691 lines
25 KiB
Ruby
691 lines
25 KiB
Ruby
# oracle_adapter.rb -- ActiveRecord adapter for Oracle 8i, 9i, 10g
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#
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# Original author: Graham Jenkins
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#
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# Current maintainer: Michael Schoen <schoenm@earthlink.net>
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#
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#########################################################################
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#
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# Implementation notes:
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# 1. Redefines (safely) a method in ActiveRecord to make it possible to
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# implement an autonumbering solution for Oracle.
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# 2. The OCI8 driver is patched to properly handle values for LONG and
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# TIMESTAMP columns. The driver-author has indicated that a future
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# release of the driver will obviate this patch.
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# 3. LOB support is implemented through an after_save callback.
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# 4. Oracle does not offer native LIMIT and OFFSET options; this
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# functionality is mimiced through the use of nested selects.
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# See http://asktom.oracle.com/pls/ask/f?p=4950:8:::::F4950_P8_DISPLAYID:127412348064
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#
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# Do what you want with this code, at your own peril, but if any
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# significant portion of my code remains then please acknowledge my
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# contribution.
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# portions Copyright 2005 Graham Jenkins
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require 'active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter'
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require 'delegate'
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begin
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require_library_or_gem 'oci8' unless self.class.const_defined? :OCI8
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module ActiveRecord
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class Base
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def self.oracle_connection(config) #:nodoc:
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# Use OCI8AutoRecover instead of normal OCI8 driver.
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ConnectionAdapters::OracleAdapter.new OCI8AutoRecover.new(config), logger
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end
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# for backwards-compatibility
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def self.oci_connection(config) #:nodoc:
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config[:database] = config[:host]
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self.oracle_connection(config)
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end
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# After setting large objects to empty, select the OCI8::LOB
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# and write back the data.
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after_save :write_lobs
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def write_lobs() #:nodoc:
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if connection.is_a?(ConnectionAdapters::OracleAdapter)
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self.class.columns.select { |c| c.sql_type =~ /LOB$/i }.each { |c|
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value = self[c.name]
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value = value.to_yaml if unserializable_attribute?(c.name, c)
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next if value.nil? || (value == '')
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lob = connection.select_one(
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"SELECT #{c.name} FROM #{self.class.table_name} WHERE #{self.class.primary_key} = #{quote_value(id)}",
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'Writable Large Object')[c.name]
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lob.write value
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}
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end
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end
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private :write_lobs
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end
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module ConnectionAdapters #:nodoc:
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class OracleColumn < Column #:nodoc:
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def type_cast(value)
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return guess_date_or_time(value) if type == :datetime && OracleAdapter.emulate_dates
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super
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end
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private
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def simplified_type(field_type)
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return :boolean if OracleAdapter.emulate_booleans && field_type == 'NUMBER(1)'
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case field_type
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when /date|time/i then :datetime
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else super
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end
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end
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def guess_date_or_time(value)
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(value.hour == 0 and value.min == 0 and value.sec == 0) ?
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Date.new(value.year, value.month, value.day) : value
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end
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end
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# This is an Oracle/OCI adapter for the ActiveRecord persistence
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# framework. It relies upon the OCI8 driver, which works with Oracle 8i
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# and above. Most recent development has been on Debian Linux against
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# a 10g database, ActiveRecord 1.12.1 and OCI8 0.1.13.
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# See: http://rubyforge.org/projects/ruby-oci8/
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#
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# Usage notes:
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# * Key generation assumes a "${table_name}_seq" sequence is available
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# for all tables; the sequence name can be changed using
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# ActiveRecord::Base.set_sequence_name. When using Migrations, these
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# sequences are created automatically.
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# * Oracle uses DATE or TIMESTAMP datatypes for both dates and times.
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# Consequently some hacks are employed to map data back to Date or Time
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# in Ruby. If the column_name ends in _time it's created as a Ruby Time.
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# Else if the hours/minutes/seconds are 0, I make it a Ruby Date. Else
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# it's a Ruby Time. This is a bit nasty - but if you use Duck Typing
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# you'll probably not care very much. In 9i and up it's tempting to
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# map DATE to Date and TIMESTAMP to Time, but too many databases use
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# DATE for both. Timezones and sub-second precision on timestamps are
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# not supported.
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# * Default values that are functions (such as "SYSDATE") are not
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# supported. This is a restriction of the way ActiveRecord supports
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# default values.
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# * Support for Oracle8 is limited by Rails' use of ANSI join syntax, which
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# is supported in Oracle9i and later. You will need to use #finder_sql for
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# has_and_belongs_to_many associations to run against Oracle8.
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#
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# Required parameters:
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#
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# * <tt>:username</tt>
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# * <tt>:password</tt>
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# * <tt>:database</tt>
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class OracleAdapter < AbstractAdapter
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@@emulate_booleans = true
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cattr_accessor :emulate_booleans
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@@emulate_dates = false
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cattr_accessor :emulate_dates
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def adapter_name #:nodoc:
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'Oracle'
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end
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def supports_migrations? #:nodoc:
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true
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end
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def native_database_types #:nodoc:
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{
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:primary_key => "NUMBER(38) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY",
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:string => { :name => "VARCHAR2", :limit => 255 },
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:text => { :name => "CLOB" },
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:integer => { :name => "NUMBER", :limit => 38 },
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:float => { :name => "NUMBER" },
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:decimal => { :name => "DECIMAL" },
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:datetime => { :name => "DATE" },
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:timestamp => { :name => "DATE" },
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:time => { :name => "DATE" },
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:date => { :name => "DATE" },
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:binary => { :name => "BLOB" },
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:boolean => { :name => "NUMBER", :limit => 1 }
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}
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end
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def table_alias_length
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30
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end
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# QUOTING ==================================================
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#
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# see: abstract/quoting.rb
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# camelCase column names need to be quoted; not that anyone using Oracle
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# would really do this, but handling this case means we pass the test...
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def quote_column_name(name) #:nodoc:
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name =~ /[A-Z]/ ? "\"#{name}\"" : name
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end
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def quote_string(s) #:nodoc:
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s.gsub(/'/, "''")
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end
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def quote(value, column = nil) #:nodoc:
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if column && [:text, :binary].include?(column.type)
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%Q{empty_#{ column.sql_type.downcase rescue 'blob' }()}
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else
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super
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end
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end
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def quoted_true
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"1"
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end
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def quoted_false
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"0"
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end
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# CONNECTION MANAGEMENT ====================================
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#
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# Returns true if the connection is active.
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def active?
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# Pings the connection to check if it's still good. Note that an
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# #active? method is also available, but that simply returns the
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# last known state, which isn't good enough if the connection has
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# gone stale since the last use.
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@connection.ping
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rescue OCIException
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false
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end
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# Reconnects to the database.
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def reconnect!
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@connection.reset!
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rescue OCIException => e
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@logger.warn "#{adapter_name} automatic reconnection failed: #{e.message}"
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end
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# Disconnects from the database.
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def disconnect!
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@connection.logoff rescue nil
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@connection.active = false
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end
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# DATABASE STATEMENTS ======================================
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#
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# see: abstract/database_statements.rb
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def execute(sql, name = nil) #:nodoc:
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log(sql, name) { @connection.exec sql }
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end
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# Returns the next sequence value from a sequence generator. Not generally
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# called directly; used by ActiveRecord to get the next primary key value
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# when inserting a new database record (see #prefetch_primary_key?).
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def next_sequence_value(sequence_name)
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id = 0
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@connection.exec("select #{sequence_name}.nextval id from dual") { |r| id = r[0].to_i }
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id
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end
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def insert(sql, name = nil, pk = nil, id_value = nil, sequence_name = nil) #:nodoc:
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execute(sql, name)
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id_value
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end
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def begin_db_transaction #:nodoc:
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@connection.autocommit = false
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end
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def commit_db_transaction #:nodoc:
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@connection.commit
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ensure
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@connection.autocommit = true
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end
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def rollback_db_transaction #:nodoc:
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@connection.rollback
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ensure
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@connection.autocommit = true
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end
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def add_limit_offset!(sql, options) #:nodoc:
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offset = options[:offset] || 0
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if limit = options[:limit]
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sql.replace "select * from (select raw_sql_.*, rownum raw_rnum_ from (#{sql}) raw_sql_ where rownum <= #{offset+limit}) where raw_rnum_ > #{offset}"
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elsif offset > 0
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sql.replace "select * from (select raw_sql_.*, rownum raw_rnum_ from (#{sql}) raw_sql_) where raw_rnum_ > #{offset}"
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end
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end
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# Returns true for Oracle adapter (since Oracle requires primary key
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# values to be pre-fetched before insert). See also #next_sequence_value.
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def prefetch_primary_key?(table_name = nil)
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true
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end
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def default_sequence_name(table, column) #:nodoc:
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"#{table}_seq"
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end
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# SCHEMA STATEMENTS ========================================
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#
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# see: abstract/schema_statements.rb
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def current_database #:nodoc:
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select_one("select sys_context('userenv','db_name') db from dual")["db"]
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end
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def tables(name = nil) #:nodoc:
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select_all("select lower(table_name) from user_tables").inject([]) do | tabs, t |
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tabs << t.to_a.first.last
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end
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end
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def indexes(table_name, name = nil) #:nodoc:
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result = select_all(<<-SQL, name)
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SELECT lower(i.index_name) as index_name, i.uniqueness, lower(c.column_name) as column_name
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FROM user_indexes i, user_ind_columns c
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WHERE i.table_name = '#{table_name.to_s.upcase}'
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AND c.index_name = i.index_name
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AND i.index_name NOT IN (SELECT uc.index_name FROM user_constraints uc WHERE uc.constraint_type = 'P')
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ORDER BY i.index_name, c.column_position
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SQL
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current_index = nil
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indexes = []
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result.each do |row|
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if current_index != row['index_name']
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indexes << IndexDefinition.new(table_name, row['index_name'], row['uniqueness'] == "UNIQUE", [])
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current_index = row['index_name']
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end
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indexes.last.columns << row['column_name']
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end
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indexes
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end
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def columns(table_name, name = nil) #:nodoc:
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(owner, table_name) = @connection.describe(table_name)
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table_cols = <<-SQL
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select column_name as name, data_type as sql_type, data_default, nullable,
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decode(data_type, 'NUMBER', data_precision,
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'FLOAT', data_precision,
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'VARCHAR2', data_length,
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'CHAR', data_length,
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null) as limit,
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decode(data_type, 'NUMBER', data_scale, null) as scale
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from all_tab_columns
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where owner = '#{owner}'
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and table_name = '#{table_name}'
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order by column_id
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SQL
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select_all(table_cols, name).map do |row|
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limit, scale = row['limit'], row['scale']
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if limit || scale
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row['sql_type'] << "(#{(limit || 38).to_i}" + ((scale = scale.to_i) > 0 ? ",#{scale})" : ")")
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end
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# clean up odd default spacing from Oracle
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if row['data_default']
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row['data_default'].sub!(/^(.*?)\s*$/, '\1')
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row['data_default'].sub!(/^'(.*)'$/, '\1')
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row['data_default'] = nil if row['data_default'] =~ /^null$/i
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end
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OracleColumn.new(oracle_downcase(row['name']),
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row['data_default'],
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row['sql_type'],
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row['nullable'] == 'Y')
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end
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end
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def create_table(name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
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super(name, options)
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seq_name = options[:sequence_name] || "#{name}_seq"
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execute "CREATE SEQUENCE #{seq_name} START WITH 10000" unless options[:id] == false
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end
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def rename_table(name, new_name) #:nodoc:
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execute "RENAME #{name} TO #{new_name}"
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execute "RENAME #{name}_seq TO #{new_name}_seq" rescue nil
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end
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def drop_table(name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
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super(name)
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seq_name = options[:sequence_name] || "#{name}_seq"
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execute "DROP SEQUENCE #{seq_name}" rescue nil
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end
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def remove_index(table_name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
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execute "DROP INDEX #{index_name(table_name, options)}"
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end
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def change_column_default(table_name, column_name, default) #:nodoc:
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execute "ALTER TABLE #{table_name} MODIFY #{column_name} DEFAULT #{quote(default)}"
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end
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def change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {}) #:nodoc:
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change_column_sql = "ALTER TABLE #{table_name} MODIFY #{column_name} #{type_to_sql(type, options[:limit], options[:precision], options[:scale])}"
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add_column_options!(change_column_sql, options)
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execute(change_column_sql)
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end
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def rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name) #:nodoc:
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execute "ALTER TABLE #{table_name} RENAME COLUMN #{column_name} to #{new_column_name}"
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end
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def remove_column(table_name, column_name) #:nodoc:
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execute "ALTER TABLE #{table_name} DROP COLUMN #{column_name}"
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end
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# Find a table's primary key and sequence.
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# *Note*: Only primary key is implemented - sequence will be nil.
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def pk_and_sequence_for(table_name)
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(owner, table_name) = @connection.describe(table_name)
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pks = select_values(<<-SQL, 'Primary Key')
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select cc.column_name
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from all_constraints c, all_cons_columns cc
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where c.owner = '#{owner}'
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and c.table_name = '#{table_name}'
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and c.constraint_type = 'P'
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and cc.owner = c.owner
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and cc.constraint_name = c.constraint_name
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SQL
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# only support single column keys
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pks.size == 1 ? [oracle_downcase(pks.first), nil] : nil
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end
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def structure_dump #:nodoc:
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s = select_all("select sequence_name from user_sequences").inject("") do |structure, seq|
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structure << "create sequence #{seq.to_a.first.last};\n\n"
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end
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select_all("select table_name from user_tables").inject(s) do |structure, table|
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ddl = "create table #{table.to_a.first.last} (\n "
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cols = select_all(%Q{
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select column_name, data_type, data_length, data_precision, data_scale, data_default, nullable
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from user_tab_columns
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where table_name = '#{table.to_a.first.last}'
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order by column_id
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}).map do |row|
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col = "#{row['column_name'].downcase} #{row['data_type'].downcase}"
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if row['data_type'] =='NUMBER' and !row['data_precision'].nil?
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col << "(#{row['data_precision'].to_i}"
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col << ",#{row['data_scale'].to_i}" if !row['data_scale'].nil?
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col << ')'
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elsif row['data_type'].include?('CHAR')
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col << "(#{row['data_length'].to_i})"
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end
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col << " default #{row['data_default']}" if !row['data_default'].nil?
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col << ' not null' if row['nullable'] == 'N'
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col
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end
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ddl << cols.join(",\n ")
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ddl << ");\n\n"
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structure << ddl
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end
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end
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def structure_drop #:nodoc:
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s = select_all("select sequence_name from user_sequences").inject("") do |drop, seq|
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drop << "drop sequence #{seq.to_a.first.last};\n\n"
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end
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select_all("select table_name from user_tables").inject(s) do |drop, table|
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drop << "drop table #{table.to_a.first.last} cascade constraints;\n\n"
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end
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end
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# SELECT DISTINCT clause for a given set of columns and a given ORDER BY clause.
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#
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# Oracle requires the ORDER BY columns to be in the SELECT list for DISTINCT
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# queries. However, with those columns included in the SELECT DISTINCT list, you
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# won't actually get a distinct list of the column you want (presuming the column
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# has duplicates with multiple values for the ordered-by columns. So we use the
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# FIRST_VALUE function to get a single (first) value for each column, effectively
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# making every row the same.
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#
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# distinct("posts.id", "posts.created_at desc")
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def distinct(columns, order_by)
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return "DISTINCT #{columns}" if order_by.blank?
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# construct a valid DISTINCT clause, ie. one that includes the ORDER BY columns, using
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# FIRST_VALUE such that the inclusion of these columns doesn't invalidate the DISTINCT
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order_columns = order_by.split(',').map { |s| s.strip }.reject(&:blank?)
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order_columns = order_columns.zip((0...order_columns.size).to_a).map do |c, i|
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"FIRST_VALUE(#{c.split.first}) OVER (PARTITION BY #{columns} ORDER BY #{c}) AS alias_#{i}__"
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end
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sql = "DISTINCT #{columns}, "
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sql << order_columns * ", "
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end
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# ORDER BY clause for the passed order option.
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#
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# Uses column aliases as defined by #distinct.
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def add_order_by_for_association_limiting!(sql, options)
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return sql if options[:order].blank?
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order = options[:order].split(',').collect { |s| s.strip }.reject(&:blank?)
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order.map! {|s| $1 if s =~ / (.*)/}
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order = order.zip((0...order.size).to_a).map { |s,i| "alias_#{i}__ #{s}" }.join(', ')
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sql << "ORDER BY #{order}"
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end
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private
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def select(sql, name = nil)
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cursor = execute(sql, name)
|
|
cols = cursor.get_col_names.map { |x| oracle_downcase(x) }
|
|
rows = []
|
|
|
|
while row = cursor.fetch
|
|
hash = Hash.new
|
|
|
|
cols.each_with_index do |col, i|
|
|
hash[col] =
|
|
case row[i]
|
|
when OCI8::LOB
|
|
name == 'Writable Large Object' ? row[i]: row[i].read
|
|
when OraDate
|
|
(row[i].hour == 0 and row[i].minute == 0 and row[i].second == 0) ?
|
|
row[i].to_date : row[i].to_time
|
|
else row[i]
|
|
end unless col == 'raw_rnum_'
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
rows << hash
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
rows
|
|
ensure
|
|
cursor.close if cursor
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
# Oracle column names by default are case-insensitive, but treated as upcase;
|
|
# for neatness, we'll downcase within Rails. EXCEPT that folks CAN quote
|
|
# their column names when creating Oracle tables, which makes then case-sensitive.
|
|
# I don't know anybody who does this, but we'll handle the theoretical case of a
|
|
# camelCase column name. I imagine other dbs handle this different, since there's a
|
|
# unit test that's currently failing test_oci.
|
|
def oracle_downcase(column_name)
|
|
column_name =~ /[a-z]/ ? column_name : column_name.downcase
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
|
|
class OCI8 #:nodoc:
|
|
|
|
# This OCI8 patch may not longer be required with the upcoming
|
|
# release of version 0.2.
|
|
class Cursor #:nodoc:
|
|
alias :define_a_column_pre_ar :define_a_column
|
|
def define_a_column(i)
|
|
case do_ocicall(@ctx) { @parms[i - 1].attrGet(OCI_ATTR_DATA_TYPE) }
|
|
when 8 : @stmt.defineByPos(i, String, 65535) # Read LONG values
|
|
when 187 : @stmt.defineByPos(i, OraDate) # Read TIMESTAMP values
|
|
when 108
|
|
if @parms[i - 1].attrGet(OCI_ATTR_TYPE_NAME) == 'XMLTYPE'
|
|
@stmt.defineByPos(i, String, 65535)
|
|
else
|
|
raise 'unsupported datatype'
|
|
end
|
|
else define_a_column_pre_ar i
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
# missing constant from oci8 < 0.1.14
|
|
OCI_PTYPE_UNK = 0 unless defined?(OCI_PTYPE_UNK)
|
|
|
|
# Uses the describeAny OCI call to find the target owner and table_name
|
|
# indicated by +name+, parsing through synonynms as necessary. Returns
|
|
# an array of [owner, table_name].
|
|
def describe(name)
|
|
@desc ||= @@env.alloc(OCIDescribe)
|
|
@desc.attrSet(OCI_ATTR_DESC_PUBLIC, -1) if VERSION >= '0.1.14'
|
|
@desc.describeAny(@svc, name.to_s, OCI_PTYPE_UNK) rescue raise %Q{"DESC #{name}" failed; does it exist?}
|
|
info = @desc.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_PARAM)
|
|
|
|
case info.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_PTYPE)
|
|
when OCI_PTYPE_TABLE, OCI_PTYPE_VIEW
|
|
owner = info.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_OBJ_SCHEMA)
|
|
table_name = info.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_OBJ_NAME)
|
|
[owner, table_name]
|
|
when OCI_PTYPE_SYN
|
|
schema = info.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_SCHEMA_NAME)
|
|
name = info.attrGet(OCI_ATTR_NAME)
|
|
describe(schema + '.' + name)
|
|
else raise %Q{"DESC #{name}" failed; not a table or view.}
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
|
|
# The OracleConnectionFactory factors out the code necessary to connect and
|
|
# configure an Oracle/OCI connection.
|
|
class OracleConnectionFactory #:nodoc:
|
|
def new_connection(username, password, database, async, prefetch_rows, cursor_sharing)
|
|
conn = OCI8.new username, password, database
|
|
conn.exec %q{alter session set nls_date_format = 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'}
|
|
conn.exec %q{alter session set nls_timestamp_format = 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'} rescue nil
|
|
conn.autocommit = true
|
|
conn.non_blocking = true if async
|
|
conn.prefetch_rows = prefetch_rows
|
|
conn.exec "alter session set cursor_sharing = #{cursor_sharing}" rescue nil
|
|
conn
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
|
|
# The OCI8AutoRecover class enhances the OCI8 driver with auto-recover and
|
|
# reset functionality. If a call to #exec fails, and autocommit is turned on
|
|
# (ie., we're not in the middle of a longer transaction), it will
|
|
# automatically reconnect and try again. If autocommit is turned off,
|
|
# this would be dangerous (as the earlier part of the implied transaction
|
|
# may have failed silently if the connection died) -- so instead the
|
|
# connection is marked as dead, to be reconnected on it's next use.
|
|
class OCI8AutoRecover < DelegateClass(OCI8) #:nodoc:
|
|
attr_accessor :active
|
|
alias :active? :active
|
|
|
|
cattr_accessor :auto_retry
|
|
class << self
|
|
alias :auto_retry? :auto_retry
|
|
end
|
|
@@auto_retry = false
|
|
|
|
def initialize(config, factory = OracleConnectionFactory.new)
|
|
@active = true
|
|
@username, @password, @database, = config[:username], config[:password], config[:database]
|
|
@async = config[:allow_concurrency]
|
|
@prefetch_rows = config[:prefetch_rows] || 100
|
|
@cursor_sharing = config[:cursor_sharing] || 'similar'
|
|
@factory = factory
|
|
@connection = @factory.new_connection @username, @password, @database, @async, @prefetch_rows, @cursor_sharing
|
|
super @connection
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
# Checks connection, returns true if active. Note that ping actively
|
|
# checks the connection, while #active? simply returns the last
|
|
# known state.
|
|
def ping
|
|
@connection.exec("select 1 from dual") { |r| nil }
|
|
@active = true
|
|
rescue
|
|
@active = false
|
|
raise
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
# Resets connection, by logging off and creating a new connection.
|
|
def reset!
|
|
logoff rescue nil
|
|
begin
|
|
@connection = @factory.new_connection @username, @password, @database, @async, @prefetch_rows, @cursor_sharing
|
|
__setobj__ @connection
|
|
@active = true
|
|
rescue
|
|
@active = false
|
|
raise
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
# ORA-00028: your session has been killed
|
|
# ORA-01012: not logged on
|
|
# ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
|
|
# ORA-03114: not connected to ORACLE
|
|
LOST_CONNECTION_ERROR_CODES = [ 28, 1012, 3113, 3114 ]
|
|
|
|
# Adds auto-recovery functionality.
|
|
#
|
|
# See: http://www.jiubao.org/ruby-oci8/api.en.html#label-11
|
|
def exec(sql, *bindvars, &block)
|
|
should_retry = self.class.auto_retry? && autocommit?
|
|
|
|
begin
|
|
@connection.exec(sql, *bindvars, &block)
|
|
rescue OCIException => e
|
|
raise unless LOST_CONNECTION_ERROR_CODES.include?(e.code)
|
|
@active = false
|
|
raise unless should_retry
|
|
should_retry = false
|
|
reset! rescue nil
|
|
retry
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
end
|
|
|
|
rescue LoadError
|
|
# OCI8 driver is unavailable.
|
|
module ActiveRecord # :nodoc:
|
|
class Base
|
|
@@oracle_error_message = "Oracle/OCI libraries could not be loaded: #{$!.to_s}"
|
|
def self.oracle_connection(config) # :nodoc:
|
|
# Set up a reasonable error message
|
|
raise LoadError, @@oracle_error_message
|
|
end
|
|
def self.oci_connection(config) # :nodoc:
|
|
# Set up a reasonable error message
|
|
raise LoadError, @@oracle_error_message
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
end
|
|
end
|