This patch adds gpio-pcal9535a.c and gpio-pcal9535a.h files,
which support access to I2C-based PCAL9535A GPIO controller
configuration register through a function interface.
The PCAL9535A is a low-voltage 16-bit GPIO expander with interrupt
and reset for I2C-bus/SMBus applications. It contains the PCA9535
register set of four pairs of 8-bit Configuration, Input, Output,
and Polarity Inversion registers, and additionally, the PCAL9535A has
Agile I/O, which are additional features specifically designed to
enhance the I/O. More about PCAL9535A can be found in its datasheet[1].
This driver is needed in order to configure Galileo pinmux.
[1] - http://www.nxp.com/documents/data_sheet/PCAL9535A.pdf
This patch modifies the include order to include headers from newlib
ahead of those from the core of Contiki. The only header file names
that are common between Contiki and newlib are assert.h and config.h,
but the config.h files in Contiki are only located in ports for other
CPUs so they are irrelevant to this patch. The motivation for this
patch is to cause files that include assert.h to include the one from
newlib that halts when an assertion fails. The assert implementation
in the core of Contiki does not halt when an assertion fails.
This patch also adds newlib syscall stubs that are required by the
newlib assert implementation and the _exit syscall function that halts
the system.
Finally, this patch updates some other newlib syscall stubs to
properly indicate their status as unsupported syscalls.
This patch removes 'newlib-syscalls.c' from CONTIKI_SOURCEFILES variable
and appends it to PROJECT_SOURCEFILES. This way the buildsystem will
automatically consider the newlib-syscalls object code during linking
time.
This patch enhances build_newlib.sh to create Makefile.libc so that
the main Galileo makefile can attempt to include Makefile.libc and
instruct the developer to run build_newlib.sh first if the definition
within Makefile.libc is not detected.
This patch moves the compiler and linking options related to QuarkX1000
SoC to Makefile.x86_quarkX1000 since it is more suitable. For instance,
'-m32' should be used in any platform based on QuarkX1000, not only
Galileo. The same rationale applies for the others options (e.g. -march,
mtune).
The CFLAGS setting used for the newlib build process includes
"-mtune=i586" as does the ASFLAGS setting used for the Contiki build
process. However, the CFLAGS setting used for the Contiki build
process did not include that flag. This patch adds it for
consistency.
Ubuntu enables GCC's stack protector by default (see
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Security/Features). This causes link errors
like the following:
...undefined reference to `__stack_chk_fail'
To avoid these errors, this patch adds the "-fno-stack-protector" flag
to both the CFLAGS used by the Contiki build process and the CFLAGS
used by the newlib build process.
This is a refactoring patch, no functionality is changed. It moves
loader.S and galileo.ld from platform/galileo/ to cpu/x86/ directory
since they seem to be more SoC-specific than platform-specific.
It also renames galileo.ld to quarkX1000.ld since it can be used by
any platform based on Quark X1000 SoC, not only Galileo.
Furthermore, this patch also renames loader.S to bootstrap_quarkX1000.S
since it is pretty much a bootstrap code to any platform based on Quark
X1000 SoC.
Now the cpu/x86/ provides a Makefile.x86_common and a
Makefile.x86_pc. The former includes the common Makefile
and adds legacy pc specific implementations (currently,
drivers only) into the building context, while the latter
has everything that defines the bootstrap of a x86 CPU.
This commit also fixes platform/galileo/ so it includes the
correct makefile - Makefile.x86_quarkX1000. Galileo uses
a Quark X1000 SoC which is not an IBM Generic PC-like CPU,
but it does provide most of a PCs peripherals through
its "Legacy Bridge". Thus, it makes sense that QuarkX1000's
Makefile includes code from the legacy_pc x86 cpu.
Currently, it is common to see Contiki's core/ interfaces implementations
spread in both cpu/ and platform/. We here take one step further starting
an effort to centralize all of these in platform's code instead.
This commit starts this by adding platform/galileo/core/ and its sys/
subfolder, adding a stubbed mtarch.h and moving clock and rtimer
implementations to this new folder. From now on we should concentrate
implementation from Contiki's core/ interfaces into the appropriate
subfolder in platform/galileo/core/.
Note that this is not the current fashion followed on other platforms
and cpus folders, as most of them add the core interface implementation
into its subfolder directly. For instance, on CC2538DK,
core/dev/button-sensor.h is implemented in platform/cc2538dk/dev/
directly, while on Galileo it would sit at platform/galileo/core/dev/.
We believe ours is a better approach to organize and escalate a
platform's code base.
We also remove previous x86 mtarch.h and mtarch.c since they weren't used
at all - both native and cooja platforms have their own mtarch
implementations.
This patch adds support for rtimer library on Galileo's platform.
We use the PIT to implement the rtimer platform dependent
functionalities. We chose the PIT for mainly two reason: I) its
configuration is very simple II) it has a high frequency which
provides us a good clock resolution (requirement from rtimer
library).
Since we keep track of the number of ticks in software, we define
rtimer_clock_t type as uint64_t. This gives us a good amount of time
til the variable overflows. For instance, a 32-bit type would overflow
in about one hour for high clock resolution (~ 1us).
The rtimer clock frequency (RTIMER_ARCH_SECOND) is setup to 1 kHz.
There is no technical matter regarding this value. It is just an
initial guess.
Just for the record, we might want to use HPET in future to
implement the rtimer library since it seems to be more appropriate.
The reason why we don't use it at this moment is that, in order to
configure it, we need support for ACPI 2.0 which we don't. Once we
have use-cases for the rtimer library we'll probably replace PIT
by HPET or any other timer more suitable for the job.
This patch adds support for Contiki's clock module. All functions from
core/sys/clock.h are implemented, except clock_set_seconds() and clock_
delay_usec(). The CLOCK_CONF_SECOND macro is set to 128. This value
seems to be good enough since several platforms used it. Finally, we
use the RTC driver to track the number of ticks from the system clock.
This patch adds the initial support for Intel Galileo Platform. It
contains the minimum set of code required to boot a dummy Contiki
image.
For Galileo initial support, we implemented a linker script, a minimal
bootstrap code, a set of stubbed functions required by newlib, and a
very simple main() function. Moreover, we also define some header files
and macros required by Contiki.
To build applications for this platform you should first build newlib
(in case it wasn't already built). To build newlib you can run the
following command:
$ platform/galileo/bsp/libc/build_newlib.sh
Once newlib is built, you can build applications. To build applications
for Galileo platform you should set TARGET variable to 'galileo'. For
instance, building the hello-world application should look like this:
$ cd examples/hello-world/ && make TARGET=galileo
This will generate the 'hello-world.galileo' file which is a multiboot-
compliant [1] ELF image. This image can be booted by any multiboot-
complaint bootloader such as Grub.
Finally, this patch should be used as a guideline to add the initial
support for others platforms based on x86 SoCs.
[1] https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/multiboot/multiboot.html
