666 lines
24 KiB
Ruby
666 lines
24 KiB
Ruby
# oracle_adapter.rb -- ActiveRecord adapter for Oracle 8i, 9i, 10g
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#
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# Original author: Graham Jenkins
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#
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# Current maintainer: Michael Schoen <schoenm@earthlink.net>
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#
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#########################################################################
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#
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# Implementation notes:
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# 1. Redefines (safely) a method in ActiveRecord to make it possible to
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# implement an autonumbering solution for Oracle.
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# 2. The OCI8 driver is patched to properly handle values for LONG and
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# TIMESTAMP columns. The driver-author has indicated that a future
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# release of the driver will obviate this patch.
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# 3. LOB support is implemented through an after_save callback.
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# 4. Oracle does not offer native LIMIT and OFFSET options; this
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# functionality is mimiced through the use of nested selects.
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# See http://asktom.oracle.com/pls/ask/f?p=4950:8:::::F4950_P8_DISPLAYID:127412348064
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#
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# Do what you want with this code, at your own peril, but if any
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# significant portion of my code remains then please acknowledge my
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# contribution.
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# portions Copyright 2005 Graham Jenkins
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require 'active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter'
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require 'delegate'
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begin
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require_library_or_gem 'oci8' unless self.class.const_defined? :OCI8
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module ActiveRecord
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class Base
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def self.oracle_connection(config) #:nodoc:
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# Use OCI8AutoRecover instead of normal OCI8 driver.
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ConnectionAdapters::OracleAdapter.new OCI8AutoRecover.new(config), logger
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end
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# for backwards-compatibility
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def self.oci_connection(config) #:nodoc:
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config[:database] = config[:host]
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self.oracle_connection(config)
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end
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# Enable the id column to be bound into the sql later, by the adapter's insert method.
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# This is preferable to inserting the hard-coded value here, because the insert method
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# needs to know the id value explicitly.
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alias :attributes_with_quotes_pre_oracle :attributes_with_quotes
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def attributes_with_quotes(include_primary_key = true) #:nodoc:
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aq = attributes_with_quotes_pre_oracle(include_primary_key)
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if connection.class == ConnectionAdapters::OracleAdapter
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aq[self.class.primary_key] = ":id" if include_primary_key && aq[self.class.primary_key].nil?
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end
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aq
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end
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# After setting large objects to empty, select the OCI8::LOB
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# and write back the data.
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after_save :write_lobs
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def write_lobs() #:nodoc:
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if connection.is_a?(ConnectionAdapters::OracleAdapter)
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self.class.columns.select { |c| c.type == :binary }.each { |c|
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value = self[c.name]
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next if value.nil? || (value == '')
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lob = connection.select_one(
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"SELECT #{ c.name} FROM #{ self.class.table_name } WHERE #{ self.class.primary_key} = #{quote(id)}",
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'Writable Large Object')[c.name]
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lob.write value
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}
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end
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end
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private :write_lobs
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end
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module ConnectionAdapters #:nodoc:
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class OracleColumn < Column #:nodoc:
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attr_reader :sql_type
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# overridden to add the concept of scale, required to differentiate
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# between integer and float fields
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def initialize(name, default, sql_type, limit, scale, null)
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@name, @limit, @sql_type, @scale, @null = name, limit, sql_type, scale, null
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@type = simplified_type(sql_type)
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@default = type_cast(default)
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@primary = nil
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@text = [:string, :text].include? @type
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@number = [:float, :integer].include? @type
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end
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def type_cast(value)
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return nil if value.nil? || value =~ /^\s*null\s*$/i
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case type
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when :string then value
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when :integer then defined?(value.to_i) ? value.to_i : (value ? 1 : 0)
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when :float then value.to_f
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when :datetime then cast_to_date_or_time(value)
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when :time then cast_to_time(value)
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else value
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end
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end
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private
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def simplified_type(field_type)
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case field_type
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when /char/i : :string
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when /num|float|double|dec|real|int/i : @scale == 0 ? :integer : :float
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when /date|time/i : @name =~ /_at$/ ? :time : :datetime
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when /clob/i : :text
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when /blob/i : :binary
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end
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end
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def cast_to_date_or_time(value)
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return value if value.is_a? Date
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return nil if value.blank?
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guess_date_or_time (value.is_a? Time) ? value : cast_to_time(value)
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end
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def cast_to_time(value)
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return value if value.is_a? Time
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time_array = ParseDate.parsedate value
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time_array[0] ||= 2000; time_array[1] ||= 1; time_array[2] ||= 1;
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Time.send(Base.default_timezone, *time_array) rescue nil
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end
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def guess_date_or_time(value)
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(value.hour == 0 and value.min == 0 and value.sec == 0) ?
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Date.new(value.year, value.month, value.day) : value
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end
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end
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# This is an Oracle/OCI adapter for the ActiveRecord persistence
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# framework. It relies upon the OCI8 driver, which works with Oracle 8i
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# and above. Most recent development has been on Debian Linux against
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# a 10g database, ActiveRecord 1.12.1 and OCI8 0.1.13.
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# See: http://rubyforge.org/projects/ruby-oci8/
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#
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# Usage notes:
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# * Key generation assumes a "${table_name}_seq" sequence is available
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# for all tables; the sequence name can be changed using
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# ActiveRecord::Base.set_sequence_name. When using Migrations, these
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# sequences are created automatically.
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# * Oracle uses DATE or TIMESTAMP datatypes for both dates and times.
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# Consequently some hacks are employed to map data back to Date or Time
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# in Ruby. If the column_name ends in _time it's created as a Ruby Time.
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# Else if the hours/minutes/seconds are 0, I make it a Ruby Date. Else
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# it's a Ruby Time. This is a bit nasty - but if you use Duck Typing
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# you'll probably not care very much. In 9i and up it's tempting to
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# map DATE to Date and TIMESTAMP to Time, but too many databases use
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# DATE for both. Timezones and sub-second precision on timestamps are
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# not supported.
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# * Default values that are functions (such as "SYSDATE") are not
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# supported. This is a restriction of the way ActiveRecord supports
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# default values.
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# * Support for Oracle8 is limited by Rails' use of ANSI join syntax, which
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# is supported in Oracle9i and later. You will need to use #finder_sql for
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# has_and_belongs_to_many associations to run against Oracle8.
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#
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# Required parameters:
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#
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# * <tt>:username</tt>
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# * <tt>:password</tt>
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# * <tt>:database</tt>
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class OracleAdapter < AbstractAdapter
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def adapter_name #:nodoc:
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'Oracle'
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end
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def supports_migrations? #:nodoc:
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true
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end
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def native_database_types #:nodoc
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{
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:primary_key => "NUMBER(38) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY",
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:string => { :name => "VARCHAR2", :limit => 255 },
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:text => { :name => "CLOB" },
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:integer => { :name => "NUMBER", :limit => 38 },
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:float => { :name => "NUMBER" },
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:datetime => { :name => "DATE" },
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:timestamp => { :name => "DATE" },
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:time => { :name => "DATE" },
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:date => { :name => "DATE" },
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:binary => { :name => "BLOB" },
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:boolean => { :name => "NUMBER", :limit => 1 }
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}
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end
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def table_alias_length
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30
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end
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# QUOTING ==================================================
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#
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# see: abstract/quoting.rb
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# camelCase column names need to be quoted; not that anyone using Oracle
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# would really do this, but handling this case means we pass the test...
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def quote_column_name(name) #:nodoc:
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name =~ /[A-Z]/ ? "\"#{name}\"" : name
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end
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def quote_string(string) #:nodoc:
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string.gsub(/'/, "''")
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end
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def quote(value, column = nil) #:nodoc:
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if column && column.type == :binary
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%Q{empty_#{ column.sql_type rescue 'blob' }()}
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else
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case value
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when String : %Q{'#{quote_string(value)}'}
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when NilClass : 'null'
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when TrueClass : '1'
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when FalseClass : '0'
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when Numeric : value.to_s
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when Date, Time : %Q{'#{value.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")}'}
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else %Q{'#{quote_string(value.to_yaml)}'}
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end
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end
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end
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# CONNECTION MANAGEMENT ====================================
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#
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# Returns true if the connection is active.
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def active?
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# Pings the connection to check if it's still good. Note that an
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# #active? method is also available, but that simply returns the
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# last known state, which isn't good enough if the connection has
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# gone stale since the last use.
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@connection.ping
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rescue OCIException
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false
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end
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# Reconnects to the database.
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def reconnect!
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@connection.reset!
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rescue OCIException => e
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@logger.warn "#{adapter_name} automatic reconnection failed: #{e.message}"
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end
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# Disconnects from the database.
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def disconnect!
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@connection.logoff rescue nil
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@connection.active = false
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end
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# DATABASE STATEMENTS ======================================
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#
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# see: abstract/database_statements.rb
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def select_all(sql, name = nil) #:nodoc:
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select(sql, name)
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end
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def select_one(sql, name = nil) #:nodoc:
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result = select_all(sql, name)
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result.size > 0 ? result.first : nil
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end
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def execute(sql, name = nil) #:nodoc:
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log(sql, name) { @connection.exec sql }
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end
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def insert(sql, name = nil, pk = nil, id_value = nil, sequence_name = nil) #:nodoc:
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if pk.nil? # Who called us? What does the sql look like? No idea!
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execute sql, name
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elsif id_value # Pre-assigned id
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log(sql, name) { @connection.exec sql }
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else # Assume the sql contains a bind-variable for the id
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id_value = select_one("select #{sequence_name}.nextval id from dual")['id']
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log(sql, name) { @connection.exec sql, id_value }
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end
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id_value
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end
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alias :update :execute #:nodoc:
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alias :delete :execute #:nodoc:
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def begin_db_transaction #:nodoc:
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@connection.autocommit = false
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end
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def commit_db_transaction #:nodoc:
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@connection.commit
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ensure
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@connection.autocommit = true
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end
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def rollback_db_transaction #:nodoc:
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@connection.rollback
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ensure
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@connection.autocommit = true
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end
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def add_limit_offset!(sql, options) #:nodoc:
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offset = options[:offset] || 0
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if limit = options[:limit]
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sql.replace "select * from (select raw_sql_.*, rownum raw_rnum_ from (#{sql}) raw_sql_ where rownum <= #{offset+limit}) where raw_rnum_ > #{offset}"
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elsif offset > 0
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sql.replace "select * from (select raw_sql_.*, rownum raw_rnum_ from (#{sql}) raw_sql_) where raw_rnum_ > #{offset}"
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end
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end
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def default_sequence_name(table, column) #:nodoc:
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"#{table}_seq"
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end
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# SCHEMA STATEMENTS ========================================
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#
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# see: abstract/schema_statements.rb
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def current_database #:nodoc:
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select_one("select sys_context('userenv','db_name') db from dual")["db"]
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end
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def tables(name = nil) #:nodoc:
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select_all("select lower(table_name) from user_tables").inject([]) do | tabs, t |
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tabs << t.to_a.first.last
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end
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end
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def indexes(table_name, name = nil) #:nodoc:
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result = select_all(<<-SQL, name)
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SELECT lower(i.index_name) as index_name, i.uniqueness, lower(c.column_name) as column_name
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FROM user_indexes i, user_ind_columns c
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WHERE i.table_name = '#{table_name.to_s.upcase}'
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AND c.index_name = i.index_name
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AND i.index_name NOT IN (SELECT index_name FROM user_constraints WHERE constraint_type = 'P')
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ORDER BY i.index_name, c.column_position
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SQL
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current_index = nil
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indexes = []
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result.each do |row|
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if current_index != row['index_name']
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indexes << IndexDefinition.new(table_name, row['index_name'], row['uniqueness'] == "UNIQUE", [])
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current_index = row['index_name']
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end
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indexes.last.columns << row['column_name']
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end
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indexes
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end
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def columns(table_name, name = nil) #:nodoc:
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(owner, table_name) = @connection.describe(table_name)
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table_cols = %Q{
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select column_name, data_type, data_default, nullable,
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decode(data_type, 'NUMBER', data_precision,
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'VARCHAR2', data_length,
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null) as length,
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decode(data_type, 'NUMBER', data_scale, null) as scale
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from all_tab_columns
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where owner = '#{owner}'
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and table_name = '#{table_name}'
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order by column_id
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}
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select_all(table_cols, name).map do |row|
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if row['data_default']
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row['data_default'].sub!(/^(.*?)\s*$/, '\1')
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row['data_default'].sub!(/^'(.*)'$/, '\1')
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end
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OracleColumn.new(
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oracle_downcase(row['column_name']),
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row['data_default'],
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row['data_type'],
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(l = row['length']).nil? ? nil : l.to_i,
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(s = row['scale']).nil? ? nil : s.to_i,
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row['nullable'] == 'Y'
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)
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end
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end
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def create_table(name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
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super(name, options)
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execute "CREATE SEQUENCE #{name}_seq START WITH 10000" unless options[:id] == false
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end
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def rename_table(name, new_name) #:nodoc:
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execute "RENAME #{name} TO #{new_name}"
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execute "RENAME #{name}_seq TO #{new_name}_seq" rescue nil
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end
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def drop_table(name) #:nodoc:
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super(name)
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execute "DROP SEQUENCE #{name}_seq" rescue nil
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end
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def remove_index(table_name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
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execute "DROP INDEX #{index_name(table_name, options)}"
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end
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def change_column_default(table_name, column_name, default) #:nodoc:
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execute "ALTER TABLE #{table_name} MODIFY #{column_name} DEFAULT #{quote(default)}"
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end
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def change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {}) #:nodoc:
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change_column_sql = "ALTER TABLE #{table_name} MODIFY #{column_name} #{type_to_sql(type, options[:limit])}"
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add_column_options!(change_column_sql, options)
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execute(change_column_sql)
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end
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def rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name) #:nodoc:
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execute "ALTER TABLE #{table_name} RENAME COLUMN #{column_name} to #{new_column_name}"
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end
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def remove_column(table_name, column_name) #:nodoc:
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execute "ALTER TABLE #{table_name} DROP COLUMN #{column_name}"
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end
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def structure_dump #:nodoc:
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s = select_all("select sequence_name from user_sequences").inject("") do |structure, seq|
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structure << "create sequence #{seq.to_a.first.last};\n\n"
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end
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select_all("select table_name from user_tables").inject(s) do |structure, table|
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ddl = "create table #{table.to_a.first.last} (\n "
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cols = select_all(%Q{
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select column_name, data_type, data_length, data_precision, data_scale, data_default, nullable
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from user_tab_columns
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where table_name = '#{table.to_a.first.last}'
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order by column_id
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}).map do |row|
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col = "#{row['column_name'].downcase} #{row['data_type'].downcase}"
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if row['data_type'] =='NUMBER' and !row['data_precision'].nil?
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col << "(#{row['data_precision'].to_i}"
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col << ",#{row['data_scale'].to_i}" if !row['data_scale'].nil?
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col << ')'
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elsif row['data_type'].include?('CHAR')
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col << "(#{row['data_length'].to_i})"
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end
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col << " default #{row['data_default']}" if !row['data_default'].nil?
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col << ' not null' if row['nullable'] == 'N'
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col
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end
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ddl << cols.join(",\n ")
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ddl << ");\n\n"
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structure << ddl
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end
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end
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def structure_drop #:nodoc:
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s = select_all("select sequence_name from user_sequences").inject("") do |drop, seq|
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drop << "drop sequence #{seq.to_a.first.last};\n\n"
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end
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select_all("select table_name from user_tables").inject(s) do |drop, table|
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drop << "drop table #{table.to_a.first.last} cascade constraints;\n\n"
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end
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end
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private
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def select(sql, name = nil)
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cursor = execute(sql, name)
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cols = cursor.get_col_names.map { |x| oracle_downcase(x) }
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rows = []
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while row = cursor.fetch
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hash = Hash.new
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cols.each_with_index do |col, i|
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hash[col] =
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case row[i]
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when OCI8::LOB
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name == 'Writable Large Object' ? row[i]: row[i].read
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when OraDate
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(row[i].hour == 0 and row[i].minute == 0 and row[i].second == 0) ?
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row[i].to_date : row[i].to_time
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else row[i]
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end unless col == 'raw_rnum_'
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end
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rows << hash
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end
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rows
|
|
ensure
|
|
cursor.close if cursor
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
# Oracle column names by default are case-insensitive, but treated as upcase;
|
|
# for neatness, we'll downcase within Rails. EXCEPT that folks CAN quote
|
|
# their column names when creating Oracle tables, which makes then case-sensitive.
|
|
# I don't know anybody who does this, but we'll handle the theoretical case of a
|
|
# camelCase column name. I imagine other dbs handle this different, since there's a
|
|
# unit test that's currently failing test_oci.
|
|
def oracle_downcase(column_name)
|
|
column_name =~ /[a-z]/ ? column_name : column_name.downcase
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
|
|
class OCI8 #:nodoc:
|
|
|
|
# This OCI8 patch may not longer be required with the upcoming
|
|
# release of version 0.2.
|
|
class Cursor #:nodoc:
|
|
alias :define_a_column_pre_ar :define_a_column
|
|
def define_a_column(i)
|
|
case do_ocicall(@ctx) { @parms[i - 1].attrGet(OCI_ATTR_DATA_TYPE) }
|
|
when 8 : @stmt.defineByPos(i, String, 65535) # Read LONG values
|
|
when 187 : @stmt.defineByPos(i, OraDate) # Read TIMESTAMP values
|
|
when 108
|
|
if @parms[i - 1].attrGet(OCI_ATTR_TYPE_NAME) == 'XMLTYPE'
|
|
@stmt.defineByPos(i, String, 65535)
|
|
else
|
|
raise 'unsupported datatype'
|
|
end
|
|
else define_a_column_pre_ar i
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
# missing constant from oci8 < 0.1.14
|
|
OCI_PTYPE_UNK = 0 unless defined?(OCI_PTYPE_UNK)
|
|
|
|
# Uses the describeAny OCI call to find the target owner and table_name
|
|
# indicated by +name+, parsing through synonynms as necessary. Returns
|
|
# an array of [owner, table_name].
|
|
def describe(name)
|
|
@desc ||= @@env.alloc(OCIDescribe)
|
|
@desc.attrSet(OCI_ATTR_DESC_PUBLIC, -1) if VERSION >= '0.1.14'
|
|
@desc.describeAny(@svc, name.to_s, OCI_PTYPE_UNK)
|
|
info = @desc.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_PARAM)
|
|
|
|
case info.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_PTYPE)
|
|
when OCI_PTYPE_TABLE, OCI_PTYPE_VIEW
|
|
owner = info.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_OBJ_SCHEMA)
|
|
table_name = info.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_OBJ_NAME)
|
|
[owner, table_name]
|
|
when OCI_PTYPE_SYN
|
|
schema = info.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_SCHEMA_NAME)
|
|
name = info.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_NAME)
|
|
describe(schema + '.' + name)
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
|
|
# The OracleConnectionFactory factors out the code necessary to connect and
|
|
# configure an Oracle/OCI connection.
|
|
class OracleConnectionFactory #:nodoc:
|
|
def new_connection(username, password, database)
|
|
conn = OCI8.new username, password, database
|
|
conn.exec %q{alter session set nls_date_format = 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'}
|
|
conn.exec %q{alter session set nls_timestamp_format = 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'} rescue nil
|
|
conn.autocommit = true
|
|
conn
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
|
|
# The OCI8AutoRecover class enhances the OCI8 driver with auto-recover and
|
|
# reset functionality. If a call to #exec fails, and autocommit is turned on
|
|
# (ie., we're not in the middle of a longer transaction), it will
|
|
# automatically reconnect and try again. If autocommit is turned off,
|
|
# this would be dangerous (as the earlier part of the implied transaction
|
|
# may have failed silently if the connection died) -- so instead the
|
|
# connection is marked as dead, to be reconnected on it's next use.
|
|
class OCI8AutoRecover < DelegateClass(OCI8) #:nodoc:
|
|
attr_accessor :active
|
|
alias :active? :active
|
|
|
|
cattr_accessor :auto_retry
|
|
class << self
|
|
alias :auto_retry? :auto_retry
|
|
end
|
|
@@auto_retry = false
|
|
|
|
def initialize(config, factory = OracleConnectionFactory.new)
|
|
@active = true
|
|
@username, @password, @database = config[:username], config[:password], config[:database]
|
|
@factory = factory
|
|
@connection = @factory.new_connection @username, @password, @database
|
|
super @connection
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
# Checks connection, returns true if active. Note that ping actively
|
|
# checks the connection, while #active? simply returns the last
|
|
# known state.
|
|
def ping
|
|
@connection.exec("select 1 from dual") { |r| nil }
|
|
@active = true
|
|
rescue
|
|
@active = false
|
|
raise
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
# Resets connection, by logging off and creating a new connection.
|
|
def reset!
|
|
logoff rescue nil
|
|
begin
|
|
@connection = @factory.new_connection @username, @password, @database
|
|
__setobj__ @connection
|
|
@active = true
|
|
rescue
|
|
@active = false
|
|
raise
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
# ORA-00028: your session has been killed
|
|
# ORA-01012: not logged on
|
|
# ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
|
|
# ORA-03114: not connected to ORACLE
|
|
LOST_CONNECTION_ERROR_CODES = [ 28, 1012, 3113, 3114 ]
|
|
|
|
# Adds auto-recovery functionality.
|
|
#
|
|
# See: http://www.jiubao.org/ruby-oci8/api.en.html#label-11
|
|
def exec(sql, *bindvars)
|
|
should_retry = self.class.auto_retry? && autocommit?
|
|
|
|
begin
|
|
@connection.exec(sql, *bindvars)
|
|
rescue OCIException => e
|
|
raise unless LOST_CONNECTION_ERROR_CODES.include?(e.code)
|
|
@active = false
|
|
raise unless should_retry
|
|
should_retry = false
|
|
reset! rescue nil
|
|
retry
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
rescue LoadError
|
|
# OCI8 driver is unavailable.
|
|
module ActiveRecord # :nodoc:
|
|
class Base
|
|
def self.oracle_connection(config) # :nodoc:
|
|
# Set up a reasonable error message
|
|
raise LoadError, "Oracle/OCI libraries could not be loaded."
|
|
end
|
|
def self.oci_connection(config) # :nodoc:
|
|
# Set up a reasonable error message
|
|
raise LoadError, "Oracle/OCI libraries could not be loaded."
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
end
|