176 lines
6.4 KiB
Markdown
176 lines
6.4 KiB
Markdown
bundle-update(1) -- Update your gems to the latest available versions
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=====================================================================
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## SYNOPSIS
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`bundle update` <*gems> [--source=NAME]
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## DESCRIPTION
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Update the gems specified (all gems, if none are specified), ignoring
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the previously installed gems specified in the `Gemfile.lock`. In
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general, you should use [bundle install(1)][bundle-install] to install the same exact
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gems and versions across machines.
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You would use `bundle update` to explicitly update the version of a
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gem.
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## OPTIONS
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* `--source=<name>`:
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The name of a `:git` or `:path` source used in the Gemfile(5). For
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instance, with a `:git` source of `http://github.com/rails/rails.git`,
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you would call `bundle update --source rails`
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## UPDATING ALL GEMS
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If you run `bundle update` with no parameters, bundler will ignore
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any previously installed gems and resolve all dependencies again
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based on the latest versions of all gems available in the sources.
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Consider the following Gemfile(5):
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source "http://rubygems.org"
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gem "rails", "3.0.0.rc"
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gem "nokogiri"
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When you run [bundle install(1)][bundle-install] the first time, bundler will resolve
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all of the dependencies, all the way down, and install what you need:
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Fetching source index for http://rubygems.org/
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Installing rake (0.8.7)
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Installing abstract (1.0.0)
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Installing activesupport (3.0.0.rc)
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Installing builder (2.1.2)
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Installing i18n (0.4.1)
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Installing activemodel (3.0.0.rc)
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Installing erubis (2.6.6)
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Installing rack (1.2.1)
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Installing rack-mount (0.6.9)
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Installing rack-test (0.5.4)
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Installing tzinfo (0.3.22)
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Installing actionpack (3.0.0.rc)
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Installing mime-types (1.16)
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Installing polyglot (0.3.1)
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Installing treetop (1.4.8)
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Installing mail (2.2.5)
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Installing actionmailer (3.0.0.rc)
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Installing arel (0.4.0)
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Installing activerecord (3.0.0.rc)
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Installing activeresource (3.0.0.rc)
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Installing bundler (1.0.0.rc.3)
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Installing nokogiri (1.4.3.1) with native extensions
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Installing thor (0.14.0)
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Installing railties (3.0.0.rc)
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Installing rails (3.0.0.rc)
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Your bundle is complete! Use `bundle show [gemname]` to see where a bundled gem is installed.
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As you can see, even though you have just two gems in the Gemfile(5), your application
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actually needs 25 different gems in order to run. Bundler remembers the exact versions
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it installed in `Gemfile.lock`. The next time you run [bundle install(1)][bundle-install], bundler skips
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the dependency resolution and installs the same gems as it installed last time.
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After checking in the `Gemfile.lock` into version control and cloning it on another
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machine, running [bundle install(1)][bundle-install] will _still_ install the gems that you installed
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last time. You don't need to worry that a new release of `erubis` or `mail` changes
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the gems you use.
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However, from time to time, you might want to update the gems you are using to the
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newest versions that still match the gems in your Gemfile(5).
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To do this, run `bundle update`, which will ignore the `Gemfile.lock`, and resolve
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all the dependencies again. Keep in mind that this process can result in a significantly
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different set of the 25 gems, based on the requirements of new gems that the gem
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authors released since the last time you ran `bundle update`.
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## UPDATING A LIST OF GEMS
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Sometimes, you want to update a single gem in the Gemfile(5), and leave the rest of the
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gems that you specified locked to the versions in the `Gemfile.lock`.
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For instance, in the scenario above, imagine that `nokogiri` releases version `1.4.4`, and
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you want to update it _without_ updating Rails and all of its dependencies. To do this,
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run `bundle update nokogiri`.
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Bundler will update `nokogiri` and any of its dependencies, but leave alone Rails and
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its dependencies.
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## OVERLAPPING DEPENDENCIES
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Sometimes, multiple gems declared in your Gemfile(5) are satisfied by the same
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second-level dependency. For instance, consider the case of `thin` and
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`rack-perftools-profiler`.
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source "http://rubygems.org"
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gem "thin"
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gem "rack-perftools-profiler"
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The `thin` gem depends on `rack >= 1.0`, while `rack-perftools-profiler` depends
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on `rack ~> 1.0`. If you run bundle install, you get:
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Fetching source index for http://rubygems.org/
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Installing daemons (1.1.0)
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Installing eventmachine (0.12.10) with native extensions
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Installing open4 (1.0.1)
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Installing perftools.rb (0.4.7) with native extensions
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Installing rack (1.2.1)
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Installing rack-perftools_profiler (0.0.2)
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Installing thin (1.2.7) with native extensions
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Using bundler (1.0.0.rc.3)
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In this case, the two gems have their own set of dependencies, but they share
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`rack` in common. If you run `bundle update thin`, bundler will update `daemons`,
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`eventmachine` and `rack`, which are dependencies of `thin`, but not `open4` or
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`perftools.rb`, which are dependencies of `rack-perftools_profiler`. Note that
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`bundle update thin` will update `rack` even though it's _also_ a dependency of
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`rack-perftools_profiler`.
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`In short`, when you update a gem using `bundle update`, bundler will update all
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dependencies of that gem, including those that are also dependencies of another gem.
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In this scenario, updating the `thin` version manually in the Gemfile(5),
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and then running [bundle install(1)][bundle-install] will only update `daemons` and `eventmachine`,
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but not `rack`. For more information, see the `CONSERVATIVE UPDATING` section
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of [bundle install(1)][bundle-install].
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## RECOMMENDED WORKFLOW
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In general, when working with an application managed with bundler, you should
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use the following workflow:
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* After you create your Gemfile(5) for the first time, run
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$ bundle install
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* Check the resulting `Gemfile.lock` into version control
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$ git add Gemfile.lock
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* When checking out this repository on another development machine, run
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$ bundle install
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* When checking out this repository on a deployment machine, run
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$ bundle install --deployment
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* After changing the Gemfile(5) to reflect a new or update dependency, run
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$ bundle install
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* Make sure to check the updated `Gemfile.lock` into version control
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$ git add Gemfile.lock
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* If [bundle install(1)][bundle-install] reports a conflict, manually update the specific
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gems that you changed in the Gemfile(5)
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$ bundle update rails thin
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* If you want to update all the gems to the latest possible versions that
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still match the gems listed in the Gemfile(5), run
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$ bundle update
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