT_TARGET 5 /* Target */
#define RPL_DIO_SUBOPT_TRANSIT 6 /* Transit information */
#define RPL_DIO_SUBOPT_SOLICITED_INFO 7 /* Solicited information */
#define RPL_DIO_SUBOPT_PREFIX_INFO 8 /* Prefix information option */
#define RPL_DAO_K_FLAG 0x80 /* DAO ACK requested */
#define RPL_DAO_D_FLAG 0x40 /* DODAG ID Present */
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Default values for RPL constants and variables. */
#define DEFAULT_DAO_LATENCY (CLOCK_SECOND * (1 + (random_rand() & 0xf)))
/* Special value indicating immediate removal. */
#define ZERO_LIFETIME 0
/* Special value indicating that a DAO should not expire. */
#define INFINITE_LIFETIME 0xffffffff
/* Default route lifetime in seconds. */
#define DEFAULT_ROUTE_LIFETIME INFINITE_LIFETIME
#define DEFAULT_MIN_HOPRANKINC 256
#define DEFAULT_MAX_RANKINC 3*DEFAULT_MIN_HOPRANKINC
#define DAG_RANK(fixpt_rank, dag) ((fixpt_rank) / dag->min_hoprankinc)
/* Rank of a node outside the LLN. */
#define BASE_RANK 0
/* Rank of a root node. */
#define ROOT_RANK DEFAULT_MIN_HOPRANKINC
#define INFINITE_RANK 0xffff
#define RPL_DEFAULT_INSTANCE 0
#define RPL_ANY_INSTANCE -1
#define RPL_DEFAULT_OCP 1
/* Represents 2^n ms. */
#define DEFAULT_DIO_INTERVAL_MIN 12
/* Maximum amount of timer doublings. */
#define DEFAULT_DIO_INTERVAL_DOUBLINGS 8
/* Desired DIO redundancy. */
#define DEFAULT_DIO_REDUNDANCY 10
/* Expire DAOs from neighbors that do not respond in this time. (seconds) */
#define DAO_EXPIRATION_TIMEOUT 60
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#define RPL_INSTANCE_LOCAL_FLAG 0x80
#define RPL_INSTANCE_D_FLAG 0x40
#define RPL_ROUTE_FROM_INTERNAL 0
#define RPL_ROUTE_FROM_UNICAST_DAO 1
#define RPL_ROUTE_FROM_MULTICAST_DAO 2
#define RPL_ROUTE_FROM_DIO 3
/* DAG Metric Container Object Types, to be confirmed by IANA. */
#define RPL_DAG_MC_NSA 1
#define RPL_DAG_MC_NE 2
#define RPL_DAG_MC_HC 3
#define RPL_DAG_MC_THROUGHPUT 4
#define RPL_DAG_MC_LATENCY 5
#define RPL_DAG_MC_LQL 6
#define RPL_DAG_MC_ETX 7
#define RPL_DAG_MC_LC 8
/* DIS related */
#define RPL_DIS_SEND 1
#define RPL_DIS_INTERVAL 60
#define RPL_DIS_START_DELAY 5
typedef uint16_t rpl_rank_t;
typedef uint16_t rpl_ocp_t;
struct rpl_parent {
struct rpl_parent *next;
void *dag;
uip_ipaddr_t addr;
rpl_rank_t rank;
uint8_t local_confidence;
uint8_t dtsn;
uint8_t updated;
};
typedef struct rpl_parent rpl_parent_t;
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/*
* API for RPL objective functions (OF)
*
* reset(dag)
*
* Resets the objective function state for a specific DAG. This function is
* called when doing a global repair on the DAG.
*
* parent_state_callback(parent, known, etx)
*
* Receives link-layer neighbor information. The parameter "known" is set
* either to 0 or 1. The "etx" parameter specifies the current
* ETX(estimated transmissions) for the neighbor.
*
* best_parent(parent1, parent2)
*
* Compares two parents and returns the best one, according to the OF.
*
* calculate_rank(parent, base_rank)
*
* Calculates a rank value using the parent rank and a base rank.
* If "parent" is NULL, the objective function selects a default increment
* that is adds to the "base_rank". Otherwise, the OF uses information known
* about "parent" to select an increment to the "base_rank".
*/
struct rpl_of {
void (*reset)(void *);
void (*parent_state_callback)(rpl_parent_t *, int, int);
rpl_parent_t *(*best_parent)(rpl_parent_t *, rpl_parent_t *);
rpl_rank_t (*calculate_rank)(rpl_parent_t *, rpl_rank_t);
rpl_ocp_t ocp;
};
typedef struct rpl_of rpl_of_t;
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* RPL DIO prefix suboption */
struct rpl_prefix {
uip_ipaddr_t prefix;
uint32_t lifetime;
uint8_t length;
uint8_t flags;
};
typedef struct rpl_prefix rpl_prefix_t;
/* Logical representation of a DAG Information Object (DIO.) */
struct rpl_dio {
uip_ipaddr_t dag_id;
rpl_ocp_t ocp;
rpl_rank_t rank;
uint8_t grounded;
uint8_t dst_adv_trigger;
uint8_t dst_adv_supported;
uint8_t preference;
uint8_t version;
uint8_t instance_id;
uint8_t dtsn;
uint8_t dag_intdoubl;
uint8_t dag_intmin;
uint8_t dag_redund;
rpl_rank_t dag_max_rankinc;
rpl_rank_t dag_min_hoprankinc;
rpl_prefix_t destination_prefix;
rpl_prefix_t prefix_info;
};
typedef struct rpl_dio rpl_dio_t;
/* Directed Acyclic Graph */
struct rpl_dag {
/* DAG configuration */
rpl_of_t *of;
uip_ipaddr_t dag_id;
/* The current default router - used for routing "upwards" */
uip_ds6_defrt_t *def_route;
rpl_rank_t rank;
rpl_rank_t min_rank; /* should be reset per DODAG iteration! */
uint8_t dtsn_out;
uint8_t instance_id;
uint8_t version;
uint8_t preference;
uint8_t grounded;
uint8_t dio_intdoubl;
uint8_t dio_intmin;
uint8_t dio_redundancy;
rpl_rank_t max_rankinc;
rpl_rank_t min_hoprankinc;
uint8_t used;
/* live data for the DAG */
uint8_t joined;
uint8_t dio_intcurrent;
uint8_t dio_send; /* for keeping track of which mode the timer is in */
uint8_t dio_counter;
#if RPL_CONF_STATS
uint16_t dio_totint;
uint16_t dio_totsend;
uint16_t dio_totrecv;
#endif /* RPL_CONF_STATS */
uint16_t dio_next_delay; /* delay for completion of dio interval */
struct ctimer dio_timer;
struct ctimer dao_timer;
rpl_parent_t *preferred_parent;
void *parent_list;
list_t parents;
rpl_prefix_t prefix_info;
};
typedef struct rpl_dag rpl_dag_t;
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* RPL macros. */
#define RPL_PARENT_COUNT(dag) list_length((dag)->parents)
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* ICMPv6 functions for RPL. */
void dis_output(uip_ipaddr_t *addr);
void dio_output(rpl_dag_t *, uip_ipaddr_t *uc_addr);
void dao_output(rpl_parent_t *, uint32_t lifetime);
void dao_ack_output(rpl_dag_t *, uip_ipaddr_t *, uint8_t);
void uip_rpl_input(void);
/* RPL logic functions. */
rpl_dag_t *rpl_set_root(uip_ipaddr_t *);
int rpl_set_prefix(rpl_dag_t *dag, uip_ipaddr_t *prefix, int len);
int rpl_repair_dag(rpl_dag_t *dag);
int rpl_set_default_route(rpl_dag_t *dag, uip_ipaddr_t *from);
void rpl_process_dio(uip_ipaddr_t *, rpl_dio_t *);
int rpl_process_parent_event(rpl_dag_t *, rpl_parent_t *);
/* DAG allocation and deallocation. */
rpl_dag_t *rpl_alloc_dag(uint8_t);
void rpl_free_dag(rpl_dag_t *);
/* DAG parent management function. */
rpl_parent_t *rpl_add_parent(rpl_dag_t *, rpl_dio_t *dio, uip_ipaddr_t *);
rpl_parent_t *rpl_find_parent(rpl_dag_t *, uip_ipaddr_t *);
int rpl_remove_parent(rpl_dag_t *, rpl_parent_t *);
rpl_parent_t *rpl_select_parent(rpl_dag_t *dag);
void rpl_recalculate_ranks(void);
void rpl_join_dag(rpl_dag_t *);
rpl_dag_t *rpl_get_dag(int instance_id);
rpl_dag_t *rpl_find_dag(unsigned char aucIndex);
/* RPL routing table functions. */
void rpl_remove_routes(rpl_dag_t *dag);
uip_ds6_route_t *rpl_add_route(rpl_dag_t *dag, uip_ipaddr_t *prefix,
int prefix_len, uip_ipaddr_t *next_hop);
void rpl_purge_routes(void);
/* Objective function. */
rpl_of_t *rpl_find_of(rpl_ocp_t);
/* Timer functions. */
void rpl_schedule_dao(rpl_dag_t *);
void rpl_reset_dio_timer(rpl_dag_t *, uint8_t);
void rpl_reset_periodic_timer(void);
/* Route poisoning. */
void rpl_poison_routes(rpl_dag_t *, rpl_parent_t *);
/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
void rpl_init(void);
#endif /* RPL_H */