435 lines
17 KiB
HTML
435 lines
17 KiB
HTML
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<div id="logo">
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<a href="index.html" title="Ruby on Rails"><img src="images/rails_logo_remix.gif" alt="Rails" height="140" width="110" /></a>
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</div>
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<h1 id="site_title"><span>Ruby on Rails</span></h1>
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<h2 id="site_title_tagline">Sustainable productivity for web-application development</h2>
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<ul id="navMain">
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<li class="first-child"><a href="http://www.rubyonrails.org/" title="Ruby on Rails" class="ruby_on_rails">Ruby on Rails</a></li>
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<li><a class="manuals" href="index.html" title="Manuals Index">Guides Index</a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div id="container">
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<h2>Chapters</h2>
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<ol>
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<li>
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<a href="#_command_line_basics">Command Line Basics</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#_rails">rails</a></li>
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<li><a href="#_server">server</a></li>
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<li><a href="#_generate">generate</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ol>
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</div>
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<div id="content">
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<h1>A Guide to The Rails Command Line</h1>
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<div id="preamble">
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<div class="sectionbody">
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<div class="para"><p>Rails comes with every command line tool you'll need to</p></div>
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<div class="ilist"><ul>
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<li>
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<p>
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Create a Rails application
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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Generate models, controllers, database migrations, and unit tests
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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Start a development server
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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Mess with objects through an interactive shell
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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Profile and benchmark your new creation
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</p>
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</li>
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</ul></div>
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<div class="para"><p>… and much, much more! (Buy now!)</p></div>
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<div class="para"><p>This tutorial assumes you have basic Rails knowledge from reading the Getting Started with Rails Guide.</p></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<h2 id="_command_line_basics">1. Command Line Basics</h2>
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<div class="sectionbody">
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<div class="para"><p>There are a few commands that are absolutely critical to your everyday usage of Rails. In the order of how much you'll probably use them are:</p></div>
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<div class="ilist"><ul>
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<li>
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<p>
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console
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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server
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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rake
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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generate
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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rails
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</p>
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</li>
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</ul></div>
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<div class="para"><p>Let's create a simple Rails application to step through each of these commands in context.</p></div>
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<h3 id="_rails">1.1. rails</h3>
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<div class="para"><p>The first thing we'll want to do is create a new Rails application by running the <tt>rails</tt> command after installing Rails.</p></div>
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<div class="admonitionblock">
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<table><tr>
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<td class="icon">
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<img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
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</td>
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<td class="content">You know you need the rails gem installed by typing <tt>gem install rails</tt> first, right? Okay, okay, just making sure.</td>
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</tr></table>
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</div>
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<div class="listingblock">
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<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
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by Lorenzo Bettini
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http://www.lorenzobettini.it
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http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
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<pre><tt>$ rails commandsapp
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create
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create app/controllers
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create app/helpers
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create app/models
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<span style="color: #990000">...</span>
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<span style="color: #990000">...</span>
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create log/production<span style="color: #990000">.</span>log
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create log/development<span style="color: #990000">.</span>log
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create log/test<span style="color: #990000">.</span>log
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</tt></pre></div></div>
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<div class="para"><p>Rails will set you up with what seems like a huge amount of stuff for such a tiny command! You've got the entire Rails directory structure now with all the code you need to run our simple application right out of the box.</p></div>
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<div class="admonitionblock">
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<table><tr>
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<td class="icon">
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<img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
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</td>
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<td class="content">This output will seem very familiar when we get to the <tt>generate</tt> command. Creepy foreshadowing!</td>
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</tr></table>
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</div>
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<h3 id="_server">1.2. server</h3>
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<div class="para"><p>Let's try it! The <tt>server</tt> command launches a small web server written in Ruby named WEBrick which was also installed when you installed Rails. You'll use this any time you want to view your work through a web browser.</p></div>
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<div class="admonitionblock">
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<table><tr>
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<td class="icon">
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<img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
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</td>
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<td class="content">WEBrick isn't your only option for serving Rails. We'll get to that in a later section. [XXX: which section]</td>
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</tr></table>
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</div>
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<div class="para"><p>Here we'll flex our <tt>server</tt> command, which without any prodding of any kind will run our new shiny Rails app:</p></div>
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<div class="listingblock">
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<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
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by Lorenzo Bettini
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http://www.lorenzobettini.it
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http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
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<pre><tt>$ cd commandsapp
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$ <span style="color: #990000">.</span>/script/server
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<span style="color: #990000">=></span> Booting WEBrick<span style="color: #990000">...</span>
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<span style="color: #990000">=></span> Rails <span style="color: #993399">2.2</span><span style="color: #990000">.</span><span style="color: #993399">0</span> application started on http<span style="color: #990000">://</span><span style="color: #993399">0.0</span><span style="color: #990000">.</span><span style="color: #993399">0.0</span><span style="color: #990000">:</span><span style="color: #993399">3000</span>
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<span style="color: #990000">=></span> Ctrl-C to shutdown server<span style="color: #990000">;</span> call with --help <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">for</span></span> options
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<span style="color: #990000">[</span><span style="color: #993399">2008</span>-<span style="color: #993399">11</span>-<span style="color: #993399">04</span> <span style="color: #993399">10</span><span style="color: #990000">:</span><span style="color: #993399">11</span><span style="color: #990000">:</span><span style="color: #993399">38</span><span style="color: #990000">]</span> INFO WEBrick <span style="color: #993399">1.3</span><span style="color: #990000">.</span><span style="color: #993399">1</span>
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<span style="color: #990000">[</span><span style="color: #993399">2008</span>-<span style="color: #993399">11</span>-<span style="color: #993399">04</span> <span style="color: #993399">10</span><span style="color: #990000">:</span><span style="color: #993399">11</span><span style="color: #990000">:</span><span style="color: #993399">38</span><span style="color: #990000">]</span> INFO ruby <span style="color: #993399">1.8</span><span style="color: #990000">.</span><span style="color: #993399">5</span> <span style="color: #990000">(</span><span style="color: #993399">2006</span>-<span style="color: #993399">12</span>-<span style="color: #993399">04</span><span style="color: #990000">)</span> <span style="color: #990000">[</span>i486-linux<span style="color: #990000">]</span>
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<span style="color: #990000">[</span><span style="color: #993399">2008</span>-<span style="color: #993399">11</span>-<span style="color: #993399">04</span> <span style="color: #993399">10</span><span style="color: #990000">:</span><span style="color: #993399">11</span><span style="color: #990000">:</span><span style="color: #993399">38</span><span style="color: #990000">]</span> INFO WEBrick<span style="color: #990000">::</span>HTTPServer<span style="font-style: italic"><span style="color: #9A1900">#start: pid=18994 port=3000</span></span>
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</tt></pre></div></div>
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<div class="para"><p>WHOA. With just three commands we whipped up a Rails server listening on port 3000. Go! Go right now to your browser and go to <a href="http://localhost:3000">http://localhost:3000</a>. I'll wait.</p></div>
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<div class="para"><p>See? Cool! It doesn't do much yet, but we'll change that.</p></div>
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<h3 id="_generate">1.3. generate</h3>
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<div class="para"><p>The <tt>generate</tt> command uses templates to create a whole lot of things. You can always find out what's available by running <tt>generate</tt> by itself. Let's do that:</p></div>
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<div class="listingblock">
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<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
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by Lorenzo Bettini
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http://www.lorenzobettini.it
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http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
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<pre><tt>$ <span style="color: #990000">.</span>/script/generate
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Usage<span style="color: #990000">:</span> <span style="color: #990000">.</span>/script/generate generator <span style="color: #990000">[</span>options<span style="color: #990000">]</span> <span style="color: #990000">[</span>args<span style="color: #990000">]</span>
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<span style="color: #990000">...</span>
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<span style="color: #990000">...</span>
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Installed Generators
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Builtin<span style="color: #990000">:</span> controller<span style="color: #990000">,</span> integration_test<span style="color: #990000">,</span> mailer<span style="color: #990000">,</span> migration<span style="color: #990000">,</span> model<span style="color: #990000">,</span> observer<span style="color: #990000">,</span> performance_test<span style="color: #990000">,</span> plugin<span style="color: #990000">,</span> resource<span style="color: #990000">,</span> scaffold<span style="color: #990000">,</span> session_migration
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<span style="color: #990000">...</span>
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<span style="color: #990000">...</span>
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</tt></pre></div></div>
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<div class="admonitionblock">
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<table><tr>
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<td class="icon">
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<img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
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</td>
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<td class="content">You can install more generators through generator gems, portions of plugins you'll undoubtedly install, and you can even create your own!</td>
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</tr></table>
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</div>
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<div class="para"><p>Using generators will save you a large amount of time by writing <strong>boilerplate code</strong> for you — necessary for the darn thing to work, but not necessary for you to spend time writing. That's what we have computers for, right?</p></div>
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<div class="para"><p>Let's make our own controller with the controller generator. But what command should we use? Let's ask the generator:</p></div>
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<div class="admonitionblock">
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<table><tr>
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<td class="icon">
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<img src="./images/icons/note.png" alt="Note" />
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</td>
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<td class="content">All Rails console utilities have help text. For commands that require a lot of input to run correctly, you can just try the command without any parameters (like <tt>rails</tt> or <tt>./script/generate</tt>). For others, you can try adding <tt>—help</tt> or <tt>-h</tt> to the end, as in <tt>./script/server —help</tt>.</td>
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</tr></table>
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</div>
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<div class="listingblock">
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<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
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by Lorenzo Bettini
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http://www.lorenzobettini.it
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http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
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<pre><tt>$ <span style="color: #990000">.</span>/script/generate controller
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Usage<span style="color: #990000">:</span> <span style="color: #990000">.</span>/script/generate controller ControllerName <span style="color: #990000">[</span>options<span style="color: #990000">]</span>
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<span style="color: #990000">...</span>
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<span style="color: #990000">...</span>
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Example<span style="color: #990000">:</span>
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`<span style="color: #990000">.</span>/script/generate controller CreditCard open debit credit close`
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Credit card controller with URLs like /credit_card/debit<span style="color: #990000">.</span>
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Controller<span style="color: #990000">:</span> app/controllers/credit_card_controller<span style="color: #990000">.</span>rb
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Views<span style="color: #990000">:</span> app/views/credit_card/debit<span style="color: #990000">.</span>html<span style="color: #990000">.</span>erb <span style="color: #990000">[...]</span>
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Helper<span style="color: #990000">:</span> app/helpers/credit_card_helper<span style="color: #990000">.</span>rb
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Test<span style="color: #990000">:</span> test/functional/credit_card_controller_test<span style="color: #990000">.</span>rb
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Modules Example<span style="color: #990000">:</span>
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`<span style="color: #990000">.</span>/script/generate controller <span style="color: #FF0000">'admin/credit_card'</span> <span style="font-weight: bold"><span style="color: #0000FF">suspend</span></span> late_fee`
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Credit card admin controller with URLs /admin/credit_card/suspend<span style="color: #990000">.</span>
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Controller<span style="color: #990000">:</span> app/controllers/admin/credit_card_controller<span style="color: #990000">.</span>rb
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Views<span style="color: #990000">:</span> app/views/admin/credit_card/debit<span style="color: #990000">.</span>html<span style="color: #990000">.</span>erb <span style="color: #990000">[...]</span>
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Helper<span style="color: #990000">:</span> app/helpers/admin/credit_card_helper<span style="color: #990000">.</span>rb
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Test<span style="color: #990000">:</span> test/functional/admin/credit_card_controller_test<span style="color: #990000">.</span>rb
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</tt></pre></div></div>
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<div class="para"><p>Ah, the controller generator is expecting parameters in the form of <tt>generate controller ControllerName action1 action2</tt>. Let's make a <tt>Greetings</tt> controller with an action of <strong>hello</strong>, which will say something nice to us.</p></div>
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<div class="listingblock">
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<div class="content"><!-- Generator: GNU source-highlight 2.9
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by Lorenzo Bettini
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http://www.lorenzobettini.it
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http://www.gnu.org/software/src-highlite -->
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<pre><tt>$ <span style="color: #990000">.</span>/script/generate controller Greeting hello
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exists app/controllers<span style="color: #990000">/</span>
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exists app/helpers<span style="color: #990000">/</span>
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create app/views/greeting
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exists test/functional<span style="color: #990000">/</span>
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create app/controllers/greetings_controller<span style="color: #990000">.</span>rb
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create test/functional/greetings_controller_test<span style="color: #990000">.</span>rb
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create app/helpers/greetings_helper<span style="color: #990000">.</span>rb
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create app/views/greetings/hello<span style="color: #990000">.</span>html<span style="color: #990000">.</span>erb
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</tt></pre></div></div>
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<div class="para"><p>Look there! Now what all did this generate? It looks like it made sure a bunch of directories were in our application, and created a controller file, a functional test file, a helper for the view, and a view file. All from one command!</p></div>
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</div>
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