Update to latest HTML5lib, Add Maruku testdir

Sync with the latest html5lib.
Having the Maruku unit tests on-hand may be useful for debugging; so let's include them.
master
Jacques Distler 2008-01-08 00:01:35 -06:00
parent ebc409e1a0
commit 1085168bbf
337 changed files with 21290 additions and 72 deletions

View File

@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ Manifest.txt
README
Rakefile.rb
bin/html5
lib/core_ext/string.rb
lib/html5.rb
lib/html5/constants.rb
lib/html5/filters/base.rb
@ -103,15 +102,15 @@ testdata/validator/ol-start-attribute.test
testdata/validator/starttags.test
testdata/validator/style-scoped-attribute.test
testdata/validator/tabindexattribute.test
tests/preamble.rb
tests/test_encoding.rb
tests/test_lxp.rb
tests/test_parser.rb
tests/test_sanitizer.rb
tests/test_serializer.rb
tests/test_sniffer.rb
tests/test_stream.rb
tests/test_tokenizer.rb
tests/test_treewalkers.rb
tests/test_validator.rb
tests/tokenizer_test_parser.rb
test/preamble.rb
test/test_encoding.rb
test/test_lxp.rb
test/test_parser.rb
test/test_sanitizer.rb
test/test_serializer.rb
test/test_sniffer.rb
test/test_stream.rb
test/test_tokenizer.rb
test/test_treewalkers.rb
test/test_validator.rb
test/tokenizer_test_parser.rb

View File

@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
module Kernel
def silence
if $VERBOSE
$VERBOSE = false
yield
$VERBOSE = true
else
yield
end
end
end

View File

@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
class String
alias old_format %
define_method("%") do |data|
unless data.kind_of?(Hash)
$VERBOSE = false
r = old_format(data)
$VERBOSE = true
r
else
ret = self.clone
data.each do |k,v|
ret.gsub!(/\%\(#{k}\)/, v)
end
ret
end
end
end

View File

@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
$:.unshift File.dirname(__FILE__), 'lib'
require 'html5'
require 'core_ext/string'
require 'ostruct'
require 'optparse'
@ -190,7 +189,7 @@ module HTML5::CLI
t1 = Time.new
print_output(p, document, opts)
t2 = Time.new
puts "\n\nRun took: %fs (plus %fs to print the output)"%[t1-t0, t2-t1]
puts "\n\nRun took: #{t1-t0}s (plus #{t2-t1}s to print the output)"
else
document = p.send(opts.parsemethod, *args)
print_output(p, document, opts)
@ -218,14 +217,32 @@ module HTML5::CLI
if opts.error
errList=[]
for pos, errorcode, datavars in parser.errors
errList << "Line #{pos[0]} Col #{pos[1]} " + (HTML5::E[errorcode] || "Unknown error \"#{errorcode}\"") % datavars
formatstring = HTML5::E[errorcode] || 'Unknown error "%(errorcode)"'
message = PythonicTemplate.new(formatstring).to_s(datavars)
errList << "Line #{pos[0]} Col #{pos[1]} " + message
end
$stdout.write("\nParse errors:\n" + errList.join("\n")+"\n")
end
end
class PythonicTemplate
# convert Python format string into a Ruby string, ready to eval
def initialize format
@format = format
@format.gsub!('"', '\\"')
@format.gsub!(/%\((\w+)\)/, '#{@_\1}')
@format = '"' + @format + '"'
end
# evaluate string
def to_s(vars=nil)
vars.each {|var,value| eval "@_#{var}=#{value.dump}"} if vars
eval @format
end
end
def self.run
options = parse_opts ARGV
parse options, ARGV
end
end
end

View File

@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ module HTML5
@tree = TreeBuilders::REXML::TreeBuilder
options.each {|name, value| instance_variable_set("@#{name}", value) }
@lowercase_attr_name = nil unless instance_variables.include?("@lowercase_attr_name")
@lowercase_element_name = nil unless instance_variables.include?("@lowercase_element_name")
@lowercase_attr_name = nil unless instance_variable_defined?("@lowercase_attr_name")
@lowercase_element_name = nil unless instance_variable_defined?("@lowercase_element_name")
@tree = @tree.new

View File

@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
require 'html5/html5parser/phase'
require 'core_ext/kernel'
module HTML5
class InBodyPhase < Phase
@ -51,10 +50,8 @@ module HTML5
super(parser, tree)
# for special handling of whitespace in <pre>
silence do
class << self
alias processSpaceCharactersNonPre processSpaceCharacters
end
class << self
alias processSpaceCharactersNonPre processSpaceCharacters
end
end
@ -62,9 +59,8 @@ module HTML5
# #Sometimes (start of <pre> blocks) we want to drop leading newlines
class << self
silence do
alias processSpaceCharacters processSpaceCharactersNonPre
end
remove_method :processSpaceCharacters rescue nil
alias processSpaceCharacters processSpaceCharactersNonPre
end
if (data.length > 0 and data[0] == ?\n &&
@ -119,9 +115,8 @@ module HTML5
@tree.insert_element(name, attributes)
if name == 'pre'
class << self
silence do
alias processSpaceCharacters processSpaceCharactersDropNewline
end
remove_method :processSpaceCharacters rescue nil
alias processSpaceCharacters processSpaceCharactersDropNewline
end
end
end
@ -293,7 +288,10 @@ module HTML5
# XXX Form element pointer checking here as well...
@tree.insert_element(name, attributes)
@parser.tokenizer.content_model_flag = :RCDATA
class << self; alias processSpaceCharacters processSpaceCharactersDropNewline; end
class << self
remove_method :processSpaceCharacters rescue nil
alias processSpaceCharacters processSpaceCharactersDropNewline
end
end
# iframe, noembed noframes, noscript(if scripting enabled)

View File

@ -33,6 +33,11 @@ module HTML5
options.each {|name, value| instance_variable_set("@#{name}", value) }
# partial Ruby 1.9 support
if @encoding and source.respond_to? :force_encoding
source.force_encoding(@encoding) rescue nil
end
# Raw Stream
@raw_stream = open_stream(source)
@ -265,6 +270,38 @@ module HTML5
@tell += 1
case c
when String
# partial Ruby 1.9 support
case c
when "\0"
@errors.push("null-character")
c = "\uFFFD" # null characters are invalid
when "\r"
@tell += 1 if @buffer[@tell] == "\n"
c = "\n"
when "\x80" .. "\x9F"
c = ''.force_encoding('UTF-8') << ENTITIES_WINDOWS1252[c.ord-0x80]
end
if c == "\x0D"
# normalize newlines
@tell += 1 if @buffer[@tell] == 0x0A
c = 0x0A
end
# update position in stream
if c == "\x0a"
@line_lengths << @col
@line += 1
@col = 0
else
@col += 1
end
# binary utf-8
c.ord > 126 ? [c.ord].pack('U') : c
when 0x01..0x7F
if c == 0x0D
# normalize newlines
@ -293,7 +330,7 @@ module HTML5
end
when 0xC0..0xFF
if instance_variables.include?("@win1252") && @win1252
if instance_variable_defined?("@win1252") && @win1252
"\xC3" + (c - 64).chr # convert to utf-8
# from http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-forms-utf-8.en.php
elsif @buffer[@tell - 1..@tell + 3] =~ /^
@ -340,7 +377,12 @@ module HTML5
end
def unget(characters)
@queue.unshift(*characters.to_a) unless characters == :EOF
return if characters == :EOF
if characters.respond_to? :to_a
@queue.unshift(*characters.to_a)
else
characters.reverse.each_char {|c| @queue.unshift(c)}
end
end
end

View File

@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ module HTML5
@inject_meta_charset = true
options.each do |name, value|
next unless instance_variables.include?("@#{name}")
next unless instance_variable_defined?("@#{name}")
@use_best_quote_char = false if name.to_s == 'quote_char'
instance_variable_set("@#{name}", value)
end

View File

@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
module HTML5
VERSION = '0.10.0'
end
VERSION = '0.10.1'
end

View File

@ -5,14 +5,13 @@ HTML5_BASE = File.dirname(File.dirname(File.dirname(File.expand_path(__FILE__)))
if File.exists?(File.join(HTML5_BASE, 'ruby', 'testdata'))
TESTDATA_DIR = File.join(HTML5_BASE, 'ruby', 'testdata')
else
TESTDATA_DIR = File.join(HTML5_BASE, 'testdata')
HTML5_BASE_RUBY = File.dirname(File.dirname(File.expand_path(__FILE__)))
TESTDATA_DIR = File.join(HTML5_BASE_RUBY, 'testdata')
end
$:.unshift File.join(File.dirname(File.dirname(__FILE__)), 'lib')
$:.unshift File.dirname(__FILE__)
require 'core_ext/string'
def html5_test_files(subdirectory)
Dir[File.join(TESTDATA_DIR, subdirectory, '*.*')]
end

View File

@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ require File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), 'preamble')
require 'html5/treebuilders'
require 'html5/html5parser'
require 'html5/cli'
$tree_types_to_test = ['simpletree', 'rexml']
@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ class Html5ParserTestCase < Test::Unit::TestCase
].join("\n")
actual_errors = parser.errors.map do |(line, col), message, datavars|
'Line: %i Col: %i %s' % [line, col, E[message] % datavars]
message = CLI::PythonicTemplate.new(E[message]).to_s(datavars)
"Line: #{line} Col: #{col} #{message}"
end
assert_equal errors, actual_errors, [

40
vendor/plugins/HTML5lib/test19.rb vendored Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
#
# This temporary test driver tracks progress on getting HTML5lib working
# on Ruby 1.9. Prereqs of Hoe, Hpricot, and UniversalDetector will be
# required to complete this.
#
# Once all the tests pass, this file should be deleted
#
require 'test/test_cli'
# requires UniversalDetector
# require 'test/test_encoding'
require 'test/test_input_stream'
# incompatible encoding regexp match
# require 'test/test_lxp'
require 'test/test_parser'
# warning: method redefined; discarding old test
# warning: instance variable @expanded_name not initialized
# require 'test/test_sanitizer'
# warning: instance variable @delegate_sd_obj not initialized
# require 'test/test_serializer'
# undebugged
# require 'test/test_sniffer'
require 'test/test_stream'
# warning: shadowing outer local variable - tokens
# require 'test/test_tokenizer'
# requires hpricot
# require 'test/test_treewalkers'
# warning: instance variable @delegate_sd_obj not initialized
# require 'test/test_validator'

11
vendor/plugins/maruku/AUTHORS vendored Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
Authors:
* [Andrea Censi](http://www.dis.uniroma1.it/~acensi)
Bug reporting, feature requests and praise:
* [Jacques Distler](http://golem.ph.utexas.edu/~distler)
* Snowman
* Sander Bouwhuis
* Aggelos Orfanakos

340
vendor/plugins/maruku/LICENSE vendored Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their
rights.
We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
distribute and/or modify the software.
Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
authors' reputations.
Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
modification follow.
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below,
refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
along with the Program.
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
parties under the terms of this License.
c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
collective works based on the Program.
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
the scope of this License.
3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
customarily used for software interchange; or,
c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
received the program in object code or executable form with such
an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
special exception, the source code distributed need not include
anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
itself accompanies the executable.
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
parties remain in full compliance.
5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
the Program or works based on it.
6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
this License.
7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
circumstances.
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
impose that choice.
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
be a consequence of the rest of this License.
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
Foundation.
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
NO WARRANTY
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may
be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
Public License instead of this License.

73
vendor/plugins/maruku/Rakefile vendored Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
require 'rubygems'
Gem::manage_gems
require 'rake/gempackagetask'
#require 'maruku_gem'
task :default => [:package]
#Rake::GemPackageTask.new($spec) do |pkg|
# pkg.need_zip = true
# pkg.need_tar = true
#end
#PKG_NAME = 'maruku'
#PKG_FILE_NAME = "#{PKG_NAME}-#{MaRuKu::Version}"
#RUBY_FORGE_PROJECT = PKG_NAME
#RUBY_FORGE_USER = 'andrea'
#RELEASE_NAME = MaRuKu::Version
#RUBY_FORGE_GROUPID = '2795'
#RUBY_FORGE_PACKAGEID = '3292'
desc "Publish the release files to RubyForge."
task :release => [:gem, :package] do
system("rubyforge login --username #{RUBY_FORGE_USER}")
gem = "pkg/#{PKG_FILE_NAME}.gem"
# -n notes/#{Maruku::Version}.txt
cmd = "rubyforge add_release %s %s \"%s\" %s" %
[RUBY_FORGE_GROUPID, RUBY_FORGE_PACKAGEID, RELEASE_NAME, gem]
puts cmd
system(cmd)
files = ["gem", "tgz", "zip"].map { |ext| "pkg/#{PKG_FILE_NAME}.#{ext}" }
files.each do |file|
# system("rubyforge add_file %s %s %s %s" %
# [RUBY_FORGE_GROUPID, RUBY_FORGE_PACKAGEID, RELEASE_NAME, file])
end
end
task :test => [:markdown_span_tests, :markdown_block_tests]
task :markdown_block_tests do
tests = Dir['tests/unittest/**/*.md'].join(' ')
puts "Executing tests #{tests}"
# ok = marutest(tests)
ok = system "ruby -I../syntax/lib -Ilib bin/marutest #{tests}"
raise "Failed block unittest" if not ok
end
task :markdown_span_tests do
ok = system( "ruby -Ilib -I.. lib/maruku/tests/new_parser.rb v b")
raise "Failed span unittest" if not ok
end
require 'rake/rdoctask'
Rake::RDocTask.new do |rdoc|
files = [#'README', 'LICENSE', 'COPYING',
'lib/**/*.rb',
'rdoc/*.rdoc'#, 'test/*.rb'
]
rdoc.rdoc_files.add(files)
rdoc.main = "rdoc/main.rdoc" # page to start on
rdoc.title = "Maruku Documentation"
rdoc.template = "jamis.rb"
rdoc.rdoc_dir = 'doc' # rdoc output folder
rdoc.options << '--line-numbers' << '--inline-source'
end

1451
vendor/plugins/maruku/bin/Markdown.pl vendored Executable file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff

168
vendor/plugins/maruku/bin/maruku vendored Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'maruku'
require 'optparse'
export = :html
break_on_error = false
using_math = false
using_mathml = false
output_file = nil
opt = OptionParser.new do |opts|
opts.banner = "Usage: maruku [options] [file1.md [file2.md ..."
opts.on("-v", "--[no-]verbose", "Run verbosely") do |v|
MaRuKu::Globals[:verbose] = v end
opts.on("-u", "--[no-]unsafe", "Use unsafe features") do |v|
MaRuKu::Globals[:unsafe_features] = v end
opts.on("-b", "Break on error") do |v|
break_on_error = true end
opts.on("-i", "--math-images ENGINE", "Uses ENGINE to render TeX to PNG.") do |s|
using_math = true
MaRuKu::Globals[:html_math_output_png] = true
MaRuKu::Globals[:html_math_output_mathml] = false
MaRuKu::Globals[:html_png_engine] = s
$stderr.puts "Using png engine #{s}."
end
opts.on("-m", "--math-engine ENGINE", "Uses ENGINE to render MathML") do |s|
MaRuKu::Globals[:html_math_output_png] = false
MaRuKu::Globals[:html_math_output_mathml] = true
using_math = true
using_mathml = true
MaRuKu::Globals[:html_math_engine] = s
end
opts.on("-o", "--output FILE", "Output filename") do |s|
output_file = s
end
opts.on_tail("--pdf", "Write PDF","First writes LaTeX, then calls pdflatex." ) do export = :pdf end
opts.on_tail("--s5", "Write S5 slideshow") do export = :s5 end
opts.on_tail("--html", "Write HTML") do export = :html end
opts.on_tail("--html-frag", "Write the contents of the BODY.") do export = :html_frag end
opts.on_tail("--tex", "Write LaTeX" ) do export = :tex end
opts.on_tail("--inspect", "Shows the parsing result" ) do export = :inspect end
opts.on_tail("--version", "Show version") do
puts OptionParser::Version.join('.')
exit
end
opts.on_tail("-h", "--help", "Show this message") do
puts opts
exit
end
end
begin
opt.parse!
rescue OptionParser::InvalidOption=>e
$stderr.puts e
$stderr.puts opt
exit
end
if using_math
$stderr.puts "Using Math extensions."
require 'maruku/ext/math'
end
#p ARGV
#p MaRuKu::Globals
inputs =
# If we are given filenames, convert each file
if not ARGV.empty?
ARGV.map do |f|
# read file content
$stderr.puts "Reading from #{f}."
[f, File.open(f,'r').read]
end
else
export = :html_frag if export == :html
export = :tex_frag if export == :tex
$stderr.puts "Reading from standard input."
[[nil, $stdin.read]]
end
inputs.each do |f, input|
# create Maruku
params = {}
params[:on_error] = break_on_error ? :raise : :warning
t = Time.now
doc = Maruku.new(input, params)
$stderr.puts "Parsing in %.2f seconds." % (Time.now-t)
out=""; suffix = "?"
t = Time.now
case export
when :html
suffix = using_mathml ? '.xhtml' : '.html'
out = doc.to_html_document( {:indent => -1})
when :html_frag
suffix='.html_frag'
out = doc.to_html( {:indent => -1})
when :pdf, :tex
suffix='.tex'
out = doc.to_latex_document
when :tex_frag
suffix='.tex_frag'
out = doc.to_latex
when :inspect
suffix='.txt'
out = doc.inspect
when :markdown
suffix='.pretty_md'
out = doc.to_markdown
when :s5
suffix='_s5slides.xhtml'
out = doc.to_s5({:content_only => false})
end
$stderr.puts "Rendering in %.2f seconds." % (Time.now-t)
# write to file or stdout
if f
if not output_file
dir = File.dirname(f)
job = File.join(dir, File.basename(f, File.extname(f)))
output_file = job + suffix
else
job = File.basename(output_file, File.extname(output_file))
end
if output_file == "-"
$stderr.puts "Writing to standard output"
$stdout.puts out
else
if not (export == :pdf)
$stderr.puts "Writing to #{output_file}"
File.open(output_file,'w') do |f| f.puts out end
else
$stderr.puts "Writing to #{job}.tex"
File.open("#{job}.tex",'w') do |f| f.puts out end
cmd = "pdflatex '#{job}.tex' -interaction=nonstopmode "+
"'-output-directory=#{dir}' "
$stderr.puts "maruku: executing $ #{cmd}"
# run twice for cross references
system cmd
system cmd
end
end
else # write to stdout
$stderr.puts "Writing to standard output"
$stdout.puts out
end
end

339
vendor/plugins/maruku/bin/marutest vendored Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'maruku'
#require 'maruku/textile2'
require 'maruku/input_textile2/t2_parser'
$marutest_language = :markdown
#MARKER = "\n***EOF***\n"
SPLIT = %r{\n\*\*\*[^\*]+\*\*\*\n}m
def marker(x)
"\n*** Output of #{x} ***\n"
end
def write_lines(i, j, lines, prefix, i_star)
i = [i, 0].max
j = [j, lines.size-1].min
for a in i..j
l = lines[a].gsub(/\t/,' ')
puts( ("%s %3d" % [prefix, a]) +
(a==i_star ? " -->" : " ")+lines[a])
end
end
# a = expected b = found
def equals(a, b)
a = a.split("\n")
b = b.split("\n")
for i in 0..([a.size-1,b.size-1].max)
la = a[i]
lb = b[i]
if la != lb
puts "\n"
write_lines(i-3, i+3, a, "expected", i )
write_lines(i-3, i+3, b, " found", i )
return false
end
end
return true
end
TOTEST = [:inspect,:to_html,:to_latex,:to_md,:to_s]
def run_test(filename, its_ok, verbose=true)
# read file content
input = (f=File.open(filename,'r')).read; f.close
output_html = File.join(File.dirname(filename),
File.basename(filename, File.extname(filename)) + ".html")
# split the input in sections
stuff = input.split(SPLIT)
if stuff.size == 1
stuff[2] = stuff[0]
stuff[0] = "Write a comment here"
stuff[1] = "{} # params "
end
comment = stuff.shift
params_s = stuff.shift
params = eval(params_s||'{}')
if params == nil
raise "Null params? #{params_s.inspect}"
end
markdown = stuff.shift
# puts "comment: #{markdown.inspect}"
# puts "markdown: #{markdown.inspect}"
failed = []
relaxed = []
crashed = []
actual = {}
doc =
if $marutest_language == :markdown
Maruku.new(markdown, params)
else
MaRuKu.textile2(markdown, params)
end
for s in TOTEST
begin
if s==:to_html
actual[s] = doc.to_html
else
actual[s] = doc.send s
raise "Methods #{s} gave nil" if not actual[s]
end
rescue Exception => e
crashed << s
actual[s] = e.inspect+ "\n"+ e.backtrace.join("\n")
puts actual[s]
end
end
File.open(output_html, 'w') do |f|
f.write doc.to_html_document
end
begin
m = Maruku.new
d = m.instance_eval(actual[:inspect])
rescue Exception => e
s = e.inspect + e.backtrace.join("\n")
raise "Inspect is not correct:\n ========\n#{actual[:inspect]}"+
"============\n #{s}"
end
expected = {}
if (stuff.size < TOTEST.size)
$stdout.write " (first time!) "
TOTEST.each do |x| expected[x] = actual[x] end
else
TOTEST.each_index do |i|
symbol = TOTEST[i]
expected[symbol] = stuff[i]
# puts "symbol: #{symbol.inspect} = #{stuff[i].inspect}"
end
end
m = Maruku.new
if not its_ok.include? :inspect
begin
d = m.instance_eval(expected[:inspect])
# puts "Eval: #{d.inspect}"
expected[:inspect] = d.inspect
rescue Exception => e
s = e.inspect + e.backtrace.join("\n")
raise "Cannot eval user-provided string:\n #{expected[:inspect].to_s}"+
"\n #{s}"
end
end
# m.instance_eval(actual[:inspect]) != m.instance_eval(expected[:inspect])
# actual[:inspect] = m.instance_eval(actual[:inspect])
# expected[:inspect] = m.instance_eval(expected[:inspect])
TOTEST.each do |x|
expected[x].strip!
actual[x].strip!
if not equals(expected[x], actual[x])
if its_ok.include? x
expected[x] = actual[x]
$stdout.write " relax:#{x} "
relaxed << x
else
actual[x] = "-----| WARNING | -----\n" + actual[x].to_s
failed << x
end
end
end
f = File.open(filename, 'w')
f.write comment
f.write "\n*** Parameters: ***\n"
f.write params_s
f.write "\n*** Markdown input: ***\n"
f.write markdown
TOTEST.each do |x|
f.write marker(x)
f.write expected[x]
end
f.write "\n*** EOF ***\n"
if not failed.empty? or not crashed.empty?
f.puts "\n\n\n\nFailed tests: #{failed.inspect} \n"
TOTEST.each do |x|
f.write marker(x)
f.write actual[x]
end
else
f.puts "\n\n\n\tOK!\n\n\n"
end
md_pl = markdown_pl(markdown)
f.write "\n*** Output of Markdown.pl ***\n"
f.write md_pl
f.write "\n*** Output of Markdown.pl (parsed) ***\n"
begin
doc = REXML::Document.new("<div>#{md_pl}</div>",{
:compress_whitespace=>['div','p'],
:ignore_whitespace_nodes=>['div','p'],
:respect_whitespace=>['pre','code']
})
div = doc.root
xml =""
div.write_children(xml,indent=1,transitive=true,ie_hack=false)
f.write xml
rescue Exception=>e
f.puts "Error: #{e.inspect}"
end
f.close
return failed, relaxed, crashed
end
def markdown_pl(markdown)
tmp1 = "/tmp/marutest1"
tmp2 = "/tmp/marutest2"
File.open(tmp1,'w') do |f| f.puts markdown end
system "bin/Markdown.pl < #{tmp1} > #{tmp2}"
f = File.open(tmp2,'r')
s = f.read
f.close
s
end
def passed?(args, arg)
if args.include? arg
args.delete arg
true
else
false
end
end
def marutest(args)
dont_worry = []
TOTEST.each do |x|
arg = "ok:#{x}"
# puts arg
if passed?(args, arg)
dont_worry << x
end
end
if passed?(args, 'ok')
dont_worry = TOTEST.clone
end
if dont_worry.size > 0
puts "Relaxed on #{dont_worry.inspect}"
end
failed = {}
relaxed = {}
args.each do |f|
$stdout.write f + ' '*(50-f.size) + " "
$stdout.flush
tf, tr, tcrashed = run_test(f, dont_worry)
tf = tf + tcrashed
if tr.size > 0
$stdout.write " relax #{tr.inspect} "
end
if tf.size>0
$stdout.write " failed on #{tf.inspect} "
else
$stdout.write " OK "
end
if tcrashed.size > 0
$stdout.write " CRASHED on #{tcrashed.inspect}"
end
$stdout.write "\n"
failed[f] = tf
relaxed[f] = tr
end
num_failed = 0
failed_cat = {}
puts "\n\n\n**** FINAL REPORT ****\n\n"
if failed.size > 0
failed.each do |file, fl|
num_failed += fl.size
if fl.size > 0
puts "\t#{file}\tfailed on #{fl.inspect}"
end
fl.each do |x|
failed_cat[x] = failed_cat[x] || 0
failed_cat[x] = failed_cat[x] + 1
end
end
end
if dont_worry.size > 0
puts "Relaxed on #{dont_worry.inspect}"
end
if relaxed.size > 0
relaxed.each do |file, r|
if r.size > 0
puts "\t#{file}\t\trelaxed on #{r.inspect}"
end
end
end
if failed_cat.size > 0
puts "\nCategories:\n"
failed_cat.each do |x, num|
puts "\t#{x.inspect} \tfailed #{num}/#{args.size}"
end
end
return num_failed == 0
end
if File.basename(__FILE__) == 'marutest'
if ARGV.empty?
puts "marutest is a tool for running Maruku's unittest."
exit 1
end
ok = marutest(ARGV.clone)
exit ok ? 0 : -1
end

31
vendor/plugins/maruku/bin/marutex vendored Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
#!/usr/bin/env ruby
require 'maruku'
if File.basename($0) =~ /^marutex/
# Convert each file
ARGV.each do |f|
puts "Opening #{f}"
# read file content
input = File.open(f,'r').read
# create Maruku
doc = Maruku.new(input)
# convert to a complete html document
latex = doc.to_latex_document
# write to file
dir = File.dirname(f)
job = File.join(dir, File.basename(f, File.extname(f)))
filename = job + ".tex"
File.open(filename,'w') do |f| f.puts latex end
# run twice for cross references
system "pdflatex '#{job}' '-output-directory=#{dir}' "
system "pdflatex '#{job}' '-output-directory=#{dir}' "
# system "open #{job}.pdf"
end
end

View File

@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ module MaRuKu; module In; module Markdown; module SpanLevelParser
extension_meta(src, con, break_on_chars)
else
stuff = read_simple(src, escaped=[?}], break_on_chars, [])
if stuff =~ /^(\w+\s|[^\w])/
if stuff =~ /^(\w+\s|[^\w])/u
extension_id = $1.strip
if false
else

5
vendor/plugins/maruku/tests/Makefile vendored Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
test:
ruby -I../lib ../bin/marutest unittest/*.md
all:
./convert_all.sh

View File

@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
#!/usr/bin/perl
#
# MarkdownTester -- Run tests for Markdown implementations
#
# Copyright (c) 2004 John Gruber
# <http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/>
#
use strict;
use warnings;
use Getopt::Long;
use Benchmark;
our $VERSION = '1.0';
# Mon 13 Dec 2004
my $time_start = new Benchmark;
my $test_dir = "Tests";
my $script = "./Markdown.pl";
my $use_tidy = 0;
my ($flag_version);
GetOptions (
"script=s" => \$script,
"testdir=s" => \$test_dir,
"tidy" => \$use_tidy,
"version" => \$flag_version,
);
if($flag_version) {
my $progname = $0;
$progname =~ s{.*/}{};
die "$progname version $VERSION\n";
}
unless (-d $test_dir) { die "'$test_dir' is not a directory.\n"; }
unless (-f $script) { die "$script does not exist.\n"; }
unless (-x $script) { die "$script is not executable.\n"; }
my $tests_passed = 0;
my $tests_failed = 0;
foreach my $testfile (glob "$test_dir/*.text") {
my $testname = $testfile;
$testname =~ s{.*/(.+)\.text$}{$1}i;
print "$testname ... ";
# Look for a corresponding .html file for each .text file:
my $resultfile = $testfile;
$resultfile =~ s{\.text$}{\.html}i;
unless (-f $resultfile) {die "'$resultfile' does not exist.\n";}
# open(TEST, $testfile) || die("Can't open testfile: $!");
open(RESULT, $resultfile) || die("Can't open resultfile: $!");
undef $/;
# my $t_input = <TEST>;
my $t_result = <RESULT>;
my $t_output = `$script '$testfile'`;
# Normalize the output and expected result strings:
$t_result =~ s/\s+\z//; # trim trailing whitespace
$t_output =~ s/\s+\z//; # trim trailing whitespace
if ($use_tidy) {
# Escape the strings, pass them through to CLI tidy tool for tag-level equivalency
$t_result =~ s{'}{'\\''}g; # escape ' chars for shell
$t_output =~ s{'}{'\\''}g;
$t_result = `echo '$t_result' | tidy --show-body-only 1 --quiet 1 --show-warnings 0`;
$t_output = `echo '$t_output' | tidy --show-body-only 1 --quiet 1 --show-warnings 0`;
}
if ($t_output eq $t_result) {
print "OK\n";
$tests_passed++;
}
else {
print "FAILED\n\n";
$tests_failed++;
}
}
print "\n\n";
print "$tests_passed passed; $tests_failed failed.\n";
my $time_end = new Benchmark;
my $time_diff = timediff($time_end, $time_start);
print "Benchmark: ", timestr($time_diff), "\n";
__END__
=pod
=head1 NAME
B<MarkdownTest>
=head1 SYNOPSIS
B<MarkdownTest.pl> [ B<--options> ] [ I<file> ... ]
=head1 DESCRIPTION
=head1 OPTIONS
Use "--" to end switch parsing. For example, to open a file named "-z", use:
MarkdownTest.pl -- -z
=over 4
=item B<--script>
Specify the path to the Markdown script to test. Defaults to
"./Markdown.pl". Example:
./MarkdownTest.pl --script ./PHP-Markdown/php-markdown
=item B<--testdir>
Specify the path to a directory containing test data. Defaults to "Tests".
=item B<--tidy>
Flag to turn on using the command line 'tidy' tool to normalize HTML
output before comparing script output to the expected test result.
Assumes that the 'tidy' command is available in your PATH. Defaults to
off.
=back
=head1 BUGS
=head1 VERSION HISTORY
1.0 Mon 13 Dec 2004
=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Copyright (c) 2004 John Gruber
<http://daringfireball.net/>
All rights reserved.
This is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under
the same terms as Perl itself.
=cut

View File

@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd'>
<html lang='en' xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<head><meta content='text/html; charset=utf-8' http-equiv='Content-type' />
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<p>AT&amp;T has an ampersand in their name.</p>
<p>AT&amp;T is another way to write it.</p>
<p>This &amp; that.</p>
<p>4 &lt; 5.</p>
<p>6 &gt; 5.</p>
<p>Here&apos;s a <a href='http://example.com/?foo=1&amp;bar=2'>link</a> with an ampersand in the URL.</p>
<p>Here&apos;s a <a href='http://example.com/?foo=1&amp;bar=2'>link</a> with an ampersand in the URL.</p>
<p>Here&apos;s a link with an amersand in the link text: <a href='http://att.com/' title='AT&amp;T'>AT&amp;T</a>.</p>
<p>Here&apos;s an inline <a href='/script?foo=1&amp;bar=2'>link</a>.</p>
<p>Here&apos;s an inline <a href='/script?foo=1&amp;bar=2'>link</a>.</p>
<div class='footnotes'>
<hr />
<ol />
</div>
<div class='maruku_signature'>
<hr />
<span style='font-size: small; font-style: italic'>Created by <a href='http://maruku.rubyforge.org' title='Maruku: a Markdown interpreter'>Maruku</a> at 23:15 on Friday, January 05th, 2007.</span></div>
</body></html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
<p>AT&amp;T has an ampersand in their name.</p>
<p>AT&amp;T is another way to write it.</p>
<p>This &amp; that.</p>
<p>4 &lt; 5.</p>
<p>6 > 5.</p>
<p>Here's a <a href="http://example.com/?foo=1&amp;bar=2">link</a> with an ampersand in the URL.</p>
<p>Here's a link with an amersand in the link text: <a href="http://att.com/" title="AT&amp;T">AT&amp;T</a>.</p>
<p>Here's an inline <a href="/script?foo=1&amp;bar=2">link</a>.</p>
<p>Here's an inline <a href="/script?foo=1&amp;bar=2">link</a>.</p>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
AT&T has an ampersand in their name.
AT&amp;T is another way to write it.
This & that.
4 < 5.
6 > 5.
Here's a [link][1] with an ampersand in the URL.
Here's a [link] [1] with an ampersand in the URL.
Here's a link with an amersand in the link text: [AT&T] [2].
Here's an inline [link](/script?foo=1&bar=2).
Here's an inline [link](</script?foo=1&bar=2>).
[1]: http://example.com/?foo=1&bar=2
[2]: http://att.com/ "AT&T"

View File

@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd'>
<html lang='en' xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<head><meta content='text/html; charset=utf-8' http-equiv='Content-type' />
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<p>With an ampersand: <a href='http://example.com/?foo=1&amp;bar=2'>http://example.com/?foo=1&amp;bar=2</a></p>
<ul>
<li>In a list?</li>
<li><a href='http://example.com/'>http://example.com/</a></li>
<li>It should.</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>Blockquoted: <a href='http://example.com/'>http://example.com/</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>Auto-links should not occur here: <code>&lt;http://example.com/&gt;</code></p>
<pre><code>or here: &lt;http://example.com/&gt;</code></pre>
<div class='footnotes'>
<hr />
<ol />
</div>
<div class='maruku_signature'>
<hr />
<span style='font-size: small; font-style: italic'>Created by <a href='http://maruku.rubyforge.org' title='Maruku: a Markdown interpreter'>Maruku</a> at 23:15 on Friday, January 05th, 2007.</span></div>
</body></html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
<p>Link: <a href="http://example.com/">http://example.com/</a>.</p>
<p>With an ampersand: <a href="http://example.com/?foo=1&amp;bar=2">http://example.com/?foo=1&amp;bar=2</a></p>
<ul>
<li>In a list?</li>
<li><a href="http://example.com/">http://example.com/</a></li>
<li>It should.</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>Blockquoted: <a href="http://example.com/">http://example.com/</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>Auto-links should not occur here: <code>&lt;http://example.com/&gt;</code></p>
<pre><code>or here: &lt;http://example.com/&gt;
</code></pre>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
Link: <http://example.com/>.
With an ampersand: <http://example.com/?foo=1&bar=2>
* In a list?
* <http://example.com/>
* It should.
> Blockquoted: <http://example.com/>
Auto-links should not occur here: `<http://example.com/>`
or here: <http://example.com/>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd'>
<html lang='en' xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<head><meta content='text/html; charset=utf-8' http-equiv='Content-type' />
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<p>These should all get escaped:</p>
<p>Backslash: \</p>
<p>Backtick: `</p>
<p>Asterisk: *</p>
<p>Underscore: _</p>
<p>Left brace: {</p>
<p>Right brace: }</p>
<p>Left bracket: [</p>
<p>Right bracket: ]</p>
<p>Left paren: (</p>
<p>Right paren: )</p>
<p>Greater-than: &gt;</p>
<p>Hash: #</p>
<p>Period: .</p>
<p>Bang: !</p>
<p>Plus: +</p>
<p>Minus: -</p>
<p>These should not, because they occur within a code block:</p>
<pre><code>Backslash: \\
Backtick: \`
Asterisk: \*
Underscore: \_
Left brace: \{
Right brace: \}
Left bracket: \[
Right bracket: \]
Left paren: \(
Right paren: \)
Greater-than: \&gt;
Hash: \#
Period: \.
Bang: \!
Plus: \+
Minus: \-
</code></pre>
<p>Nor should these, which occur in code spans:</p>
<p>Backslash: <code>\\</code></p>
<p>Backtick: <code>\`</code></p>
<p>Asterisk: <code>\*</code></p>
<p>Underscore: <code>\_</code></p>
<p>Left brace: <code>\{</code></p>
<p>Right brace: <code>\}</code></p>
<p>Left bracket: <code>\[</code></p>
<p>Right bracket: <code>\]</code></p>
<p>Left paren: <code>\(</code></p>
<p>Right paren: <code>\)</code></p>
<p>Greater-than: <code>\&gt;</code></p>
<p>Hash: <code>\#</code></p>
<p>Period: <code>\.</code></p>
<p>Bang: <code>\!</code></p>
<p>Plus: <code>\+</code></p>
<p>Minus: <code>\-</code></p>
<div class='footnotes'>
<hr />
<ol />
</div>
<div class='maruku_signature'>
<hr />
<span style='font-size: small; font-style: italic'>Created by <a href='http://maruku.rubyforge.org' title='Maruku: a Markdown interpreter'>Maruku</a> at 23:15 on Friday, January 05th, 2007.</span></div>
</body></html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
<p>These should all get escaped:</p>
<p>Backslash: \</p>
<p>Backtick: `</p>
<p>Asterisk: *</p>
<p>Underscore: _</p>
<p>Left brace: {</p>
<p>Right brace: }</p>
<p>Left bracket: [</p>
<p>Right bracket: ]</p>
<p>Left paren: (</p>
<p>Right paren: )</p>
<p>Greater-than: ></p>
<p>Hash: #</p>
<p>Period: .</p>
<p>Bang: !</p>
<p>Plus: +</p>
<p>Minus: -</p>
<p>These should not, because they occur within a code block:</p>
<pre><code>Backslash: \\
Backtick: \`
Asterisk: \*
Underscore: \_
Left brace: \{
Right brace: \}
Left bracket: \[
Right bracket: \]
Left paren: \(
Right paren: \)
Greater-than: \&gt;
Hash: \#
Period: \.
Bang: \!
Plus: \+
Minus: \-
</code></pre>
<p>Nor should these, which occur in code spans:</p>
<p>Backslash: <code>\\</code></p>
<p>Backtick: <code>\`</code></p>
<p>Asterisk: <code>\*</code></p>
<p>Underscore: <code>\_</code></p>
<p>Left brace: <code>\{</code></p>
<p>Right brace: <code>\}</code></p>
<p>Left bracket: <code>\[</code></p>
<p>Right bracket: <code>\]</code></p>
<p>Left paren: <code>\(</code></p>
<p>Right paren: <code>\)</code></p>
<p>Greater-than: <code>\&gt;</code></p>
<p>Hash: <code>\#</code></p>
<p>Period: <code>\.</code></p>
<p>Bang: <code>\!</code></p>
<p>Plus: <code>\+</code></p>
<p>Minus: <code>\-</code></p>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
These should all get escaped:
Backslash: \\
Backtick: \`
Asterisk: \*
Underscore: \_
Left brace: \{
Right brace: \}
Left bracket: \[
Right bracket: \]
Left paren: \(
Right paren: \)
Greater-than: \>
Hash: \#
Period: \.
Bang: \!
Plus: \+
Minus: \-
These should not, because they occur within a code block:
Backslash: \\
Backtick: \`
Asterisk: \*
Underscore: \_
Left brace: \{
Right brace: \}
Left bracket: \[
Right bracket: \]
Left paren: \(
Right paren: \)
Greater-than: \>
Hash: \#
Period: \.
Bang: \!
Plus: \+
Minus: \-
Nor should these, which occur in code spans:
Backslash: `\\`
Backtick: `` \` ``
Asterisk: `\*`
Underscore: `\_`
Left brace: `\{`
Right brace: `\}`
Left bracket: `\[`
Right bracket: `\]`
Left paren: `\(`
Right paren: `\)`
Greater-than: `\>`
Hash: `\#`
Period: `\.`
Bang: `\!`
Plus: `\+`
Minus: `\-`

View File

@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd'>
<html lang='en' xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<head><meta content='text/html; charset=utf-8' http-equiv='Content-type' />
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<blockquote>
<p>Example:</p>
<pre><code>sub status {
print &quot;working&quot;;
}
</code></pre>
<p>Or:</p>
<pre><code>sub status {
return &quot;working&quot;;
}</code></pre>
</blockquote>
<div class='footnotes'>
<hr />
<ol />
</div>
<div class='maruku_signature'>
<hr />
<span style='font-size: small; font-style: italic'>Created by <a href='http://maruku.rubyforge.org' title='Maruku: a Markdown interpreter'>Maruku</a> at 23:15 on Friday, January 05th, 2007.</span></div>
</body></html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
<blockquote>
<p>Example:</p>
<pre><code>sub status {
print "working";
}
</code></pre>
<p>Or:</p>
<pre><code>sub status {
return "working";
}
</code></pre>
</blockquote>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
> Example:
>
> sub status {
> print "working";
> }
>
> Or:
>
> sub status {
> return "working";
> }

View File

@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd'>
<html lang='en' xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<head><meta content='text/html; charset=utf-8' http-equiv='Content-type' />
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<p>In Markdown 1.0.0 and earlier. Version 8. This line turns into a list item. Because a hard-wrapped line in the middle of a paragraph looked like a list item.</p>
<p>Here&apos;s one with a bullet. * criminey.</p>
<div class='footnotes'>
<hr />
<ol />
</div>
<div class='maruku_signature'>
<hr />
<span style='font-size: small; font-style: italic'>Created by <a href='http://maruku.rubyforge.org' title='Maruku: a Markdown interpreter'>Maruku</a> at 23:15 on Friday, January 05th, 2007.</span></div>
</body></html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
<p>In Markdown 1.0.0 and earlier. Version
8. This line turns into a list item.
Because a hard-wrapped line in the
middle of a paragraph looked like a
list item.</p>
<p>Here's one with a bullet.
* criminey.</p>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
In Markdown 1.0.0 and earlier. Version
8. This line turns into a list item.
Because a hard-wrapped line in the
middle of a paragraph looked like a
list item.
Here's one with a bullet.
* criminey.

View File

@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd'>
<html lang='en' xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<head><meta content='text/html; charset=utf-8' http-equiv='Content-type' />
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Dashes:</p>
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<pre><code>---
</code></pre>
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<pre><code>- - -
</code></pre>
<p>Asterisks:</p>
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<pre><code>***
</code></pre>
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<pre><code>* * *
</code></pre>
<p>Underscores:</p>
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<pre><code>___
</code></pre>
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<pre><code>_ _ _</code></pre>
<div class='footnotes'>
<hr />
<ol />
</div>
<div class='maruku_signature'>
<hr />
<span style='font-size: small; font-style: italic'>Created by <a href='http://maruku.rubyforge.org' title='Maruku: a Markdown interpreter'>Maruku</a> at 23:15 on Friday, January 05th, 2007.</span></div>
</body></html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
<p>Dashes:</p>
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<pre><code>---
</code></pre>
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<pre><code>- - -
</code></pre>
<p>Asterisks:</p>
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<pre><code>***
</code></pre>
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<pre><code>* * *
</code></pre>
<p>Underscores:</p>
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<pre><code>___
</code></pre>
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<pre><code>_ _ _
</code></pre>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
Dashes:
---
---
---
---
---
- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
- - -
Asterisks:
***
***
***
***
***
* * *
* * *
* * *
* * *
* * *
Underscores:
___
___
___
___
___
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _
_ _ _

View File

@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd'>
<html lang='en' xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<head><meta content='text/html; charset=utf-8' http-equiv='Content-type' />
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Simple block on one line:</p>
<div>foo</div>
<p>And nested without indentation:</p>
<div>
<div>
<div>
foo
</div>
</div>
<div>bar</div>
</div>
<div class='footnotes'>
<hr />
<ol />
</div>
<div class='maruku_signature'>
<hr />
<span style='font-size: small; font-style: italic'>Created by <a href='http://maruku.rubyforge.org' title='Maruku: a Markdown interpreter'>Maruku</a> at 23:15 on Friday, January 05th, 2007.</span></div>
</body></html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
<p>Simple block on one line:</p>
<div>foo</div>
<p>And nested without indentation:</p>
<div>
<div>
<div>
foo
</div>
</div>
<div>bar</div>
</div>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
Simple block on one line:
<div>foo</div>
And nested without indentation:
<div>
<div>
<div>
foo
</div>
</div>
<div>bar</div>
</div>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd'>
<html lang='en' xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<head><meta content='text/html; charset=utf-8' http-equiv='Content-type' />
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Here&apos;s a simple block:</p>
<div>
foo
</div>
<p>This should be a code block, though:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;div&gt;
foo
&lt;/div&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>As should this:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;div&gt;foo&lt;/div&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Now, nested:</p>
<div>
<div>
<div>
foo
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>This should just be an HTML comment:</p>
<!-- Comment -->
<p>Multiline:</p>
<!--
Blah
Blah
-->
<p>Code block:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;!-- Comment --&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Just plain comment, with trailing spaces on the line:</p>
<!-- foo -->
<p>Code:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;hr /&gt;</code></pre>
<p>Hr&apos;s:</p>
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<hr />
<hr class='foo' id='bar' />
<hr class='foo' id='bar' />
<hr class='foo' id='bar' />
<div class='footnotes'>
<hr />
<ol />
</div>
<div class='maruku_signature'>
<hr />
<span style='font-size: small; font-style: italic'>Created by <a href='http://maruku.rubyforge.org' title='Maruku: a Markdown interpreter'>Maruku</a> at 23:15 on Friday, January 05th, 2007.</span></div>
</body></html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
<p>Here's a simple block:</p>
<div>
foo
</div>
<p>This should be a code block, though:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;div&gt;
foo
&lt;/div&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>As should this:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;div&gt;foo&lt;/div&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Now, nested:</p>
<div>
<div>
<div>
foo
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>This should just be an HTML comment:</p>
<!-- Comment -->
<p>Multiline:</p>
<!--
Blah
Blah
-->
<p>Code block:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;!-- Comment --&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Just plain comment, with trailing spaces on the line:</p>
<!-- foo -->
<p>Code:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;hr /&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Hr's:</p>
<hr>
<hr/>
<hr />
<hr>
<hr/>
<hr />
<hr class="foo" id="bar" />
<hr class="foo" id="bar"/>
<hr class="foo" id="bar" >

View File

@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
Here's a simple block:
<div>
foo
</div>
This should be a code block, though:
<div>
foo
</div>
As should this:
<div>foo</div>
Now, nested:
<div>
<div>
<div>
foo
</div>
</div>
</div>
This should just be an HTML comment:
<!-- Comment -->
Multiline:
<!--
Blah
Blah
-->
Code block:
<!-- Comment -->
Just plain comment, with trailing spaces on the line:
<!-- foo -->
Code:
<hr />
Hr's:
<hr>
<hr/>
<hr />
<hr>
<hr/>
<hr />
<hr class="foo" id="bar" />
<hr class="foo" id="bar"/>
<hr class="foo" id="bar" >

View File

@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd'>
<html lang='en' xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<head><meta content='text/html; charset=utf-8' http-equiv='Content-type' />
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Paragraph one.</p>
<!-- This is a simple comment --><!--
This is another comment.
-->
<p>Paragraph two.</p>
<!-- one comment block -- -- with two comments -->
<p>The end.</p>
<div class='footnotes'>
<hr />
<ol />
</div>
<div class='maruku_signature'>
<hr />
<span style='font-size: small; font-style: italic'>Created by <a href='http://maruku.rubyforge.org' title='Maruku: a Markdown interpreter'>Maruku</a> at 23:15 on Friday, January 05th, 2007.</span></div>
</body></html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
<p>Paragraph one.</p>
<!-- This is a simple comment -->
<!--
This is another comment.
-->
<p>Paragraph two.</p>
<!-- one comment block -- -- with two comments -->
<p>The end.</p>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
Paragraph one.
<!-- This is a simple comment -->
<!--
This is another comment.
-->
Paragraph two.
<!-- one comment block -- -- with two comments -->
The end.

View File

@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd'>
<html lang='en' xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<head><meta content='text/html; charset=utf-8' http-equiv='Content-type' />
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Just a <a href='/url/'>URL</a>.</p>
<p><a href='/url/' title='title'>URL and title</a>.</p>
<p><a href='/url/' title='title preceded by two spaces'>URL and title</a>.</p>
<p><a href='/url/' title='title preceded by a tab'>URL and title</a>.</p>
<p><a href=''>Empty</a>.</p>
<div class='footnotes'>
<hr />
<ol />
</div>
<div class='maruku_signature'>
<hr />
<span style='font-size: small; font-style: italic'>Created by <a href='http://maruku.rubyforge.org' title='Maruku: a Markdown interpreter'>Maruku</a> at 23:15 on Friday, January 05th, 2007.</span></div>
</body></html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
<p>Just a <a href="/url/">URL</a>.</p>
<p><a href="/url/" title="title">URL and title</a>.</p>
<p><a href="/url/" title="title preceded by two spaces">URL and title</a>.</p>
<p><a href="/url/" title="title preceded by a tab">URL and title</a>.</p>
<p><a href="">Empty</a>.</p>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
Just a [URL](/url/).
[URL and title](/url/ "title").
[URL and title](/url/ "title preceded by two spaces").
[URL and title](/url/ "title preceded by a tab").
[Empty]().

View File

@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd'>
<html lang='en' xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<head><meta content='text/html; charset=utf-8' http-equiv='Content-type' />
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Foo <a href='/url/' title='Title'>bar</a>.</p>
<p>Foo <a href='/url/' title='Title'>bar</a>.</p>
<p>Foo bar 1.</p>
<p>With <a href='/url/'>embedded brackets</a>.</p>
<p>Indented <a href='/url'>once</a>.</p>
<p>Indented <a href='/url'>twice</a>.</p>
<p>Indented <a href='/url'>thrice</a>.</p>
<p>Indented <span>four</span> times.</p>
<pre><code>[four]: /url
</code></pre>
<div class='footnotes'>
<hr />
<ol />
</div>
<div class='maruku_signature'>
<hr />
<span style='font-size: small; font-style: italic'>Created by <a href='http://maruku.rubyforge.org' title='Maruku: a Markdown interpreter'>Maruku</a> at 23:15 on Friday, January 05th, 2007.</span></div>
</body></html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
<p>Foo <a href="/url/" title="Title">bar</a>.</p>
<p>Foo <a href="/url/" title="Title">bar</a>.</p>
<p>Foo <a href="/url/" title="Title">bar</a>.</p>
<p>With <a href="/url/">embedded [brackets]</a>.</p>
<p>Indented <a href="/url">once</a>.</p>
<p>Indented <a href="/url">twice</a>.</p>
<p>Indented <a href="/url">thrice</a>.</p>
<p>Indented [four][] times.</p>
<pre><code>[four]: /url
</code></pre>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
Foo [bar] [1].
Foo [bar][1].
Foo [bar]
[1].
[1]: /url/ "Title"
With [embedded [brackets]] [b].
Indented [once][].
Indented [twice][].
Indented [thrice][].
Indented [four][] times.
[once]: /url
[twice]: /url
[thrice]: /url
[four]: /url
[b]: /url/

View File

@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd'>
<html lang='en' xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<head><meta content='text/html; charset=utf-8' http-equiv='Content-type' />
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Foo <a href='/url/' title='Title with '>bar</a>.</p>
<p>Foo <a href='/url/' title='Title with &quot;quotes&quot; inside'>bar</a>.</p>
<div class='footnotes'>
<hr />
<ol />
</div>
<div class='maruku_signature'>
<hr />
<span style='font-size: small; font-style: italic'>Created by <a href='http://maruku.rubyforge.org' title='Maruku: a Markdown interpreter'>Maruku</a> at 23:15 on Friday, January 05th, 2007.</span></div>
</body></html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
<p>Foo <a href="/url/" title="Title with &quot;quotes&quot; inside">bar</a>.</p>
<p>Foo <a href="/url/" title="Title with &quot;quotes&quot; inside">bar</a>.</p>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
Foo [bar][].
Foo [bar](/url/ "Title with "quotes" inside").
[bar]: /url/ "Title with "quotes" inside"

View File

@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd'>
<html lang='en' xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<head><meta content='text/html; charset=utf-8' http-equiv='Content-type' />
<title>Markdown: Basics</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 id='markdown_basics'>Markdown: Basics</h1>
<ul id='ProjectSubmenu'>
<li><a href='/projects/markdown/' title='Markdown Project Page'>Main</a></li>
<li><a class='selected' title='Markdown Basics'>Basics</a></li>
<li><a href='/projects/markdown/syntax' title='Markdown Syntax Documentation'>Syntax</a></li>
<li><a href='/projects/markdown/license' title='Pricing and License Information'>License</a></li>
<li><a href='/projects/markdown/dingus' title='Online Markdown Web Form'>Dingus</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id='getting_the_gist_of_markdowns_formatting_syntax'>Getting the Gist of Markdown&apos;s Formatting Syntax</h2>
<p>This page offers a brief overview of what it&apos;s like to use Markdown. The <a href='/projects/markdown/syntax' title='Markdown Syntax'>syntax page</a> provides complete, detailed documentation for every feature, but Markdown should be very easy to pick up simply by looking at a few examples of it in action. The examples on this page are written in a before/after style, showing example syntax and the HTML output produced by Markdown.</p>
<p>It&apos;s also helpful to simply try Markdown out; the <a href='/projects/markdown/dingus' title='Markdown Dingus'>Dingus</a> is a web application that allows you type your own Markdown-formatted text and translate it to XHTML.</p>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> This document is itself written using Markdown; you can <a href='/projects/markdown/basics.text'>see the source for it by adding &apos;.text&apos; to the URL</a>.</p>
<h2 id='paragraphs_headers_blockquotes'>Paragraphs, Headers, Blockquotes</h2>
<p>A paragraph is simply one or more consecutive lines of text, separated by one or more blank lines. (A blank line is any line that looks like a blank line -- a line containing nothing spaces or tabs is considered blank.) Normal paragraphs should not be intended with spaces or tabs.</p>
<p>Markdown offers two styles of headers: <em>Setext</em> and <em>atx</em>. Setext-style headers for <code>&lt;h1&gt;</code> and <code>&lt;h2&gt;</code> are created by &quot;underlining&quot; with equal signs (<code>=</code>) and hyphens (<code>-</code>), respectively. To create an atx-style header, you put 1-6 hash marks (<code>#</code>) at the beginning of the line -- the number of hashes equals the resulting HTML header level.</p>
<p>Blockquotes are indicated using email-style &apos;<code>&gt;</code>&apos; angle brackets.</p>
<p>Markdown:</p>
<pre><code>A First Level Header
====================
A Second Level Header
---------------------
Now is the time for all good men to come to
the aid of their country. This is just a
regular paragraph.
The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy
dog&apos;s back.
### Header 3
&gt; This is a blockquote.
&gt;
&gt; This is the second paragraph in the blockquote.
&gt;
&gt; ## This is an H2 in a blockquote
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;h1&gt;A First Level Header&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;A Second Level Header&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Now is the time for all good men to come to
the aid of their country. This is just a
regular paragraph.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy
dog&apos;s back.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Header 3&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is a blockquote.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is the second paragraph in the blockquote.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;This is an H2 in a blockquote&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
</code></pre>
<h3 id='phrase_emphasis'>Phrase Emphasis</h3>
<p>Markdown uses asterisks and underscores to indicate spans of emphasis.</p>
<p>Markdown:</p>
<pre><code>Some of these words *are emphasized*.
Some of these words _are emphasized also_.
Use two asterisks for **strong emphasis**.
Or, if you prefer, __use two underscores instead__.
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;Some of these words &lt;em&gt;are emphasized&lt;/em&gt;.
Some of these words &lt;em&gt;are emphasized also&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Use two asterisks for &lt;strong&gt;strong emphasis&lt;/strong&gt;.
Or, if you prefer, &lt;strong&gt;use two underscores instead&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<h2 id='lists'>Lists</h2>
<p>Unordered (bulleted) lists use asterisks, pluses, and hyphens (<code>*</code>, <code>+</code>, and <code>-</code>) as list markers. These three markers are interchangable; this:</p>
<pre><code>* Candy.
* Gum.
* Booze.
</code></pre>
<p>this:</p>
<pre><code>+ Candy.
+ Gum.
+ Booze.
</code></pre>
<p>and this:</p>
<pre><code>- Candy.
- Gum.
- Booze.
</code></pre>
<p>all produce the same output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Candy.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gum.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Booze.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Ordered (numbered) lists use regular numbers, followed by periods, as list markers:</p>
<pre><code>1. Red
2. Green
3. Blue
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Red&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Green&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>If you put blank lines between items, you&apos;ll get <code>&lt;p&gt;</code> tags for the list item text. You can create multi-paragraph list items by indenting the paragraphs by 4 spaces or 1 tab:</p>
<pre><code>* A list item.
With multiple paragraphs.
* Another item in the list.
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A list item.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With multiple paragraphs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Another item in the list.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
</code></pre>
<h3 id='links'>Links</h3>
<p>Markdown supports two styles for creating links: <em>inline</em> and <em>reference</em>. With both styles, you use square brackets to delimit the text you want to turn into a link.</p>
<p>Inline-style links use parentheses immediately after the link text. For example:</p>
<pre><code>This is an [example link](http://example.com/).
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;This is an &lt;a href=&quot;http://example.com/&quot;&gt;
example link&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Optionally, you may include a title attribute in the parentheses:</p>
<pre><code>This is an [example link](http://example.com/ &quot;With a Title&quot;).
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;This is an &lt;a href=&quot;http://example.com/&quot; title=&quot;With a Title&quot;&gt;
example link&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Reference-style links allow you to refer to your links by names, which you define elsewhere in your document:</p>
<pre><code>I get 10 times more traffic from [Google][1] than from
[Yahoo][2] or [MSN][3].
[1]: http://google.com/ &quot;Google&quot;
[2]: http://search.yahoo.com/ &quot;Yahoo Search&quot;
[3]: http://search.msn.com/ &quot;MSN Search&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;I get 10 times more traffic from &lt;a href=&quot;http://google.com/&quot;
title=&quot;Google&quot;&gt;Google&lt;/a&gt; than from &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.yahoo.com/&quot;
title=&quot;Yahoo Search&quot;&gt;Yahoo&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.msn.com/&quot;
title=&quot;MSN Search&quot;&gt;MSN&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>The title attribute is optional. Link names may contain letters, numbers and spaces, but are <em>not</em> case sensitive:</p>
<pre><code>I start my morning with a cup of coffee and
[The New York Times][NY Times].
[ny times]: http://www.nytimes.com/
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;I start my morning with a cup of coffee and
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nytimes.com/&quot;&gt;The New York Times&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<h3 id='images'>Images</h3>
<p>Image syntax is very much like link syntax.</p>
<p>Inline (titles are optional):</p>
<pre><code>![alt text](/path/to/img.jpg &quot;Title&quot;)
</code></pre>
<p>Reference-style:</p>
<pre><code>![alt text][id]
[id]: /path/to/img.jpg &quot;Title&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>Both of the above examples produce the same output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;img src=&quot;/path/to/img.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;alt text&quot; title=&quot;Title&quot; /&gt;
</code></pre>
<h3 id='code'>Code</h3>
<p>In a regular paragraph, you can create code span by wrapping text in backtick quotes. Any ampersands (<code>&amp;</code>) and angle brackets (<code>&lt;</code> or <code>&gt;</code>) will automatically be translated into HTML entities. This makes it easy to use Markdown to write about HTML example code:</p>
<pre><code>I strongly recommend against using any `&lt;blink&gt;` tags.
I wish SmartyPants used named entities like `&amp;mdash;`
instead of decimal-encoded entites like `&amp;#8212;`.
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;I strongly recommend against using any
&lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;blink&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I wish SmartyPants used named entities like
&lt;code&gt;&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;/code&gt; instead of decimal-encoded
entites like &lt;code&gt;&amp;amp;#8212;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>To specify an entire block of pre-formatted code, indent every line of the block by 4 spaces or 1 tab. Just like with code spans, <code>&amp;</code>, <code>&lt;</code>, and <code>&gt;</code> characters will be escaped automatically.</p>
<p>Markdown:</p>
<pre><code>If you want your page to validate under XHTML 1.0 Strict,
you&apos;ve got to put paragraph tags in your blockquotes:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For example.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;If you want your page to validate under XHTML 1.0 Strict,
you&apos;ve got to put paragraph tags in your blockquotes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;For example.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;</code></pre>
<div class='footnotes'>
<hr />
<ol />
</div>
<div class='maruku_signature'>
<hr />
<span style='font-size: small; font-style: italic'>Created by <a href='http://maruku.rubyforge.org' title='Maruku: a Markdown interpreter'>Maruku</a> at 23:15 on Friday, January 05th, 2007.</span></div>
</body></html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
<h1>Markdown: Basics</h1>
<ul id="ProjectSubmenu">
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/" title="Markdown Project Page">Main</a></li>
<li><a class="selected" title="Markdown Basics">Basics</a></li>
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/syntax" title="Markdown Syntax Documentation">Syntax</a></li>
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/license" title="Pricing and License Information">License</a></li>
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/dingus" title="Online Markdown Web Form">Dingus</a></li>
</ul>
<h2>Getting the Gist of Markdown's Formatting Syntax</h2>
<p>This page offers a brief overview of what it's like to use Markdown.
The <a href="/projects/markdown/syntax" title="Markdown Syntax">syntax page</a> provides complete, detailed documentation for
every feature, but Markdown should be very easy to pick up simply by
looking at a few examples of it in action. The examples on this page
are written in a before/after style, showing example syntax and the
HTML output produced by Markdown.</p>
<p>It's also helpful to simply try Markdown out; the <a href="/projects/markdown/dingus" title="Markdown Dingus">Dingus</a> is a
web application that allows you type your own Markdown-formatted text
and translate it to XHTML.</p>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> This document is itself written using Markdown; you
can <a href="/projects/markdown/basics.text">see the source for it by adding '.text' to the URL</a>.</p>
<h2>Paragraphs, Headers, Blockquotes</h2>
<p>A paragraph is simply one or more consecutive lines of text, separated
by one or more blank lines. (A blank line is any line that looks like a
blank line -- a line containing nothing spaces or tabs is considered
blank.) Normal paragraphs should not be intended with spaces or tabs.</p>
<p>Markdown offers two styles of headers: <em>Setext</em> and <em>atx</em>.
Setext-style headers for <code>&lt;h1&gt;</code> and <code>&lt;h2&gt;</code> are created by
"underlining" with equal signs (<code>=</code>) and hyphens (<code>-</code>), respectively.
To create an atx-style header, you put 1-6 hash marks (<code>#</code>) at the
beginning of the line -- the number of hashes equals the resulting
HTML header level.</p>
<p>Blockquotes are indicated using email-style '<code>&gt;</code>' angle brackets.</p>
<p>Markdown:</p>
<pre><code>A First Level Header
====================
A Second Level Header
---------------------
Now is the time for all good men to come to
the aid of their country. This is just a
regular paragraph.
The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy
dog's back.
### Header 3
&gt; This is a blockquote.
&gt;
&gt; This is the second paragraph in the blockquote.
&gt;
&gt; ## This is an H2 in a blockquote
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;h1&gt;A First Level Header&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;A Second Level Header&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Now is the time for all good men to come to
the aid of their country. This is just a
regular paragraph.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy
dog's back.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;Header 3&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is a blockquote.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is the second paragraph in the blockquote.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;This is an H2 in a blockquote&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
</code></pre>
<h3>Phrase Emphasis</h3>
<p>Markdown uses asterisks and underscores to indicate spans of emphasis.</p>
<p>Markdown:</p>
<pre><code>Some of these words *are emphasized*.
Some of these words _are emphasized also_.
Use two asterisks for **strong emphasis**.
Or, if you prefer, __use two underscores instead__.
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;Some of these words &lt;em&gt;are emphasized&lt;/em&gt;.
Some of these words &lt;em&gt;are emphasized also&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Use two asterisks for &lt;strong&gt;strong emphasis&lt;/strong&gt;.
Or, if you prefer, &lt;strong&gt;use two underscores instead&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<h2>Lists</h2>
<p>Unordered (bulleted) lists use asterisks, pluses, and hyphens (<code>*</code>,
<code>+</code>, and <code>-</code>) as list markers. These three markers are
interchangable; this:</p>
<pre><code>* Candy.
* Gum.
* Booze.
</code></pre>
<p>this:</p>
<pre><code>+ Candy.
+ Gum.
+ Booze.
</code></pre>
<p>and this:</p>
<pre><code>- Candy.
- Gum.
- Booze.
</code></pre>
<p>all produce the same output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Candy.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Gum.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Booze.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Ordered (numbered) lists use regular numbers, followed by periods, as
list markers:</p>
<pre><code>1. Red
2. Green
3. Blue
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Red&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Green&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Blue&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>If you put blank lines between items, you'll get <code>&lt;p&gt;</code> tags for the
list item text. You can create multi-paragraph list items by indenting
the paragraphs by 4 spaces or 1 tab:</p>
<pre><code>* A list item.
With multiple paragraphs.
* Another item in the list.
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;A list item.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;With multiple paragraphs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Another item in the list.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
</code></pre>
<h3>Links</h3>
<p>Markdown supports two styles for creating links: <em>inline</em> and
<em>reference</em>. With both styles, you use square brackets to delimit the
text you want to turn into a link.</p>
<p>Inline-style links use parentheses immediately after the link text.
For example:</p>
<pre><code>This is an [example link](http://example.com/).
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;This is an &lt;a href="http://example.com/"&gt;
example link&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Optionally, you may include a title attribute in the parentheses:</p>
<pre><code>This is an [example link](http://example.com/ "With a Title").
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;This is an &lt;a href="http://example.com/" title="With a Title"&gt;
example link&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Reference-style links allow you to refer to your links by names, which
you define elsewhere in your document:</p>
<pre><code>I get 10 times more traffic from [Google][1] than from
[Yahoo][2] or [MSN][3].
[1]: http://google.com/ "Google"
[2]: http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search"
[3]: http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search"
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;I get 10 times more traffic from &lt;a href="http://google.com/"
title="Google"&gt;Google&lt;/a&gt; than from &lt;a href="http://search.yahoo.com/"
title="Yahoo Search"&gt;Yahoo&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a href="http://search.msn.com/"
title="MSN Search"&gt;MSN&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>The title attribute is optional. Link names may contain letters,
numbers and spaces, but are <em>not</em> case sensitive:</p>
<pre><code>I start my morning with a cup of coffee and
[The New York Times][NY Times].
[ny times]: http://www.nytimes.com/
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;I start my morning with a cup of coffee and
&lt;a href="http://www.nytimes.com/"&gt;The New York Times&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<h3>Images</h3>
<p>Image syntax is very much like link syntax.</p>
<p>Inline (titles are optional):</p>
<pre><code>![alt text](/path/to/img.jpg "Title")
</code></pre>
<p>Reference-style:</p>
<pre><code>![alt text][id]
[id]: /path/to/img.jpg "Title"
</code></pre>
<p>Both of the above examples produce the same output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;img src="/path/to/img.jpg" alt="alt text" title="Title" /&gt;
</code></pre>
<h3>Code</h3>
<p>In a regular paragraph, you can create code span by wrapping text in
backtick quotes. Any ampersands (<code>&amp;</code>) and angle brackets (<code>&lt;</code> or
<code>&gt;</code>) will automatically be translated into HTML entities. This makes
it easy to use Markdown to write about HTML example code:</p>
<pre><code>I strongly recommend against using any `&lt;blink&gt;` tags.
I wish SmartyPants used named entities like `&amp;mdash;`
instead of decimal-encoded entites like `&amp;#8212;`.
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;I strongly recommend against using any
&lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;blink&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;I wish SmartyPants used named entities like
&lt;code&gt;&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;/code&gt; instead of decimal-encoded
entites like &lt;code&gt;&amp;amp;#8212;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>To specify an entire block of pre-formatted code, indent every line of
the block by 4 spaces or 1 tab. Just like with code spans, <code>&amp;</code>, <code>&lt;</code>,
and <code>&gt;</code> characters will be escaped automatically.</p>
<p>Markdown:</p>
<pre><code>If you want your page to validate under XHTML 1.0 Strict,
you've got to put paragraph tags in your blockquotes:
&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For example.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;If you want your page to validate under XHTML 1.0 Strict,
you've got to put paragraph tags in your blockquotes:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;For example.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
</code></pre>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
Markdown: Basics
================
<ul id="ProjectSubmenu">
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/" title="Markdown Project Page">Main</a></li>
<li><a class="selected" title="Markdown Basics">Basics</a></li>
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/syntax" title="Markdown Syntax Documentation">Syntax</a></li>
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/license" title="Pricing and License Information">License</a></li>
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/dingus" title="Online Markdown Web Form">Dingus</a></li>
</ul>
Getting the Gist of Markdown's Formatting Syntax
------------------------------------------------
This page offers a brief overview of what it's like to use Markdown.
The [syntax page] [s] provides complete, detailed documentation for
every feature, but Markdown should be very easy to pick up simply by
looking at a few examples of it in action. The examples on this page
are written in a before/after style, showing example syntax and the
HTML output produced by Markdown.
It's also helpful to simply try Markdown out; the [Dingus] [d] is a
web application that allows you type your own Markdown-formatted text
and translate it to XHTML.
**Note:** This document is itself written using Markdown; you
can [see the source for it by adding '.text' to the URL] [src].
[s]: /projects/markdown/syntax "Markdown Syntax"
[d]: /projects/markdown/dingus "Markdown Dingus"
[src]: /projects/markdown/basics.text
## Paragraphs, Headers, Blockquotes ##
A paragraph is simply one or more consecutive lines of text, separated
by one or more blank lines. (A blank line is any line that looks like a
blank line -- a line containing nothing spaces or tabs is considered
blank.) Normal paragraphs should not be intended with spaces or tabs.
Markdown offers two styles of headers: *Setext* and *atx*.
Setext-style headers for `<h1>` and `<h2>` are created by
"underlining" with equal signs (`=`) and hyphens (`-`), respectively.
To create an atx-style header, you put 1-6 hash marks (`#`) at the
beginning of the line -- the number of hashes equals the resulting
HTML header level.
Blockquotes are indicated using email-style '`>`' angle brackets.
Markdown:
A First Level Header
====================
A Second Level Header
---------------------
Now is the time for all good men to come to
the aid of their country. This is just a
regular paragraph.
The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy
dog's back.
### Header 3
> This is a blockquote.
>
> This is the second paragraph in the blockquote.
>
> ## This is an H2 in a blockquote
Output:
<h1>A First Level Header</h1>
<h2>A Second Level Header</h2>
<p>Now is the time for all good men to come to
the aid of their country. This is just a
regular paragraph.</p>
<p>The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy
dog's back.</p>
<h3>Header 3</h3>
<blockquote>
<p>This is a blockquote.</p>
<p>This is the second paragraph in the blockquote.</p>
<h2>This is an H2 in a blockquote</h2>
</blockquote>
### Phrase Emphasis ###
Markdown uses asterisks and underscores to indicate spans of emphasis.
Markdown:
Some of these words *are emphasized*.
Some of these words _are emphasized also_.
Use two asterisks for **strong emphasis**.
Or, if you prefer, __use two underscores instead__.
Output:
<p>Some of these words <em>are emphasized</em>.
Some of these words <em>are emphasized also</em>.</p>
<p>Use two asterisks for <strong>strong emphasis</strong>.
Or, if you prefer, <strong>use two underscores instead</strong>.</p>
## Lists ##
Unordered (bulleted) lists use asterisks, pluses, and hyphens (`*`,
`+`, and `-`) as list markers. These three markers are
interchangable; this:
* Candy.
* Gum.
* Booze.
this:
+ Candy.
+ Gum.
+ Booze.
and this:
- Candy.
- Gum.
- Booze.
all produce the same output:
<ul>
<li>Candy.</li>
<li>Gum.</li>
<li>Booze.</li>
</ul>
Ordered (numbered) lists use regular numbers, followed by periods, as
list markers:
1. Red
2. Green
3. Blue
Output:
<ol>
<li>Red</li>
<li>Green</li>
<li>Blue</li>
</ol>
If you put blank lines between items, you'll get `<p>` tags for the
list item text. You can create multi-paragraph list items by indenting
the paragraphs by 4 spaces or 1 tab:
* A list item.
With multiple paragraphs.
* Another item in the list.
Output:
<ul>
<li><p>A list item.</p>
<p>With multiple paragraphs.</p></li>
<li><p>Another item in the list.</p></li>
</ul>
### Links ###
Markdown supports two styles for creating links: *inline* and
*reference*. With both styles, you use square brackets to delimit the
text you want to turn into a link.
Inline-style links use parentheses immediately after the link text.
For example:
This is an [example link](http://example.com/).
Output:
<p>This is an <a href="http://example.com/">
example link</a>.</p>
Optionally, you may include a title attribute in the parentheses:
This is an [example link](http://example.com/ "With a Title").
Output:
<p>This is an <a href="http://example.com/" title="With a Title">
example link</a>.</p>
Reference-style links allow you to refer to your links by names, which
you define elsewhere in your document:
I get 10 times more traffic from [Google][1] than from
[Yahoo][2] or [MSN][3].
[1]: http://google.com/ "Google"
[2]: http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search"
[3]: http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search"
Output:
<p>I get 10 times more traffic from <a href="http://google.com/"
title="Google">Google</a> than from <a href="http://search.yahoo.com/"
title="Yahoo Search">Yahoo</a> or <a href="http://search.msn.com/"
title="MSN Search">MSN</a>.</p>
The title attribute is optional. Link names may contain letters,
numbers and spaces, but are *not* case sensitive:
I start my morning with a cup of coffee and
[The New York Times][NY Times].
[ny times]: http://www.nytimes.com/
Output:
<p>I start my morning with a cup of coffee and
<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/">The New York Times</a>.</p>
### Images ###
Image syntax is very much like link syntax.
Inline (titles are optional):
![alt text](/path/to/img.jpg "Title")
Reference-style:
![alt text][id]
[id]: /path/to/img.jpg "Title"
Both of the above examples produce the same output:
<img src="/path/to/img.jpg" alt="alt text" title="Title" />
### Code ###
In a regular paragraph, you can create code span by wrapping text in
backtick quotes. Any ampersands (`&`) and angle brackets (`<` or
`>`) will automatically be translated into HTML entities. This makes
it easy to use Markdown to write about HTML example code:
I strongly recommend against using any `<blink>` tags.
I wish SmartyPants used named entities like `&mdash;`
instead of decimal-encoded entites like `&#8212;`.
Output:
<p>I strongly recommend against using any
<code>&lt;blink&gt;</code> tags.</p>
<p>I wish SmartyPants used named entities like
<code>&amp;mdash;</code> instead of decimal-encoded
entites like <code>&amp;#8212;</code>.</p>
To specify an entire block of pre-formatted code, indent every line of
the block by 4 spaces or 1 tab. Just like with code spans, `&`, `<`,
and `>` characters will be escaped automatically.
Markdown:
If you want your page to validate under XHTML 1.0 Strict,
you've got to put paragraph tags in your blockquotes:
<blockquote>
<p>For example.</p>
</blockquote>
Output:
<p>If you want your page to validate under XHTML 1.0 Strict,
you've got to put paragraph tags in your blockquotes:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;For example.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
</code></pre>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,840 @@
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd'>
<html lang='en' xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<head><meta content='text/html; charset=utf-8' http-equiv='Content-type' />
<title>Markdown: Syntax</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 id='markdown_syntax'>Markdown: Syntax</h1>
<ul id='ProjectSubmenu'>
<li><a href='/projects/markdown/' title='Markdown Project Page'>Main</a></li>
<li><a href='/projects/markdown/basics' title='Markdown Basics'>Basics</a></li>
<li><a class='selected' title='Markdown Syntax Documentation'>Syntax</a></li>
<li><a href='/projects/markdown/license' title='Pricing and License Information'>License</a></li>
<li><a href='/projects/markdown/dingus' title='Online Markdown Web Form'>Dingus</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li>
<p><a href='#overview'>Overview</a></p>
<ul>
<li><a href='#philosophy'>Philosophy</a></li>
<li><a href='#html'>Inline HTML</a></li>
<li><a href='#autoescape'>Automatic Escaping for Special Characters</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href='#block'>Block Elements</a></p>
<ul>
<li><a href='#p'>Paragraphs and Line Breaks</a></li>
<li><a href='#header'>Headers</a></li>
<li><a href='#blockquote'>Blockquotes</a></li>
<li><a href='#list'>Lists</a></li>
<li><a href='#precode'>Code Blocks</a></li>
<li><a href='#hr'>Horizontal Rules</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href='#span'>Span Elements</a></p>
<ul>
<li><a href='#link'>Links</a></li>
<li><a href='#em'>Emphasis</a></li>
<li><a href='#code'>Code</a></li>
<li><a href='#img'>Images</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p><a href='#misc'>Miscellaneous</a></p>
<ul>
<li><a href='#backslash'>Backslash Escapes</a></li>
<li><a href='#autolink'>Automatic Links</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> This document is itself written using Markdown; you can <a href='/projects/markdown/syntax.text'>see the source for it by adding &apos;.text&apos; to the URL</a>.</p>
<hr />
<h2 id='overview'>Overview</h2>
<h3 id='philosophy'>Philosophy</h3>
<p>Markdown is intended to be as easy-to-read and easy-to-write as is feasible.</p>
<p>Readability, however, is emphasized above all else. A Markdown-formatted document should be publishable as-is, as plain text, without looking like it&apos;s been marked up with tags or formatting instructions. While Markdown&apos;s syntax has been influenced by several existing text-to-HTML filters -- including <a href='http://docutils.sourceforge.net/mirror/setext.html'>Setext</a>, <a href='http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/atx/'>atx</a>, <a href='http://textism.com/tools/textile/'>Textile</a>, <a href='http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html'>reStructuredText</a>, <a href='http://www.triptico.com/software/grutatxt.html'>Grutatext</a>, and <a href='http://ettext.taint.org/doc/'>EtText</a> -- the single biggest source of inspiration for Markdown&apos;s syntax is the format of plain text email.</p>
<p>To this end, Markdown&apos;s syntax is comprised entirely of punctuation characters, which punctuation characters have been carefully chosen so as to look like what they mean. E.g., asterisks around a word actually look like *emphasis*. Markdown lists look like, well, lists. Even blockquotes look like quoted passages of text, assuming you&apos;ve ever used email.</p>
<h3 id='html'>Inline HTML</h3>
<p>Markdown&apos;s syntax is intended for one purpose: to be used as a format for <em>writing</em> for the web.</p>
<p>Markdown is not a replacement for HTML, or even close to it. Its syntax is very small, corresponding only to a very small subset of HTML tags. The idea is <em>not</em> to create a syntax that makes it easier to insert HTML tags. In my opinion, HTML tags are already easy to insert. The idea for Markdown is to make it easy to read, write, and edit prose. HTML is a <em>publishing</em> format; Markdown is a <em>writing</em> format. Thus, Markdown&apos;s formatting syntax only addresses issues that can be conveyed in plain text.</p>
<p>For any markup that is not covered by Markdown&apos;s syntax, you simply use HTML itself. There&apos;s no need to preface it or delimit it to indicate that you&apos;re switching from Markdown to HTML; you just use the tags.</p>
<p>The only restrictions are that block-level HTML elements -- e.g. <code>&lt;div&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;table&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;pre&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;p&gt;</code>, etc. -- must be separated from surrounding content by blank lines, and the start and end tags of the block should not be indented with tabs or spaces. Markdown is smart enough not to add extra (unwanted) <code>&lt;p&gt;</code> tags around HTML block-level tags.</p>
<p>For example, to add an HTML table to a Markdown article:</p>
<pre><code>This is a regular paragraph.
&lt;table&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Foo&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
This is another regular paragraph.
</code></pre>
<p>Note that Markdown formatting syntax is not processed within block-level HTML tags. E.g., you can&apos;t use Markdown-style <code>*emphasis*</code> inside an HTML block.</p>
<p>Span-level HTML tags -- e.g. <code>&lt;span&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;cite&gt;</code>, or <code>&lt;del&gt;</code> -- can be used anywhere in a Markdown paragraph, list item, or header. If you want, you can even use HTML tags instead of Markdown formatting; e.g. if you&apos;d prefer to use HTML <code>&lt;a&gt;</code> or <code>&lt;img&gt;</code> tags instead of Markdown&apos;s link or image syntax, go right ahead.</p>
<p>Unlike block-level HTML tags, Markdown syntax <em>is</em> processed within span-level tags.</p>
<h3 id='autoescape'>Automatic Escaping for Special Characters</h3>
<p>In HTML, there are two characters that demand special treatment: <code>&lt;</code> and <code>&amp;</code>. Left angle brackets are used to start tags; ampersands are used to denote HTML entities. If you want to use them as literal characters, you must escape them as entities, e.g. <code>&amp;lt;</code>, and <code>&amp;amp;</code>.</p>
<p>Ampersands in particular are bedeviling for web writers. If you want to write about &apos;AT&amp;T&apos;, you need to write &apos;<code>AT&amp;amp;T</code>&apos;. You even need to escape ampersands within URLs. Thus, if you want to link to:</p>
<pre><code>http://images.google.com/images?num=30&amp;q=larry+bird
</code></pre>
<p>you need to encode the URL as:</p>
<pre><code>http://images.google.com/images?num=30&amp;amp;q=larry+bird
</code></pre>
<p>in your anchor tag <code>href</code> attribute. Needless to say, this is easy to forget, and is probably the single most common source of HTML validation errors in otherwise well-marked-up web sites.</p>
<p>Markdown allows you to use these characters naturally, taking care of all the necessary escaping for you. If you use an ampersand as part of an HTML entity, it remains unchanged; otherwise it will be translated into <code>&amp;amp;</code>.</p>
<p>So, if you want to include a copyright symbol in your article, you can write:</p>
<pre><code>&amp;copy;
</code></pre>
<p>and Markdown will leave it alone. But if you write:</p>
<pre><code>AT&amp;T
</code></pre>
<p>Markdown will translate it to:</p>
<pre><code>AT&amp;amp;T
</code></pre>
<p>Similarly, because Markdown supports <a href='#html'>inline HTML</a>, if you use angle brackets as delimiters for HTML tags, Markdown will treat them as such. But if you write:</p>
<pre><code>4 &lt; 5
</code></pre>
<p>Markdown will translate it to:</p>
<pre><code>4 &amp;lt; 5
</code></pre>
<p>However, inside Markdown code spans and blocks, angle brackets and ampersands are <em>always</em> encoded automatically. This makes it easy to use Markdown to write about HTML code. (As opposed to raw HTML, which is a terrible format for writing about HTML syntax, because every single <code>&lt;</code> and <code>&amp;</code> in your example code needs to be escaped.)</p>
<hr />
<h2 id='block'>Block Elements</h2>
<h3 id='p'>Paragraphs and Line Breaks</h3>
<p>A paragraph is simply one or more consecutive lines of text, separated by one or more blank lines. (A blank line is any line that looks like a blank line -- a line containing nothing but spaces or tabs is considered blank.) Normal paragraphs should not be intended with spaces or tabs.</p>
<p>The implication of the &quot;one or more consecutive lines of text&quot; rule is that Markdown supports &quot;hard-wrapped&quot; text paragraphs. This differs significantly from most other text-to-HTML formatters (including Movable Type&apos;s &quot;Convert Line Breaks&quot; option) which translate every line break character in a paragraph into a <code>&lt;br /&gt;</code> tag.</p>
<p>When you <em>do</em> want to insert a <code>&lt;br /&gt;</code> break tag using Markdown, you end a line with two or more spaces, then type return.</p>
<p>Yes, this takes a tad more effort to create a <code>&lt;br /&gt;</code>, but a simplistic &quot;every line break is a <code>&lt;br /&gt;</code>&quot; rule wouldn&apos;t work for Markdown. Markdown&apos;s email-style <a href='#blockquote'>blockquoting</a> and multi-paragraph <a href='#list'>list items</a> work best -- and look better -- when you format them with hard breaks.</p>
<h3 id='header'>Headers</h3>
<p>Markdown supports two styles of headers, <a href='http://docutils.sourceforge.net/mirror/setext.html'>Setext</a> and <a href='http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/atx/'>atx</a>.</p>
<p>Setext-style headers are &quot;underlined&quot; using equal signs (for first-level headers) and dashes (for second-level headers). For example:</p>
<pre><code>This is an H1
=============
This is an H2
-------------
</code></pre>
<p>Any number of underlining <code>=</code>&apos;s or <code>-</code>&apos;s will work.</p>
<p>Atx-style headers use 1-6 hash characters at the start of the line, corresponding to header levels 1-6. For example:</p>
<pre><code># This is an H1
## This is an H2
###### This is an H6
</code></pre>
<p>Optionally, you may &quot;close&quot; atx-style headers. This is purely cosmetic -- you can use this if you think it looks better. The closing hashes don&apos;t even need to match the number of hashes used to open the header. (The number of opening hashes determines the header level.) :</p>
<pre><code># This is an H1 #
## This is an H2 ##
### This is an H3 ######
</code></pre>
<h3 id='blockquote'>Blockquotes</h3>
<p>Markdown uses email-style <code>&gt;</code> characters for blockquoting. If you&apos;re familiar with quoting passages of text in an email message, then you know how to create a blockquote in Markdown. It looks best if you hard wrap the text and put a <code>&gt;</code> before every line:</p>
<pre><code>&gt; This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
&gt; consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus.
&gt; Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
&gt;
&gt; Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse
&gt; id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
</code></pre>
<p>Markdown allows you to be lazy and only put the <code>&gt;</code> before the first line of a hard-wrapped paragraph:</p>
<pre><code>&gt; This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus.
Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
&gt; Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse
id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
</code></pre>
<p>Blockquotes can be nested (i.e. a blockquote-in-a-blockquote) by adding additional levels of <code>&gt;</code>:</p>
<pre><code>&gt; This is the first level of quoting.
&gt;
&gt; &gt; This is nested blockquote.
&gt;
&gt; Back to the first level.
</code></pre>
<p>Blockquotes can contain other Markdown elements, including headers, lists, and code blocks:</p>
<pre><code>&gt; ## This is a header.
&gt;
&gt; 1. This is the first list item.
&gt; 2. This is the second list item.
&gt;
&gt; Here&apos;s some example code:
&gt;
&gt; return shell_exec(&quot;echo $input | $markdown_script&quot;);
</code></pre>
<p>Any decent text editor should make email-style quoting easy. For example, with BBEdit, you can make a selection and choose Increase Quote Level from the Text menu.</p>
<h3 id='list'>Lists</h3>
<p>Markdown supports ordered (numbered) and unordered (bulleted) lists.</p>
<p>Unordered lists use asterisks, pluses, and hyphens -- interchangably -- as list markers:</p>
<pre><code>* Red
* Green
* Blue
</code></pre>
<p>is equivalent to:</p>
<pre><code>+ Red
+ Green
+ Blue
</code></pre>
<p>and:</p>
<pre><code>- Red
- Green
- Blue
</code></pre>
<p>Ordered lists use numbers followed by periods:</p>
<pre><code>1. Bird
2. McHale
3. Parish
</code></pre>
<p>It&apos;s important to note that the actual numbers you use to mark the list have no effect on the HTML output Markdown produces. The HTML Markdown produces from the above list is:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bird&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;McHale&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Parish&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>If you instead wrote the list in Markdown like this:</p>
<pre><code>1. Bird
1. McHale
1. Parish
</code></pre>
<p>or even:</p>
<pre><code>3. Bird
1. McHale
8. Parish
</code></pre>
<p>you&apos;d get the exact same HTML output. The point is, if you want to, you can use ordinal numbers in your ordered Markdown lists, so that the numbers in your source match the numbers in your published HTML. But if you want to be lazy, you don&apos;t have to.</p>
<p>If you do use lazy list numbering, however, you should still start the list with the number 1. At some point in the future, Markdown may support starting ordered lists at an arbitrary number.</p>
<p>List markers typically start at the left margin, but may be indented by up to three spaces. List markers must be followed by one or more spaces or a tab.</p>
<p>To make lists look nice, you can wrap items with hanging indents:</p>
<pre><code>* Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi,
viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
* Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit.
Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
</code></pre>
<p>But if you want to be lazy, you don&apos;t have to:</p>
<pre><code>* Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi,
viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
* Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit.
Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
</code></pre>
<p>If list items are separated by blank lines, Markdown will wrap the items in <code>&lt;p&gt;</code> tags in the HTML output. For example, this input:</p>
<pre><code>* Bird
* Magic
</code></pre>
<p>will turn into:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bird&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Magic&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>But this:</p>
<pre><code>* Bird
* Magic
</code></pre>
<p>will turn into:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bird&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Magic&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>List items may consist of multiple paragraphs. Each subsequent paragraph in a list item must be intended by either 4 spaces or one tab:</p>
<pre><code>1. This is a list item with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor
sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit
mi posuere lectus.
Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet
vitae, risus. Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum
sit amet velit.
2. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
</code></pre>
<p>It looks nice if you indent every line of the subsequent paragraphs, but here again, Markdown will allow you to be lazy:</p>
<pre><code>* This is a list item with two paragraphs.
This is the second paragraph in the list item. You&apos;re
only required to indent the first line. Lorem ipsum dolor
sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
* Another item in the same list.
</code></pre>
<p>To put a blockquote within a list item, the blockquote&apos;s <code>&gt;</code> delimiters need to be indented:</p>
<pre><code>* A list item with a blockquote:
&gt; This is a blockquote
&gt; inside a list item.
</code></pre>
<p>To put a code block within a list item, the code block needs to be indented <em>twice</em> -- 8 spaces or two tabs:</p>
<pre><code>* A list item with a code block:
&lt;code goes here&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>It&apos;s worth noting that it&apos;s possible to trigger an ordered list by accident, by writing something like this:</p>
<pre><code>1986. What a great season.
</code></pre>
<p>In other words, a <em>number-period-space</em> sequence at the beginning of a line. To avoid this, you can backslash-escape the period:</p>
<pre><code>1986\. What a great season.
</code></pre>
<h3 id='precode'>Code Blocks</h3>
<p>Pre-formatted code blocks are used for writing about programming or markup source code. Rather than forming normal paragraphs, the lines of a code block are interpreted literally. Markdown wraps a code block in both <code>&lt;pre&gt;</code> and <code>&lt;code&gt;</code> tags.</p>
<p>To produce a code block in Markdown, simply indent every line of the block by at least 4 spaces or 1 tab. For example, given this input:</p>
<pre><code>This is a normal paragraph:
This is a code block.
</code></pre>
<p>Markdown will generate:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;This is a normal paragraph:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;This is a code block.
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>One level of indentation -- 4 spaces or 1 tab -- is removed from each line of the code block. For example, this:</p>
<pre><code>Here is an example of AppleScript:
tell application &quot;Foo&quot;
beep
end tell
</code></pre>
<p>will turn into:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;Here is an example of AppleScript:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;tell application &quot;Foo&quot;
beep
end tell
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>A code block continues until it reaches a line that is not indented (or the end of the article).</p>
<p>Within a code block, ampersands (<code>&amp;</code>) and angle brackets (<code>&lt;</code> and <code>&gt;</code>) are automatically converted into HTML entities. This makes it very easy to include example HTML source code using Markdown -- just paste it and indent it, and Markdown will handle the hassle of encoding the ampersands and angle brackets. For example, this:</p>
<pre><code> &lt;div class=&quot;footer&quot;&gt;
&amp;copy; 2004 Foo Corporation
&lt;/div&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>will turn into:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&quot;footer&quot;&amp;gt;
&amp;amp;copy; 2004 Foo Corporation
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Regular Markdown syntax is not processed within code blocks. E.g., asterisks are just literal asterisks within a code block. This means it&apos;s also easy to use Markdown to write about Markdown&apos;s own syntax.</p>
<h3 id='hr'>Horizontal Rules</h3>
<p>You can produce a horizontal rule tag (<code>&lt;hr /&gt;</code>) by placing three or more hyphens, asterisks, or underscores on a line by themselves. If you wish, you may use spaces between the hyphens or asterisks. Each of the following lines will produce a horizontal rule:</p>
<pre><code>* * *
***
*****
- - -
---------------------------------------
_ _ _
</code></pre>
<hr />
<h2 id='span'>Span Elements</h2>
<h3 id='link'>Links</h3>
<p>Markdown supports two style of links: <em>inline</em> and <em>reference</em>.</p>
<p>In both styles, the link text is delimited by square brackets.</p>
<p>To create an inline link, use a set of regular parentheses immediately after the link text&apos;s closing square bracket. Inside the parentheses, put the URL where you want the link to point, along with an <em>optional</em> title for the link, surrounded in quotes. For example:</p>
<pre><code>This is [an example](http://example.com/ &quot;Title&quot;) inline link.
[This link](http://example.net/) has no title attribute.
</code></pre>
<p>Will produce:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;This is &lt;a href=&quot;http://example.com/&quot; title=&quot;Title&quot;&gt;
an example&lt;/a&gt; inline link.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://example.net/&quot;&gt;This link&lt;/a&gt; has no
title attribute.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>If you&apos;re referring to a local resource on the same server, you can use relative paths:</p>
<pre><code>See my [About](/about/) page for details.
</code></pre>
<p>Reference-style links use a second set of square brackets, inside which you place a label of your choosing to identify the link:</p>
<pre><code>This is [an example][id] reference-style link.
</code></pre>
<p>You can optionally use a space to separate the sets of brackets:</p>
<pre><code>This is [an example] [id] reference-style link.
</code></pre>
<p>Then, anywhere in the document, you define your link label like this, on a line by itself:</p>
<pre><code>[id]: http://example.com/ &quot;Optional Title Here&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>That is:</p>
<ul>
<li>Square brackets containing the link identifier (optionally indented from the left margin using up to three spaces);</li>
<li>followed by a colon;</li>
<li>followed by one or more spaces (or tabs);</li>
<li>followed by the URL for the link;</li>
<li>optionally followed by a title attribute for the link, enclosed in double or single quotes.</li>
</ul>
<p>The link URL may, optionally, be surrounded by angle brackets:</p>
<pre><code>[id]: &lt;http://example.com/&gt; &quot;Optional Title Here&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>You can put the title attribute on the next line and use extra spaces or tabs for padding, which tends to look better with longer URLs:</p>
<pre><code>[id]: http://example.com/longish/path/to/resource/here
&quot;Optional Title Here&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>Link definitions are only used for creating links during Markdown processing, and are stripped from your document in the HTML output.</p>
<p>Link definition names may constist of letters, numbers, spaces, and punctuation -- but they are <em>not</em> case sensitive. E.g. these two links:</p>
<pre><code>[link text][a]
[link text][A]
</code></pre>
<p>are equivalent.</p>
<p>The <em>implicit link name</em> shortcut allows you to omit the name of the link, in which case the link text itself is used as the name. Just use an empty set of square brackets -- e.g., to link the word &quot;Google&quot; to the google.com web site, you could simply write:</p>
<pre><code>[Google][]
</code></pre>
<p>And then define the link:</p>
<pre><code>[Google]: http://google.com/
</code></pre>
<p>Because link names may contain spaces, this shortcut even works for multiple words in the link text:</p>
<pre><code>Visit [Daring Fireball][] for more information.
</code></pre>
<p>And then define the link:</p>
<pre><code>[Daring Fireball]: http://daringfireball.net/
</code></pre>
<p>Link definitions can be placed anywhere in your Markdown document. I tend to put them immediately after each paragraph in which they&apos;re used, but if you want, you can put them all at the end of your document, sort of like footnotes.</p>
<p>Here&apos;s an example of reference links in action:</p>
<pre><code>I get 10 times more traffic from [Google] [1] than from
[Yahoo] [2] or [MSN] [3].
[1]: http://google.com/ &quot;Google&quot;
[2]: http://search.yahoo.com/ &quot;Yahoo Search&quot;
[3]: http://search.msn.com/ &quot;MSN Search&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>Using the implicit link name shortcut, you could instead write:</p>
<pre><code>I get 10 times more traffic from [Google][] than from
[Yahoo][] or [MSN][].
[google]: http://google.com/ &quot;Google&quot;
[yahoo]: http://search.yahoo.com/ &quot;Yahoo Search&quot;
[msn]: http://search.msn.com/ &quot;MSN Search&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>Both of the above examples will produce the following HTML output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;I get 10 times more traffic from &lt;a href=&quot;http://google.com/&quot;
title=&quot;Google&quot;&gt;Google&lt;/a&gt; than from
&lt;a href=&quot;http://search.yahoo.com/&quot; title=&quot;Yahoo Search&quot;&gt;Yahoo&lt;/a&gt;
or &lt;a href=&quot;http://search.msn.com/&quot; title=&quot;MSN Search&quot;&gt;MSN&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>For comparison, here is the same paragraph written using Markdown&apos;s inline link style:</p>
<pre><code>I get 10 times more traffic from [Google](http://google.com/ &quot;Google&quot;)
than from [Yahoo](http://search.yahoo.com/ &quot;Yahoo Search&quot;) or
[MSN](http://search.msn.com/ &quot;MSN Search&quot;).
</code></pre>
<p>The point of reference-style links is not that they&apos;re easier to write. The point is that with reference-style links, your document source is vastly more readable. Compare the above examples: using reference-style links, the paragraph itself is only 81 characters long; with inline-style links, it&apos;s 176 characters; and as raw HTML, it&apos;s 234 characters. In the raw HTML, there&apos;s more markup than there is text.</p>
<p>With Markdown&apos;s reference-style links, a source document much more closely resembles the final output, as rendered in a browser. By allowing you to move the markup-related metadata out of the paragraph, you can add links without interrupting the narrative flow of your prose.</p>
<h3 id='em'>Emphasis</h3>
<p>Markdown treats asterisks (<code>*</code>) and underscores (<code>_</code>) as indicators of emphasis. Text wrapped with one <code>*</code> or <code>_</code> will be wrapped with an HTML <code>&lt;em&gt;</code> tag; double <code>*</code>&apos;s or <code>_</code>&apos;s will be wrapped with an HTML <code>&lt;strong&gt;</code> tag. E.g., this input:</p>
<pre><code>*single asterisks*
_single underscores_
**double asterisks**
__double underscores__
</code></pre>
<p>will produce:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;em&gt;single asterisks&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;em&gt;single underscores&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;double asterisks&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;double underscores&lt;/strong&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>You can use whichever style you prefer; the lone restriction is that the same character must be used to open and close an emphasis span.</p>
<p>Emphasis can be used in the middle of a word:</p>
<pre><code>un*fucking*believable
</code></pre>
<p>But if you surround an <code>*</code> or <code>_</code> with spaces, it&apos;ll be treated as a literal asterisk or underscore.</p>
<p>To produce a literal asterisk or underscore at a position where it would otherwise be used as an emphasis delimiter, you can backslash escape it:</p>
<pre><code>\*this text is surrounded by literal asterisks\*
</code></pre>
<h3 id='code'>Code</h3>
<p>To indicate a span of code, wrap it with backtick quotes (<code>`</code>). Unlike a pre-formatted code block, a code span indicates code within a normal paragraph. For example:</p>
<pre><code>Use the `printf()` function.
</code></pre>
<p>will produce:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;Use the &lt;code&gt;printf()&lt;/code&gt; function.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>To include a literal backtick character within a code span, you can use multiple backticks as the opening and closing delimiters:</p>
<pre><code>``There is a literal backtick (`) here.``
</code></pre>
<p>which will produce this:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;There is a literal backtick (`) here.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>The backtick delimiters surrounding a code span may include spaces -- one after the opening, one before the closing. This allows you to place literal backtick characters at the beginning or end of a code span:</p>
<pre><code>A single backtick in a code span: `` ` ``
A backtick-delimited string in a code span: `` `foo` ``
</code></pre>
<p>will produce:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;A single backtick in a code span: &lt;code&gt;`&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A backtick-delimited string in a code span: &lt;code&gt;`foo`&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>With a code span, ampersands and angle brackets are encoded as HTML entities automatically, which makes it easy to include example HTML tags. Markdown will turn this:</p>
<pre><code>Please don&apos;t use any `&lt;blink&gt;` tags.
</code></pre>
<p>into:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;Please don&apos;t use any &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;blink&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>You can write this:</p>
<pre><code>`&amp;#8212;` is the decimal-encoded equivalent of `&amp;mdash;`.
</code></pre>
<p>to produce:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;amp;#8212;&lt;/code&gt; is the decimal-encoded
equivalent of &lt;code&gt;&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<h3 id='img'>Images</h3>
<p>Admittedly, it&apos;s fairly difficult to devise a &quot;natural&quot; syntax for placing images into a plain text document format.</p>
<p>Markdown uses an image syntax that is intended to resemble the syntax for links, allowing for two styles: <em>inline</em> and <em>reference</em>.</p>
<p>Inline image syntax looks like this:</p>
<pre><code>![Alt text](/path/to/img.jpg)
![Alt text](/path/to/img.jpg &quot;Optional title&quot;)
</code></pre>
<p>That is:</p>
<ul>
<li>An exclamation mark: <code>!</code>;</li>
<li>followed by a set of square brackets, containing the <code>alt</code> attribute text for the image;</li>
<li>followed by a set of parentheses, containing the URL or path to the image, and an optional <code>title</code> attribute enclosed in double or single quotes.</li>
</ul>
<p>Reference-style image syntax looks like this:</p>
<pre><code>![Alt text][id]
</code></pre>
<p>Where &quot;id&quot; is the name of a defined image reference. Image references are defined using syntax identical to link references:</p>
<pre><code>[id]: url/to/image &quot;Optional title attribute&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>As of this writing, Markdown has no syntax for specifying the dimensions of an image; if this is important to you, you can simply use regular HTML <code>&lt;img&gt;</code> tags.</p>
<hr />
<h2 id='misc'>Miscellaneous</h2>
<h3 id='autolink'>Automatic Links</h3>
<p>Markdown supports a shortcut style for creating &quot;automatic&quot; links for URLs and email addresses: simply surround the URL or email address with angle brackets. What this means is that if you want to show the actual text of a URL or email address, and also have it be a clickable link, you can do this:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;http://example.com/&gt;</code></pre>
<p>Markdown will turn this into:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;a href=&quot;http://example.com/&quot;&gt;http://example.com/&lt;/a&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Automatic links for email addresses work similarly, except that Markdown will also perform a bit of randomized decimal and hex entity-encoding to help obscure your address from address-harvesting spambots. For example, Markdown will turn this:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;address@example.com&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>into something like this:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;a href=&quot;&amp;#x6D;&amp;#x61;i&amp;#x6C;&amp;#x74;&amp;#x6F;:&amp;#x61;&amp;#x64;&amp;#x64;&amp;#x72;&amp;#x65;
&amp;#115;&amp;#115;&amp;#64;&amp;#101;&amp;#120;&amp;#x61;&amp;#109;&amp;#x70;&amp;#x6C;e&amp;#x2E;&amp;#99;&amp;#111;
&amp;#109;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x61;&amp;#x64;&amp;#x64;&amp;#x72;&amp;#x65;&amp;#115;&amp;#115;&amp;#64;&amp;#101;&amp;#120;&amp;#x61;
&amp;#109;&amp;#x70;&amp;#x6C;e&amp;#x2E;&amp;#99;&amp;#111;&amp;#109;&lt;/a&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>which will render in a browser as a clickable link to &quot;address@example.com&quot;.</p>
<p>(This sort of entity-encoding trick will indeed fool many, if not most, address-harvesting bots, but it definitely won&apos;t fool all of them. It&apos;s better than nothing, but an address published in this way will probably eventually start receiving spam.)</p>
<h3 id='backslash'>Backslash Escapes</h3>
<p>Markdown allows you to use backslash escapes to generate literal characters which would otherwise have special meaning in Markdown&apos;s formatting syntax. For example, if you wanted to surround a word with literal asterisks (instead of an HTML <code>&lt;em&gt;</code> tag), you can backslashes before the asterisks, like this:</p>
<pre><code>\*literal asterisks\*
</code></pre>
<p>Markdown provides backslash escapes for the following characters:</p>
<pre><code>\ backslash
` backtick
* asterisk
_ underscore
{} curly braces
[] square brackets
() parentheses
# hash mark
+ plus sign
- minus sign (hyphen)
. dot
! exclamation mark</code></pre>
<div class='footnotes'>
<hr />
<ol />
</div>
<div class='maruku_signature'>
<hr />
<span style='font-size: small; font-style: italic'>Created by <a href='http://maruku.rubyforge.org' title='Maruku: a Markdown interpreter'>Maruku</a> at 23:15 on Friday, January 05th, 2007.</span></div>
</body></html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,942 @@
<h1>Markdown: Syntax</h1>
<ul id="ProjectSubmenu">
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/" title="Markdown Project Page">Main</a></li>
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/basics" title="Markdown Basics">Basics</a></li>
<li><a class="selected" title="Markdown Syntax Documentation">Syntax</a></li>
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/license" title="Pricing and License Information">License</a></li>
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/dingus" title="Online Markdown Web Form">Dingus</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="#overview">Overview</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#philosophy">Philosophy</a></li>
<li><a href="#html">Inline HTML</a></li>
<li><a href="#autoescape">Automatic Escaping for Special Characters</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#block">Block Elements</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#p">Paragraphs and Line Breaks</a></li>
<li><a href="#header">Headers</a></li>
<li><a href="#blockquote">Blockquotes</a></li>
<li><a href="#list">Lists</a></li>
<li><a href="#precode">Code Blocks</a></li>
<li><a href="#hr">Horizontal Rules</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#span">Span Elements</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#link">Links</a></li>
<li><a href="#em">Emphasis</a></li>
<li><a href="#code">Code</a></li>
<li><a href="#img">Images</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li><a href="#misc">Miscellaneous</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#backslash">Backslash Escapes</a></li>
<li><a href="#autolink">Automatic Links</a></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>Note:</strong> This document is itself written using Markdown; you
can <a href="/projects/markdown/syntax.text">see the source for it by adding '.text' to the URL</a>.</p>
<hr />
<h2 id="overview">Overview</h2>
<h3 id="philosophy">Philosophy</h3>
<p>Markdown is intended to be as easy-to-read and easy-to-write as is feasible.</p>
<p>Readability, however, is emphasized above all else. A Markdown-formatted
document should be publishable as-is, as plain text, without looking
like it's been marked up with tags or formatting instructions. While
Markdown's syntax has been influenced by several existing text-to-HTML
filters -- including <a href="http://docutils.sourceforge.net/mirror/setext.html">Setext</a>, <a href="http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/atx/">atx</a>, <a href="http://textism.com/tools/textile/">Textile</a>, <a href="http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html">reStructuredText</a>,
<a href="http://www.triptico.com/software/grutatxt.html">Grutatext</a>, and <a href="http://ettext.taint.org/doc/">EtText</a> -- the single biggest source of
inspiration for Markdown's syntax is the format of plain text email.</p>
<p>To this end, Markdown's syntax is comprised entirely of punctuation
characters, which punctuation characters have been carefully chosen so
as to look like what they mean. E.g., asterisks around a word actually
look like *emphasis*. Markdown lists look like, well, lists. Even
blockquotes look like quoted passages of text, assuming you've ever
used email.</p>
<h3 id="html">Inline HTML</h3>
<p>Markdown's syntax is intended for one purpose: to be used as a
format for <em>writing</em> for the web.</p>
<p>Markdown is not a replacement for HTML, or even close to it. Its
syntax is very small, corresponding only to a very small subset of
HTML tags. The idea is <em>not</em> to create a syntax that makes it easier
to insert HTML tags. In my opinion, HTML tags are already easy to
insert. The idea for Markdown is to make it easy to read, write, and
edit prose. HTML is a <em>publishing</em> format; Markdown is a <em>writing</em>
format. Thus, Markdown's formatting syntax only addresses issues that
can be conveyed in plain text.</p>
<p>For any markup that is not covered by Markdown's syntax, you simply
use HTML itself. There's no need to preface it or delimit it to
indicate that you're switching from Markdown to HTML; you just use
the tags.</p>
<p>The only restrictions are that block-level HTML elements -- e.g. <code>&lt;div&gt;</code>,
<code>&lt;table&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;pre&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;p&gt;</code>, etc. -- must be separated from surrounding
content by blank lines, and the start and end tags of the block should
not be indented with tabs or spaces. Markdown is smart enough not
to add extra (unwanted) <code>&lt;p&gt;</code> tags around HTML block-level tags.</p>
<p>For example, to add an HTML table to a Markdown article:</p>
<pre><code>This is a regular paragraph.
&lt;table&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td&gt;Foo&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
This is another regular paragraph.
</code></pre>
<p>Note that Markdown formatting syntax is not processed within block-level
HTML tags. E.g., you can't use Markdown-style <code>*emphasis*</code> inside an
HTML block.</p>
<p>Span-level HTML tags -- e.g. <code>&lt;span&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;cite&gt;</code>, or <code>&lt;del&gt;</code> -- can be
used anywhere in a Markdown paragraph, list item, or header. If you
want, you can even use HTML tags instead of Markdown formatting; e.g. if
you'd prefer to use HTML <code>&lt;a&gt;</code> or <code>&lt;img&gt;</code> tags instead of Markdown's
link or image syntax, go right ahead.</p>
<p>Unlike block-level HTML tags, Markdown syntax <em>is</em> processed within
span-level tags.</p>
<h3 id="autoescape">Automatic Escaping for Special Characters</h3>
<p>In HTML, there are two characters that demand special treatment: <code>&lt;</code>
and <code>&amp;</code>. Left angle brackets are used to start tags; ampersands are
used to denote HTML entities. If you want to use them as literal
characters, you must escape them as entities, e.g. <code>&amp;lt;</code>, and
<code>&amp;amp;</code>.</p>
<p>Ampersands in particular are bedeviling for web writers. If you want to
write about 'AT&amp;T', you need to write '<code>AT&amp;amp;T</code>'. You even need to
escape ampersands within URLs. Thus, if you want to link to:</p>
<pre><code>http://images.google.com/images?num=30&amp;q=larry+bird
</code></pre>
<p>you need to encode the URL as:</p>
<pre><code>http://images.google.com/images?num=30&amp;amp;q=larry+bird
</code></pre>
<p>in your anchor tag <code>href</code> attribute. Needless to say, this is easy to
forget, and is probably the single most common source of HTML validation
errors in otherwise well-marked-up web sites.</p>
<p>Markdown allows you to use these characters naturally, taking care of
all the necessary escaping for you. If you use an ampersand as part of
an HTML entity, it remains unchanged; otherwise it will be translated
into <code>&amp;amp;</code>.</p>
<p>So, if you want to include a copyright symbol in your article, you can write:</p>
<pre><code>&amp;copy;
</code></pre>
<p>and Markdown will leave it alone. But if you write:</p>
<pre><code>AT&amp;T
</code></pre>
<p>Markdown will translate it to:</p>
<pre><code>AT&amp;amp;T
</code></pre>
<p>Similarly, because Markdown supports <a href="#html">inline HTML</a>, if you use
angle brackets as delimiters for HTML tags, Markdown will treat them as
such. But if you write:</p>
<pre><code>4 &lt; 5
</code></pre>
<p>Markdown will translate it to:</p>
<pre><code>4 &amp;lt; 5
</code></pre>
<p>However, inside Markdown code spans and blocks, angle brackets and
ampersands are <em>always</em> encoded automatically. This makes it easy to use
Markdown to write about HTML code. (As opposed to raw HTML, which is a
terrible format for writing about HTML syntax, because every single <code>&lt;</code>
and <code>&amp;</code> in your example code needs to be escaped.)</p>
<hr />
<h2 id="block">Block Elements</h2>
<h3 id="p">Paragraphs and Line Breaks</h3>
<p>A paragraph is simply one or more consecutive lines of text, separated
by one or more blank lines. (A blank line is any line that looks like a
blank line -- a line containing nothing but spaces or tabs is considered
blank.) Normal paragraphs should not be intended with spaces or tabs.</p>
<p>The implication of the "one or more consecutive lines of text" rule is
that Markdown supports "hard-wrapped" text paragraphs. This differs
significantly from most other text-to-HTML formatters (including Movable
Type's "Convert Line Breaks" option) which translate every line break
character in a paragraph into a <code>&lt;br /&gt;</code> tag.</p>
<p>When you <em>do</em> want to insert a <code>&lt;br /&gt;</code> break tag using Markdown, you
end a line with two or more spaces, then type return.</p>
<p>Yes, this takes a tad more effort to create a <code>&lt;br /&gt;</code>, but a simplistic
"every line break is a <code>&lt;br /&gt;</code>" rule wouldn't work for Markdown.
Markdown's email-style <a href="#blockquote">blockquoting</a> and multi-paragraph <a href="#list">list items</a>
work best -- and look better -- when you format them with hard breaks.</p>
<h3 id="header">Headers</h3>
<p>Markdown supports two styles of headers, <a href="http://docutils.sourceforge.net/mirror/setext.html">Setext</a> and <a href="http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/atx/">atx</a>.</p>
<p>Setext-style headers are "underlined" using equal signs (for first-level
headers) and dashes (for second-level headers). For example:</p>
<pre><code>This is an H1
=============
This is an H2
-------------
</code></pre>
<p>Any number of underlining <code>=</code>'s or <code>-</code>'s will work.</p>
<p>Atx-style headers use 1-6 hash characters at the start of the line,
corresponding to header levels 1-6. For example:</p>
<pre><code># This is an H1
## This is an H2
###### This is an H6
</code></pre>
<p>Optionally, you may "close" atx-style headers. This is purely
cosmetic -- you can use this if you think it looks better. The
closing hashes don't even need to match the number of hashes
used to open the header. (The number of opening hashes
determines the header level.) :</p>
<pre><code># This is an H1 #
## This is an H2 ##
### This is an H3 ######
</code></pre>
<h3 id="blockquote">Blockquotes</h3>
<p>Markdown uses email-style <code>&gt;</code> characters for blockquoting. If you're
familiar with quoting passages of text in an email message, then you
know how to create a blockquote in Markdown. It looks best if you hard
wrap the text and put a <code>&gt;</code> before every line:</p>
<pre><code>&gt; This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
&gt; consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus.
&gt; Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
&gt;
&gt; Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse
&gt; id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
</code></pre>
<p>Markdown allows you to be lazy and only put the <code>&gt;</code> before the first
line of a hard-wrapped paragraph:</p>
<pre><code>&gt; This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus.
Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
&gt; Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse
id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
</code></pre>
<p>Blockquotes can be nested (i.e. a blockquote-in-a-blockquote) by
adding additional levels of <code>&gt;</code>:</p>
<pre><code>&gt; This is the first level of quoting.
&gt;
&gt; &gt; This is nested blockquote.
&gt;
&gt; Back to the first level.
</code></pre>
<p>Blockquotes can contain other Markdown elements, including headers, lists,
and code blocks:</p>
<pre><code>&gt; ## This is a header.
&gt;
&gt; 1. This is the first list item.
&gt; 2. This is the second list item.
&gt;
&gt; Here's some example code:
&gt;
&gt; return shell_exec("echo $input | $markdown_script");
</code></pre>
<p>Any decent text editor should make email-style quoting easy. For
example, with BBEdit, you can make a selection and choose Increase
Quote Level from the Text menu.</p>
<h3 id="list">Lists</h3>
<p>Markdown supports ordered (numbered) and unordered (bulleted) lists.</p>
<p>Unordered lists use asterisks, pluses, and hyphens -- interchangably
-- as list markers:</p>
<pre><code>* Red
* Green
* Blue
</code></pre>
<p>is equivalent to:</p>
<pre><code>+ Red
+ Green
+ Blue
</code></pre>
<p>and:</p>
<pre><code>- Red
- Green
- Blue
</code></pre>
<p>Ordered lists use numbers followed by periods:</p>
<pre><code>1. Bird
2. McHale
3. Parish
</code></pre>
<p>It's important to note that the actual numbers you use to mark the
list have no effect on the HTML output Markdown produces. The HTML
Markdown produces from the above list is:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bird&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;McHale&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Parish&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>If you instead wrote the list in Markdown like this:</p>
<pre><code>1. Bird
1. McHale
1. Parish
</code></pre>
<p>or even:</p>
<pre><code>3. Bird
1. McHale
8. Parish
</code></pre>
<p>you'd get the exact same HTML output. The point is, if you want to,
you can use ordinal numbers in your ordered Markdown lists, so that
the numbers in your source match the numbers in your published HTML.
But if you want to be lazy, you don't have to.</p>
<p>If you do use lazy list numbering, however, you should still start the
list with the number 1. At some point in the future, Markdown may support
starting ordered lists at an arbitrary number.</p>
<p>List markers typically start at the left margin, but may be indented by
up to three spaces. List markers must be followed by one or more spaces
or a tab.</p>
<p>To make lists look nice, you can wrap items with hanging indents:</p>
<pre><code>* Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi,
viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
* Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit.
Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
</code></pre>
<p>But if you want to be lazy, you don't have to:</p>
<pre><code>* Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi,
viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
* Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit.
Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
</code></pre>
<p>If list items are separated by blank lines, Markdown will wrap the
items in <code>&lt;p&gt;</code> tags in the HTML output. For example, this input:</p>
<pre><code>* Bird
* Magic
</code></pre>
<p>will turn into:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bird&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Magic&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>But this:</p>
<pre><code>* Bird
* Magic
</code></pre>
<p>will turn into:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bird&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;p&gt;Magic&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>List items may consist of multiple paragraphs. Each subsequent
paragraph in a list item must be intended by either 4 spaces
or one tab:</p>
<pre><code>1. This is a list item with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor
sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit
mi posuere lectus.
Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet
vitae, risus. Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum
sit amet velit.
2. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
</code></pre>
<p>It looks nice if you indent every line of the subsequent
paragraphs, but here again, Markdown will allow you to be
lazy:</p>
<pre><code>* This is a list item with two paragraphs.
This is the second paragraph in the list item. You're
only required to indent the first line. Lorem ipsum dolor
sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
* Another item in the same list.
</code></pre>
<p>To put a blockquote within a list item, the blockquote's <code>&gt;</code>
delimiters need to be indented:</p>
<pre><code>* A list item with a blockquote:
&gt; This is a blockquote
&gt; inside a list item.
</code></pre>
<p>To put a code block within a list item, the code block needs
to be indented <em>twice</em> -- 8 spaces or two tabs:</p>
<pre><code>* A list item with a code block:
&lt;code goes here&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>It's worth noting that it's possible to trigger an ordered list by
accident, by writing something like this:</p>
<pre><code>1986. What a great season.
</code></pre>
<p>In other words, a <em>number-period-space</em> sequence at the beginning of a
line. To avoid this, you can backslash-escape the period:</p>
<pre><code>1986\. What a great season.
</code></pre>
<h3 id="precode">Code Blocks</h3>
<p>Pre-formatted code blocks are used for writing about programming or
markup source code. Rather than forming normal paragraphs, the lines
of a code block are interpreted literally. Markdown wraps a code block
in both <code>&lt;pre&gt;</code> and <code>&lt;code&gt;</code> tags.</p>
<p>To produce a code block in Markdown, simply indent every line of the
block by at least 4 spaces or 1 tab. For example, given this input:</p>
<pre><code>This is a normal paragraph:
This is a code block.
</code></pre>
<p>Markdown will generate:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;This is a normal paragraph:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;This is a code block.
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>One level of indentation -- 4 spaces or 1 tab -- is removed from each
line of the code block. For example, this:</p>
<pre><code>Here is an example of AppleScript:
tell application "Foo"
beep
end tell
</code></pre>
<p>will turn into:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;Here is an example of AppleScript:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;tell application "Foo"
beep
end tell
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>A code block continues until it reaches a line that is not indented
(or the end of the article).</p>
<p>Within a code block, ampersands (<code>&amp;</code>) and angle brackets (<code>&lt;</code> and <code>&gt;</code>)
are automatically converted into HTML entities. This makes it very
easy to include example HTML source code using Markdown -- just paste
it and indent it, and Markdown will handle the hassle of encoding the
ampersands and angle brackets. For example, this:</p>
<pre><code> &lt;div class="footer"&gt;
&amp;copy; 2004 Foo Corporation
&lt;/div&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>will turn into:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;pre&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;div class="footer"&amp;gt;
&amp;amp;copy; 2004 Foo Corporation
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;
&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Regular Markdown syntax is not processed within code blocks. E.g.,
asterisks are just literal asterisks within a code block. This means
it's also easy to use Markdown to write about Markdown's own syntax.</p>
<h3 id="hr">Horizontal Rules</h3>
<p>You can produce a horizontal rule tag (<code>&lt;hr /&gt;</code>) by placing three or
more hyphens, asterisks, or underscores on a line by themselves. If you
wish, you may use spaces between the hyphens or asterisks. Each of the
following lines will produce a horizontal rule:</p>
<pre><code>* * *
***
*****
- - -
---------------------------------------
_ _ _
</code></pre>
<hr />
<h2 id="span">Span Elements</h2>
<h3 id="link">Links</h3>
<p>Markdown supports two style of links: <em>inline</em> and <em>reference</em>.</p>
<p>In both styles, the link text is delimited by [square brackets].</p>
<p>To create an inline link, use a set of regular parentheses immediately
after the link text's closing square bracket. Inside the parentheses,
put the URL where you want the link to point, along with an <em>optional</em>
title for the link, surrounded in quotes. For example:</p>
<pre><code>This is [an example](http://example.com/ "Title") inline link.
[This link](http://example.net/) has no title attribute.
</code></pre>
<p>Will produce:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;This is &lt;a href="http://example.com/" title="Title"&gt;
an example&lt;/a&gt; inline link.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://example.net/"&gt;This link&lt;/a&gt; has no
title attribute.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>If you're referring to a local resource on the same server, you can
use relative paths:</p>
<pre><code>See my [About](/about/) page for details.
</code></pre>
<p>Reference-style links use a second set of square brackets, inside
which you place a label of your choosing to identify the link:</p>
<pre><code>This is [an example][id] reference-style link.
</code></pre>
<p>You can optionally use a space to separate the sets of brackets:</p>
<pre><code>This is [an example] [id] reference-style link.
</code></pre>
<p>Then, anywhere in the document, you define your link label like this,
on a line by itself:</p>
<pre><code>[id]: http://example.com/ "Optional Title Here"
</code></pre>
<p>That is:</p>
<ul>
<li>Square brackets containing the link identifier (optionally
indented from the left margin using up to three spaces);</li>
<li>followed by a colon;</li>
<li>followed by one or more spaces (or tabs);</li>
<li>followed by the URL for the link;</li>
<li>optionally followed by a title attribute for the link, enclosed
in double or single quotes.</li>
</ul>
<p>The link URL may, optionally, be surrounded by angle brackets:</p>
<pre><code>[id]: &lt;http://example.com/&gt; "Optional Title Here"
</code></pre>
<p>You can put the title attribute on the next line and use extra spaces
or tabs for padding, which tends to look better with longer URLs:</p>
<pre><code>[id]: http://example.com/longish/path/to/resource/here
"Optional Title Here"
</code></pre>
<p>Link definitions are only used for creating links during Markdown
processing, and are stripped from your document in the HTML output.</p>
<p>Link definition names may constist of letters, numbers, spaces, and punctuation -- but they are <em>not</em> case sensitive. E.g. these two links:</p>
<pre><code>[link text][a]
[link text][A]
</code></pre>
<p>are equivalent.</p>
<p>The <em>implicit link name</em> shortcut allows you to omit the name of the
link, in which case the link text itself is used as the name.
Just use an empty set of square brackets -- e.g., to link the word
"Google" to the google.com web site, you could simply write:</p>
<pre><code>[Google][]
</code></pre>
<p>And then define the link:</p>
<pre><code>[Google]: http://google.com/
</code></pre>
<p>Because link names may contain spaces, this shortcut even works for
multiple words in the link text:</p>
<pre><code>Visit [Daring Fireball][] for more information.
</code></pre>
<p>And then define the link:</p>
<pre><code>[Daring Fireball]: http://daringfireball.net/
</code></pre>
<p>Link definitions can be placed anywhere in your Markdown document. I
tend to put them immediately after each paragraph in which they're
used, but if you want, you can put them all at the end of your
document, sort of like footnotes.</p>
<p>Here's an example of reference links in action:</p>
<pre><code>I get 10 times more traffic from [Google] [1] than from
[Yahoo] [2] or [MSN] [3].
[1]: http://google.com/ "Google"
[2]: http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search"
[3]: http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search"
</code></pre>
<p>Using the implicit link name shortcut, you could instead write:</p>
<pre><code>I get 10 times more traffic from [Google][] than from
[Yahoo][] or [MSN][].
[google]: http://google.com/ "Google"
[yahoo]: http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search"
[msn]: http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search"
</code></pre>
<p>Both of the above examples will produce the following HTML output:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;I get 10 times more traffic from &lt;a href="http://google.com/"
title="Google"&gt;Google&lt;/a&gt; than from
&lt;a href="http://search.yahoo.com/" title="Yahoo Search"&gt;Yahoo&lt;/a&gt;
or &lt;a href="http://search.msn.com/" title="MSN Search"&gt;MSN&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>For comparison, here is the same paragraph written using
Markdown's inline link style:</p>
<pre><code>I get 10 times more traffic from [Google](http://google.com/ "Google")
than from [Yahoo](http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search") or
[MSN](http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search").
</code></pre>
<p>The point of reference-style links is not that they're easier to
write. The point is that with reference-style links, your document
source is vastly more readable. Compare the above examples: using
reference-style links, the paragraph itself is only 81 characters
long; with inline-style links, it's 176 characters; and as raw HTML,
it's 234 characters. In the raw HTML, there's more markup than there
is text.</p>
<p>With Markdown's reference-style links, a source document much more
closely resembles the final output, as rendered in a browser. By
allowing you to move the markup-related metadata out of the paragraph,
you can add links without interrupting the narrative flow of your
prose.</p>
<h3 id="em">Emphasis</h3>
<p>Markdown treats asterisks (<code>*</code>) and underscores (<code>_</code>) as indicators of
emphasis. Text wrapped with one <code>*</code> or <code>_</code> will be wrapped with an
HTML <code>&lt;em&gt;</code> tag; double <code>*</code>'s or <code>_</code>'s will be wrapped with an HTML
<code>&lt;strong&gt;</code> tag. E.g., this input:</p>
<pre><code>*single asterisks*
_single underscores_
**double asterisks**
__double underscores__
</code></pre>
<p>will produce:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;em&gt;single asterisks&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;em&gt;single underscores&lt;/em&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;double asterisks&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;double underscores&lt;/strong&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>You can use whichever style you prefer; the lone restriction is that
the same character must be used to open and close an emphasis span.</p>
<p>Emphasis can be used in the middle of a word:</p>
<pre><code>un*fucking*believable
</code></pre>
<p>But if you surround an <code>*</code> or <code>_</code> with spaces, it'll be treated as a
literal asterisk or underscore.</p>
<p>To produce a literal asterisk or underscore at a position where it
would otherwise be used as an emphasis delimiter, you can backslash
escape it:</p>
<pre><code>\*this text is surrounded by literal asterisks\*
</code></pre>
<h3 id="code">Code</h3>
<p>To indicate a span of code, wrap it with backtick quotes (<code>`</code>).
Unlike a pre-formatted code block, a code span indicates code within a
normal paragraph. For example:</p>
<pre><code>Use the `printf()` function.
</code></pre>
<p>will produce:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;Use the &lt;code&gt;printf()&lt;/code&gt; function.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>To include a literal backtick character within a code span, you can use
multiple backticks as the opening and closing delimiters:</p>
<pre><code>``There is a literal backtick (`) here.``
</code></pre>
<p>which will produce this:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;There is a literal backtick (`) here.&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>The backtick delimiters surrounding a code span may include spaces --
one after the opening, one before the closing. This allows you to place
literal backtick characters at the beginning or end of a code span:</p>
<pre><code>A single backtick in a code span: `` ` ``
A backtick-delimited string in a code span: `` `foo` ``
</code></pre>
<p>will produce:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;A single backtick in a code span: &lt;code&gt;`&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A backtick-delimited string in a code span: &lt;code&gt;`foo`&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>With a code span, ampersands and angle brackets are encoded as HTML
entities automatically, which makes it easy to include example HTML
tags. Markdown will turn this:</p>
<pre><code>Please don't use any `&lt;blink&gt;` tags.
</code></pre>
<p>into:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;Please don't use any &lt;code&gt;&amp;lt;blink&amp;gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>You can write this:</p>
<pre><code>`&amp;#8212;` is the decimal-encoded equivalent of `&amp;mdash;`.
</code></pre>
<p>to produce:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;p&gt;&lt;code&gt;&amp;amp;#8212;&lt;/code&gt; is the decimal-encoded
equivalent of &lt;code&gt;&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;/code&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</code></pre>
<h3 id="img">Images</h3>
<p>Admittedly, it's fairly difficult to devise a "natural" syntax for
placing images into a plain text document format.</p>
<p>Markdown uses an image syntax that is intended to resemble the syntax
for links, allowing for two styles: <em>inline</em> and <em>reference</em>.</p>
<p>Inline image syntax looks like this:</p>
<pre><code>![Alt text](/path/to/img.jpg)
![Alt text](/path/to/img.jpg "Optional title")
</code></pre>
<p>That is:</p>
<ul>
<li>An exclamation mark: <code>!</code>;</li>
<li>followed by a set of square brackets, containing the <code>alt</code>
attribute text for the image;</li>
<li>followed by a set of parentheses, containing the URL or path to
the image, and an optional <code>title</code> attribute enclosed in double
or single quotes.</li>
</ul>
<p>Reference-style image syntax looks like this:</p>
<pre><code>![Alt text][id]
</code></pre>
<p>Where "id" is the name of a defined image reference. Image references
are defined using syntax identical to link references:</p>
<pre><code>[id]: url/to/image "Optional title attribute"
</code></pre>
<p>As of this writing, Markdown has no syntax for specifying the
dimensions of an image; if this is important to you, you can simply
use regular HTML <code>&lt;img&gt;</code> tags.</p>
<hr />
<h2 id="misc">Miscellaneous</h2>
<h3 id="autolink">Automatic Links</h3>
<p>Markdown supports a shortcut style for creating "automatic" links for URLs and email addresses: simply surround the URL or email address with angle brackets. What this means is that if you want to show the actual text of a URL or email address, and also have it be a clickable link, you can do this:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;http://example.com/&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Markdown will turn this into:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;a href="http://example.com/"&gt;http://example.com/&lt;/a&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>Automatic links for email addresses work similarly, except that
Markdown will also perform a bit of randomized decimal and hex
entity-encoding to help obscure your address from address-harvesting
spambots. For example, Markdown will turn this:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;address@example.com&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>into something like this:</p>
<pre><code>&lt;a href="&amp;#x6D;&amp;#x61;i&amp;#x6C;&amp;#x74;&amp;#x6F;:&amp;#x61;&amp;#x64;&amp;#x64;&amp;#x72;&amp;#x65;
&amp;#115;&amp;#115;&amp;#64;&amp;#101;&amp;#120;&amp;#x61;&amp;#109;&amp;#x70;&amp;#x6C;e&amp;#x2E;&amp;#99;&amp;#111;
&amp;#109;"&gt;&amp;#x61;&amp;#x64;&amp;#x64;&amp;#x72;&amp;#x65;&amp;#115;&amp;#115;&amp;#64;&amp;#101;&amp;#120;&amp;#x61;
&amp;#109;&amp;#x70;&amp;#x6C;e&amp;#x2E;&amp;#99;&amp;#111;&amp;#109;&lt;/a&gt;
</code></pre>
<p>which will render in a browser as a clickable link to "address@example.com".</p>
<p>(This sort of entity-encoding trick will indeed fool many, if not
most, address-harvesting bots, but it definitely won't fool all of
them. It's better than nothing, but an address published in this way
will probably eventually start receiving spam.)</p>
<h3 id="backslash">Backslash Escapes</h3>
<p>Markdown allows you to use backslash escapes to generate literal
characters which would otherwise have special meaning in Markdown's
formatting syntax. For example, if you wanted to surround a word with
literal asterisks (instead of an HTML <code>&lt;em&gt;</code> tag), you can backslashes
before the asterisks, like this:</p>
<pre><code>\*literal asterisks\*
</code></pre>
<p>Markdown provides backslash escapes for the following characters:</p>
<pre><code>\ backslash
` backtick
* asterisk
_ underscore
{} curly braces
[] square brackets
() parentheses
# hash mark
+ plus sign
- minus sign (hyphen)
. dot
! exclamation mark
</code></pre>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,888 @@
Markdown: Syntax
================
<ul id="ProjectSubmenu">
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/" title="Markdown Project Page">Main</a></li>
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/basics" title="Markdown Basics">Basics</a></li>
<li><a class="selected" title="Markdown Syntax Documentation">Syntax</a></li>
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/license" title="Pricing and License Information">License</a></li>
<li><a href="/projects/markdown/dingus" title="Online Markdown Web Form">Dingus</a></li>
</ul>
* [Overview](#overview)
* [Philosophy](#philosophy)
* [Inline HTML](#html)
* [Automatic Escaping for Special Characters](#autoescape)
* [Block Elements](#block)
* [Paragraphs and Line Breaks](#p)
* [Headers](#header)
* [Blockquotes](#blockquote)
* [Lists](#list)
* [Code Blocks](#precode)
* [Horizontal Rules](#hr)
* [Span Elements](#span)
* [Links](#link)
* [Emphasis](#em)
* [Code](#code)
* [Images](#img)
* [Miscellaneous](#misc)
* [Backslash Escapes](#backslash)
* [Automatic Links](#autolink)
**Note:** This document is itself written using Markdown; you
can [see the source for it by adding '.text' to the URL][src].
[src]: /projects/markdown/syntax.text
* * *
<h2 id="overview">Overview</h2>
<h3 id="philosophy">Philosophy</h3>
Markdown is intended to be as easy-to-read and easy-to-write as is feasible.
Readability, however, is emphasized above all else. A Markdown-formatted
document should be publishable as-is, as plain text, without looking
like it's been marked up with tags or formatting instructions. While
Markdown's syntax has been influenced by several existing text-to-HTML
filters -- including [Setext] [1], [atx] [2], [Textile] [3], [reStructuredText] [4],
[Grutatext] [5], and [EtText] [6] -- the single biggest source of
inspiration for Markdown's syntax is the format of plain text email.
[1]: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/mirror/setext.html
[2]: http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/atx/
[3]: http://textism.com/tools/textile/
[4]: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/rst.html
[5]: http://www.triptico.com/software/grutatxt.html
[6]: http://ettext.taint.org/doc/
To this end, Markdown's syntax is comprised entirely of punctuation
characters, which punctuation characters have been carefully chosen so
as to look like what they mean. E.g., asterisks around a word actually
look like \*emphasis\*. Markdown lists look like, well, lists. Even
blockquotes look like quoted passages of text, assuming you've ever
used email.
<h3 id="html">Inline HTML</h3>
Markdown's syntax is intended for one purpose: to be used as a
format for *writing* for the web.
Markdown is not a replacement for HTML, or even close to it. Its
syntax is very small, corresponding only to a very small subset of
HTML tags. The idea is *not* to create a syntax that makes it easier
to insert HTML tags. In my opinion, HTML tags are already easy to
insert. The idea for Markdown is to make it easy to read, write, and
edit prose. HTML is a *publishing* format; Markdown is a *writing*
format. Thus, Markdown's formatting syntax only addresses issues that
can be conveyed in plain text.
For any markup that is not covered by Markdown's syntax, you simply
use HTML itself. There's no need to preface it or delimit it to
indicate that you're switching from Markdown to HTML; you just use
the tags.
The only restrictions are that block-level HTML elements -- e.g. `<div>`,
`<table>`, `<pre>`, `<p>`, etc. -- must be separated from surrounding
content by blank lines, and the start and end tags of the block should
not be indented with tabs or spaces. Markdown is smart enough not
to add extra (unwanted) `<p>` tags around HTML block-level tags.
For example, to add an HTML table to a Markdown article:
This is a regular paragraph.
<table>
<tr>
<td>Foo</td>
</tr>
</table>
This is another regular paragraph.
Note that Markdown formatting syntax is not processed within block-level
HTML tags. E.g., you can't use Markdown-style `*emphasis*` inside an
HTML block.
Span-level HTML tags -- e.g. `<span>`, `<cite>`, or `<del>` -- can be
used anywhere in a Markdown paragraph, list item, or header. If you
want, you can even use HTML tags instead of Markdown formatting; e.g. if
you'd prefer to use HTML `<a>` or `<img>` tags instead of Markdown's
link or image syntax, go right ahead.
Unlike block-level HTML tags, Markdown syntax *is* processed within
span-level tags.
<h3 id="autoescape">Automatic Escaping for Special Characters</h3>
In HTML, there are two characters that demand special treatment: `<`
and `&`. Left angle brackets are used to start tags; ampersands are
used to denote HTML entities. If you want to use them as literal
characters, you must escape them as entities, e.g. `&lt;`, and
`&amp;`.
Ampersands in particular are bedeviling for web writers. If you want to
write about 'AT&T', you need to write '`AT&amp;T`'. You even need to
escape ampersands within URLs. Thus, if you want to link to:
http://images.google.com/images?num=30&q=larry+bird
you need to encode the URL as:
http://images.google.com/images?num=30&amp;q=larry+bird
in your anchor tag `href` attribute. Needless to say, this is easy to
forget, and is probably the single most common source of HTML validation
errors in otherwise well-marked-up web sites.
Markdown allows you to use these characters naturally, taking care of
all the necessary escaping for you. If you use an ampersand as part of
an HTML entity, it remains unchanged; otherwise it will be translated
into `&amp;`.
So, if you want to include a copyright symbol in your article, you can write:
&copy;
and Markdown will leave it alone. But if you write:
AT&T
Markdown will translate it to:
AT&amp;T
Similarly, because Markdown supports [inline HTML](#html), if you use
angle brackets as delimiters for HTML tags, Markdown will treat them as
such. But if you write:
4 < 5
Markdown will translate it to:
4 &lt; 5
However, inside Markdown code spans and blocks, angle brackets and
ampersands are *always* encoded automatically. This makes it easy to use
Markdown to write about HTML code. (As opposed to raw HTML, which is a
terrible format for writing about HTML syntax, because every single `<`
and `&` in your example code needs to be escaped.)
* * *
<h2 id="block">Block Elements</h2>
<h3 id="p">Paragraphs and Line Breaks</h3>
A paragraph is simply one or more consecutive lines of text, separated
by one or more blank lines. (A blank line is any line that looks like a
blank line -- a line containing nothing but spaces or tabs is considered
blank.) Normal paragraphs should not be intended with spaces or tabs.
The implication of the "one or more consecutive lines of text" rule is
that Markdown supports "hard-wrapped" text paragraphs. This differs
significantly from most other text-to-HTML formatters (including Movable
Type's "Convert Line Breaks" option) which translate every line break
character in a paragraph into a `<br />` tag.
When you *do* want to insert a `<br />` break tag using Markdown, you
end a line with two or more spaces, then type return.
Yes, this takes a tad more effort to create a `<br />`, but a simplistic
"every line break is a `<br />`" rule wouldn't work for Markdown.
Markdown's email-style [blockquoting][bq] and multi-paragraph [list items][l]
work best -- and look better -- when you format them with hard breaks.
[bq]: #blockquote
[l]: #list
<h3 id="header">Headers</h3>
Markdown supports two styles of headers, [Setext] [1] and [atx] [2].
Setext-style headers are "underlined" using equal signs (for first-level
headers) and dashes (for second-level headers). For example:
This is an H1
=============
This is an H2
-------------
Any number of underlining `=`'s or `-`'s will work.
Atx-style headers use 1-6 hash characters at the start of the line,
corresponding to header levels 1-6. For example:
# This is an H1
## This is an H2
###### This is an H6
Optionally, you may "close" atx-style headers. This is purely
cosmetic -- you can use this if you think it looks better. The
closing hashes don't even need to match the number of hashes
used to open the header. (The number of opening hashes
determines the header level.) :
# This is an H1 #
## This is an H2 ##
### This is an H3 ######
<h3 id="blockquote">Blockquotes</h3>
Markdown uses email-style `>` characters for blockquoting. If you're
familiar with quoting passages of text in an email message, then you
know how to create a blockquote in Markdown. It looks best if you hard
wrap the text and put a `>` before every line:
> This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
> consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus.
> Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
>
> Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse
> id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
Markdown allows you to be lazy and only put the `>` before the first
line of a hard-wrapped paragraph:
> This is a blockquote with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus.
Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
> Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit. Suspendisse
id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
Blockquotes can be nested (i.e. a blockquote-in-a-blockquote) by
adding additional levels of `>`:
> This is the first level of quoting.
>
> > This is nested blockquote.
>
> Back to the first level.
Blockquotes can contain other Markdown elements, including headers, lists,
and code blocks:
> ## This is a header.
>
> 1. This is the first list item.
> 2. This is the second list item.
>
> Here's some example code:
>
> return shell_exec("echo $input | $markdown_script");
Any decent text editor should make email-style quoting easy. For
example, with BBEdit, you can make a selection and choose Increase
Quote Level from the Text menu.
<h3 id="list">Lists</h3>
Markdown supports ordered (numbered) and unordered (bulleted) lists.
Unordered lists use asterisks, pluses, and hyphens -- interchangably
-- as list markers:
* Red
* Green
* Blue
is equivalent to:
+ Red
+ Green
+ Blue
and:
- Red
- Green
- Blue
Ordered lists use numbers followed by periods:
1. Bird
2. McHale
3. Parish
It's important to note that the actual numbers you use to mark the
list have no effect on the HTML output Markdown produces. The HTML
Markdown produces from the above list is:
<ol>
<li>Bird</li>
<li>McHale</li>
<li>Parish</li>
</ol>
If you instead wrote the list in Markdown like this:
1. Bird
1. McHale
1. Parish
or even:
3. Bird
1. McHale
8. Parish
you'd get the exact same HTML output. The point is, if you want to,
you can use ordinal numbers in your ordered Markdown lists, so that
the numbers in your source match the numbers in your published HTML.
But if you want to be lazy, you don't have to.
If you do use lazy list numbering, however, you should still start the
list with the number 1. At some point in the future, Markdown may support
starting ordered lists at an arbitrary number.
List markers typically start at the left margin, but may be indented by
up to three spaces. List markers must be followed by one or more spaces
or a tab.
To make lists look nice, you can wrap items with hanging indents:
* Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi,
viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
* Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit.
Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
But if you want to be lazy, you don't have to:
* Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Aliquam hendrerit mi posuere lectus. Vestibulum enim wisi,
viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet vitae, risus.
* Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum sit amet velit.
Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
If list items are separated by blank lines, Markdown will wrap the
items in `<p>` tags in the HTML output. For example, this input:
* Bird
* Magic
will turn into:
<ul>
<li>Bird</li>
<li>Magic</li>
</ul>
But this:
* Bird
* Magic
will turn into:
<ul>
<li><p>Bird</p></li>
<li><p>Magic</p></li>
</ul>
List items may consist of multiple paragraphs. Each subsequent
paragraph in a list item must be intended by either 4 spaces
or one tab:
1. This is a list item with two paragraphs. Lorem ipsum dolor
sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Aliquam hendrerit
mi posuere lectus.
Vestibulum enim wisi, viverra nec, fringilla in, laoreet
vitae, risus. Donec sit amet nisl. Aliquam semper ipsum
sit amet velit.
2. Suspendisse id sem consectetuer libero luctus adipiscing.
It looks nice if you indent every line of the subsequent
paragraphs, but here again, Markdown will allow you to be
lazy:
* This is a list item with two paragraphs.
This is the second paragraph in the list item. You're
only required to indent the first line. Lorem ipsum dolor
sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
* Another item in the same list.
To put a blockquote within a list item, the blockquote's `>`
delimiters need to be indented:
* A list item with a blockquote:
> This is a blockquote
> inside a list item.
To put a code block within a list item, the code block needs
to be indented *twice* -- 8 spaces or two tabs:
* A list item with a code block:
<code goes here>
It's worth noting that it's possible to trigger an ordered list by
accident, by writing something like this:
1986. What a great season.
In other words, a *number-period-space* sequence at the beginning of a
line. To avoid this, you can backslash-escape the period:
1986\. What a great season.
<h3 id="precode">Code Blocks</h3>
Pre-formatted code blocks are used for writing about programming or
markup source code. Rather than forming normal paragraphs, the lines
of a code block are interpreted literally. Markdown wraps a code block
in both `<pre>` and `<code>` tags.
To produce a code block in Markdown, simply indent every line of the
block by at least 4 spaces or 1 tab. For example, given this input:
This is a normal paragraph:
This is a code block.
Markdown will generate:
<p>This is a normal paragraph:</p>
<pre><code>This is a code block.
</code></pre>
One level of indentation -- 4 spaces or 1 tab -- is removed from each
line of the code block. For example, this:
Here is an example of AppleScript:
tell application "Foo"
beep
end tell
will turn into:
<p>Here is an example of AppleScript:</p>
<pre><code>tell application "Foo"
beep
end tell
</code></pre>
A code block continues until it reaches a line that is not indented
(or the end of the article).
Within a code block, ampersands (`&`) and angle brackets (`<` and `>`)
are automatically converted into HTML entities. This makes it very
easy to include example HTML source code using Markdown -- just paste
it and indent it, and Markdown will handle the hassle of encoding the
ampersands and angle brackets. For example, this:
<div class="footer">
&copy; 2004 Foo Corporation
</div>
will turn into:
<pre><code>&lt;div class="footer"&gt;
&amp;copy; 2004 Foo Corporation
&lt;/div&gt;
</code></pre>
Regular Markdown syntax is not processed within code blocks. E.g.,
asterisks are just literal asterisks within a code block. This means
it's also easy to use Markdown to write about Markdown's own syntax.
<h3 id="hr">Horizontal Rules</h3>
You can produce a horizontal rule tag (`<hr />`) by placing three or
more hyphens, asterisks, or underscores on a line by themselves. If you
wish, you may use spaces between the hyphens or asterisks. Each of the
following lines will produce a horizontal rule:
* * *
***
*****
- - -
---------------------------------------
_ _ _
* * *
<h2 id="span">Span Elements</h2>
<h3 id="link">Links</h3>
Markdown supports two style of links: *inline* and *reference*.
In both styles, the link text is delimited by [square brackets].
To create an inline link, use a set of regular parentheses immediately
after the link text's closing square bracket. Inside the parentheses,
put the URL where you want the link to point, along with an *optional*
title for the link, surrounded in quotes. For example:
This is [an example](http://example.com/ "Title") inline link.
[This link](http://example.net/) has no title attribute.
Will produce:
<p>This is <a href="http://example.com/" title="Title">
an example</a> inline link.</p>
<p><a href="http://example.net/">This link</a> has no
title attribute.</p>
If you're referring to a local resource on the same server, you can
use relative paths:
See my [About](/about/) page for details.
Reference-style links use a second set of square brackets, inside
which you place a label of your choosing to identify the link:
This is [an example][id] reference-style link.
You can optionally use a space to separate the sets of brackets:
This is [an example] [id] reference-style link.
Then, anywhere in the document, you define your link label like this,
on a line by itself:
[id]: http://example.com/ "Optional Title Here"
That is:
* Square brackets containing the link identifier (optionally
indented from the left margin using up to three spaces);
* followed by a colon;
* followed by one or more spaces (or tabs);
* followed by the URL for the link;
* optionally followed by a title attribute for the link, enclosed
in double or single quotes.
The link URL may, optionally, be surrounded by angle brackets:
[id]: <http://example.com/> "Optional Title Here"
You can put the title attribute on the next line and use extra spaces
or tabs for padding, which tends to look better with longer URLs:
[id]: http://example.com/longish/path/to/resource/here
"Optional Title Here"
Link definitions are only used for creating links during Markdown
processing, and are stripped from your document in the HTML output.
Link definition names may constist of letters, numbers, spaces, and punctuation -- but they are *not* case sensitive. E.g. these two links:
[link text][a]
[link text][A]
are equivalent.
The *implicit link name* shortcut allows you to omit the name of the
link, in which case the link text itself is used as the name.
Just use an empty set of square brackets -- e.g., to link the word
"Google" to the google.com web site, you could simply write:
[Google][]
And then define the link:
[Google]: http://google.com/
Because link names may contain spaces, this shortcut even works for
multiple words in the link text:
Visit [Daring Fireball][] for more information.
And then define the link:
[Daring Fireball]: http://daringfireball.net/
Link definitions can be placed anywhere in your Markdown document. I
tend to put them immediately after each paragraph in which they're
used, but if you want, you can put them all at the end of your
document, sort of like footnotes.
Here's an example of reference links in action:
I get 10 times more traffic from [Google] [1] than from
[Yahoo] [2] or [MSN] [3].
[1]: http://google.com/ "Google"
[2]: http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search"
[3]: http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search"
Using the implicit link name shortcut, you could instead write:
I get 10 times more traffic from [Google][] than from
[Yahoo][] or [MSN][].
[google]: http://google.com/ "Google"
[yahoo]: http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search"
[msn]: http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search"
Both of the above examples will produce the following HTML output:
<p>I get 10 times more traffic from <a href="http://google.com/"
title="Google">Google</a> than from
<a href="http://search.yahoo.com/" title="Yahoo Search">Yahoo</a>
or <a href="http://search.msn.com/" title="MSN Search">MSN</a>.</p>
For comparison, here is the same paragraph written using
Markdown's inline link style:
I get 10 times more traffic from [Google](http://google.com/ "Google")
than from [Yahoo](http://search.yahoo.com/ "Yahoo Search") or
[MSN](http://search.msn.com/ "MSN Search").
The point of reference-style links is not that they're easier to
write. The point is that with reference-style links, your document
source is vastly more readable. Compare the above examples: using
reference-style links, the paragraph itself is only 81 characters
long; with inline-style links, it's 176 characters; and as raw HTML,
it's 234 characters. In the raw HTML, there's more markup than there
is text.
With Markdown's reference-style links, a source document much more
closely resembles the final output, as rendered in a browser. By
allowing you to move the markup-related metadata out of the paragraph,
you can add links without interrupting the narrative flow of your
prose.
<h3 id="em">Emphasis</h3>
Markdown treats asterisks (`*`) and underscores (`_`) as indicators of
emphasis. Text wrapped with one `*` or `_` will be wrapped with an
HTML `<em>` tag; double `*`'s or `_`'s will be wrapped with an HTML
`<strong>` tag. E.g., this input:
*single asterisks*
_single underscores_
**double asterisks**
__double underscores__
will produce:
<em>single asterisks</em>
<em>single underscores</em>
<strong>double asterisks</strong>
<strong>double underscores</strong>
You can use whichever style you prefer; the lone restriction is that
the same character must be used to open and close an emphasis span.
Emphasis can be used in the middle of a word:
un*fucking*believable
But if you surround an `*` or `_` with spaces, it'll be treated as a
literal asterisk or underscore.
To produce a literal asterisk or underscore at a position where it
would otherwise be used as an emphasis delimiter, you can backslash
escape it:
\*this text is surrounded by literal asterisks\*
<h3 id="code">Code</h3>
To indicate a span of code, wrap it with backtick quotes (`` ` ``).
Unlike a pre-formatted code block, a code span indicates code within a
normal paragraph. For example:
Use the `printf()` function.
will produce:
<p>Use the <code>printf()</code> function.</p>
To include a literal backtick character within a code span, you can use
multiple backticks as the opening and closing delimiters:
``There is a literal backtick (`) here.``
which will produce this:
<p><code>There is a literal backtick (`) here.</code></p>
The backtick delimiters surrounding a code span may include spaces --
one after the opening, one before the closing. This allows you to place
literal backtick characters at the beginning or end of a code span:
A single backtick in a code span: `` ` ``
A backtick-delimited string in a code span: `` `foo` ``
will produce:
<p>A single backtick in a code span: <code>`</code></p>
<p>A backtick-delimited string in a code span: <code>`foo`</code></p>
With a code span, ampersands and angle brackets are encoded as HTML
entities automatically, which makes it easy to include example HTML
tags. Markdown will turn this:
Please don't use any `<blink>` tags.
into:
<p>Please don't use any <code>&lt;blink&gt;</code> tags.</p>
You can write this:
`&#8212;` is the decimal-encoded equivalent of `&mdash;`.
to produce:
<p><code>&amp;#8212;</code> is the decimal-encoded
equivalent of <code>&amp;mdash;</code>.</p>
<h3 id="img">Images</h3>
Admittedly, it's fairly difficult to devise a "natural" syntax for
placing images into a plain text document format.
Markdown uses an image syntax that is intended to resemble the syntax
for links, allowing for two styles: *inline* and *reference*.
Inline image syntax looks like this:
![Alt text](/path/to/img.jpg)
![Alt text](/path/to/img.jpg "Optional title")
That is:
* An exclamation mark: `!`;
* followed by a set of square brackets, containing the `alt`
attribute text for the image;
* followed by a set of parentheses, containing the URL or path to
the image, and an optional `title` attribute enclosed in double
or single quotes.
Reference-style image syntax looks like this:
![Alt text][id]
Where "id" is the name of a defined image reference. Image references
are defined using syntax identical to link references:
[id]: url/to/image "Optional title attribute"
As of this writing, Markdown has no syntax for specifying the
dimensions of an image; if this is important to you, you can simply
use regular HTML `<img>` tags.
* * *
<h2 id="misc">Miscellaneous</h2>
<h3 id="autolink">Automatic Links</h3>
Markdown supports a shortcut style for creating "automatic" links for URLs and email addresses: simply surround the URL or email address with angle brackets. What this means is that if you want to show the actual text of a URL or email address, and also have it be a clickable link, you can do this:
<http://example.com/>
Markdown will turn this into:
<a href="http://example.com/">http://example.com/</a>
Automatic links for email addresses work similarly, except that
Markdown will also perform a bit of randomized decimal and hex
entity-encoding to help obscure your address from address-harvesting
spambots. For example, Markdown will turn this:
<address@example.com>
into something like this:
<a href="&#x6D;&#x61;i&#x6C;&#x74;&#x6F;:&#x61;&#x64;&#x64;&#x72;&#x65;
&#115;&#115;&#64;&#101;&#120;&#x61;&#109;&#x70;&#x6C;e&#x2E;&#99;&#111;
&#109;">&#x61;&#x64;&#x64;&#x72;&#x65;&#115;&#115;&#64;&#101;&#120;&#x61;
&#109;&#x70;&#x6C;e&#x2E;&#99;&#111;&#109;</a>
which will render in a browser as a clickable link to "address@example.com".
(This sort of entity-encoding trick will indeed fool many, if not
most, address-harvesting bots, but it definitely won't fool all of
them. It's better than nothing, but an address published in this way
will probably eventually start receiving spam.)
<h3 id="backslash">Backslash Escapes</h3>
Markdown allows you to use backslash escapes to generate literal
characters which would otherwise have special meaning in Markdown's
formatting syntax. For example, if you wanted to surround a word with
literal asterisks (instead of an HTML `<em>` tag), you can backslashes
before the asterisks, like this:
\*literal asterisks\*
Markdown provides backslash escapes for the following characters:
\ backslash
` backtick
* asterisk
_ underscore
{} curly braces
[] square brackets
() parentheses
# hash mark
+ plus sign
- minus sign (hyphen)
. dot
! exclamation mark

View File

@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd'>
<html lang='en' xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<head><meta content='text/html; charset=utf-8' http-equiv='Content-type' />
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<blockquote>
<p>foo</p>
<blockquote>
<p>bar</p>
</blockquote>
<p>foo</p>
</blockquote>
<div class='footnotes'>
<hr />
<ol />
</div>
<div class='maruku_signature'>
<hr />
<span style='font-size: small; font-style: italic'>Created by <a href='http://maruku.rubyforge.org' title='Maruku: a Markdown interpreter'>Maruku</a> at 23:15 on Friday, January 05th, 2007.</span></div>
</body></html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
<blockquote>
<p>foo</p>
<blockquote>
<p>bar</p>
</blockquote>
<p>foo</p>
</blockquote>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
> foo
>
> > bar
>
> foo

View File

@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd'>
<html lang='en' xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<head><meta content='text/html; charset=utf-8' http-equiv='Content-type' />
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<h2 id='unordered'>Unordered</h2>
<p>Asterisks tight:</p>
<ul>
<li>asterisk 1</li>
<li>asterisk 2</li>
<li>asterisk 3</li>
</ul>
<p>Asterisks loose:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>asterisk 1</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>asterisk 2</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>asterisk 3</p>
</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<p>Pluses tight:</p>
<ul>
<li>Plus 1</li>
<li>Plus 2</li>
<li>Plus 3</li>
</ul>
<p>Pluses loose:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Plus 1</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Plus 2</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Plus 3</p>
</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<p>Minuses tight:</p>
<ul>
<li>Minus 1</li>
<li>Minus 2</li>
<li>Minus 3</li>
</ul>
<p>Minuses loose:</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Minus 1</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Minus 2</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Minus 3</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id='ordered'>Ordered</h2>
<p>Tight:</p>
<ol>
<li>First</li>
<li>Second</li>
<li>Third</li>
</ol>
<p>and:</p>
<ol>
<li>One</li>
<li>Two</li>
<li>Three</li>
</ol>
<p>Loose using tabs:</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>First</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Second</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Third</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>and using spaces:</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>One</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Two</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Three</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>Multiple paragraphs:</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>Item 1, graf one.</p>
<p>Item 2. graf two. The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog&apos;s back.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Item 2.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Item 3.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<h2 id='nested'>Nested</h2>
<ul>
<li>Tab * Tab * Tab</li>
</ul>
<p>Here&apos;s another:</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>First</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Second:</p>
<ul>
<li>Fee</li>
<li>Fie</li>
<li>Foe</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Third</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>Same thing but with paragraphs:</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>First</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Second:</p>
<ul>
<li>Fee</li>
<li>Fie</li>
<li>Foe</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<p>Third</p>
</li>
</ol>
<div class='footnotes'>
<hr />
<ol />
</div>
<div class='maruku_signature'>
<hr />
<span style='font-size: small; font-style: italic'>Created by <a href='http://maruku.rubyforge.org' title='Maruku: a Markdown interpreter'>Maruku</a> at 23:15 on Friday, January 05th, 2007.</span></div>
</body></html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
<h2>Unordered</h2>
<p>Asterisks tight:</p>
<ul>
<li>asterisk 1</li>
<li>asterisk 2</li>
<li>asterisk 3</li>
</ul>
<p>Asterisks loose:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>asterisk 1</p></li>
<li><p>asterisk 2</p></li>
<li><p>asterisk 3</p></li>
</ul>
<hr />
<p>Pluses tight:</p>
<ul>
<li>Plus 1</li>
<li>Plus 2</li>
<li>Plus 3</li>
</ul>
<p>Pluses loose:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Plus 1</p></li>
<li><p>Plus 2</p></li>
<li><p>Plus 3</p></li>
</ul>
<hr />
<p>Minuses tight:</p>
<ul>
<li>Minus 1</li>
<li>Minus 2</li>
<li>Minus 3</li>
</ul>
<p>Minuses loose:</p>
<ul>
<li><p>Minus 1</p></li>
<li><p>Minus 2</p></li>
<li><p>Minus 3</p></li>
</ul>
<h2>Ordered</h2>
<p>Tight:</p>
<ol>
<li>First</li>
<li>Second</li>
<li>Third</li>
</ol>
<p>and:</p>
<ol>
<li>One</li>
<li>Two</li>
<li>Three</li>
</ol>
<p>Loose using tabs:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>First</p></li>
<li><p>Second</p></li>
<li><p>Third</p></li>
</ol>
<p>and using spaces:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>One</p></li>
<li><p>Two</p></li>
<li><p>Three</p></li>
</ol>
<p>Multiple paragraphs:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>Item 1, graf one.</p>
<p>Item 2. graf two. The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog's
back.</p></li>
<li><p>Item 2.</p></li>
<li><p>Item 3.</p></li>
</ol>
<h2>Nested</h2>
<ul>
<li>Tab
<ul>
<li>Tab
<ul>
<li>Tab</li>
</ul></li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<p>Here's another:</p>
<ol>
<li>First</li>
<li>Second:
<ul>
<li>Fee</li>
<li>Fie</li>
<li>Foe</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Third</li>
</ol>
<p>Same thing but with paragraphs:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>First</p></li>
<li><p>Second:</p>
<ul>
<li>Fee</li>
<li>Fie</li>
<li>Foe</li>
</ul></li>
<li><p>Third</p></li>
</ol>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
## Unordered
Asterisks tight:
* asterisk 1
* asterisk 2
* asterisk 3
Asterisks loose:
* asterisk 1
* asterisk 2
* asterisk 3
* * *
Pluses tight:
+ Plus 1
+ Plus 2
+ Plus 3
Pluses loose:
+ Plus 1
+ Plus 2
+ Plus 3
* * *
Minuses tight:
- Minus 1
- Minus 2
- Minus 3
Minuses loose:
- Minus 1
- Minus 2
- Minus 3
## Ordered
Tight:
1. First
2. Second
3. Third
and:
1. One
2. Two
3. Three
Loose using tabs:
1. First
2. Second
3. Third
and using spaces:
1. One
2. Two
3. Three
Multiple paragraphs:
1. Item 1, graf one.
Item 2. graf two. The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog's
back.
2. Item 2.
3. Item 3.
## Nested
* Tab
* Tab
* Tab
Here's another:
1. First
2. Second:
* Fee
* Fie
* Foe
3. Third
Same thing but with paragraphs:
1. First
2. Second:
* Fee
* Fie
* Foe
3. Third

View File

@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd'>
<html lang='en' xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<head><meta content='text/html; charset=utf-8' http-equiv='Content-type' />
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<p><strong><em>This is strong and em.</em></strong></p>
<p>So is <strong><em>this</em></strong> word.</p>
<p><strong><em>This is strong and em.</em></strong></p>
<p>So is <strong><em>this</em></strong> word.</p>
<div class='footnotes'>
<hr />
<ol />
</div>
<div class='maruku_signature'>
<hr />
<span style='font-size: small; font-style: italic'>Created by <a href='http://maruku.rubyforge.org' title='Maruku: a Markdown interpreter'>Maruku</a> at 23:15 on Friday, January 05th, 2007.</span></div>
</body></html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
<p><strong><em>This is strong and em.</em></strong></p>
<p>So is <strong><em>this</em></strong> word.</p>
<p><strong><em>This is strong and em.</em></strong></p>
<p>So is <strong><em>this</em></strong> word.</p>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
***This is strong and em.***
So is ***this*** word.
___This is strong and em.___
So is ___this___ word.

View File

@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd'>
<html lang='en' xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<head><meta content='text/html; charset=utf-8' http-equiv='Content-type' />
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<ul>
<li>
<p>this is a list item indented with tabs</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>this is a list item indented with spaces</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>Code:</p>
<pre><code>this code block is indented by one tab
</code></pre>
<p>And:</p>
<pre><code> this code block is indented by two tabs
</code></pre>
<p>And:</p>
<pre><code>+ this is an example list item
indented with tabs
+ this is an example list item
indented with spaces</code></pre>
<div class='footnotes'>
<hr />
<ol />
</div>
<div class='maruku_signature'>
<hr />
<span style='font-size: small; font-style: italic'>Created by <a href='http://maruku.rubyforge.org' title='Maruku: a Markdown interpreter'>Maruku</a> at 23:15 on Friday, January 05th, 2007.</span></div>
</body></html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
<ul>
<li><p>this is a list item
indented with tabs</p></li>
<li><p>this is a list item
indented with spaces</p></li>
</ul>
<p>Code:</p>
<pre><code>this code block is indented by one tab
</code></pre>
<p>And:</p>
<pre><code> this code block is indented by two tabs
</code></pre>
<p>And:</p>
<pre><code>+ this is an example list item
indented with tabs
+ this is an example list item
indented with spaces
</code></pre>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+ this is a list item
indented with tabs
+ this is a list item
indented with spaces
Code:
this code block is indented by one tab
And:
this code block is indented by two tabs
And:
+ this is an example list item
indented with tabs
+ this is an example list item
indented with spaces

View File

@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd'>
<html lang='en' xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<head><meta content='text/html; charset=utf-8' http-equiv='Content-type' />
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<blockquote>
<p>A list within a blockquote:</p>
<ul>
<li>asterisk 1</li>
<li>asterisk 2</li>
<li>asterisk 3</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<div class='footnotes'>
<hr />
<ol />
</div>
<div class='maruku_signature'>
<hr />
<span style='font-size: small; font-style: italic'>Created by <a href='http://maruku.rubyforge.org' title='Maruku: a Markdown interpreter'>Maruku</a> at 23:15 on Friday, January 05th, 2007.</span></div>
</body></html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
<blockquote>
<p>A list within a blockquote:</p>
<ul>
<li>asterisk 1</li>
<li>asterisk 2</li>
<li>asterisk 3</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
> A list within a blockquote:
>
> * asterisk 1
> * asterisk 2
> * asterisk 3

View File

@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
**This bug is now solved**
Previously, a bug would not let you use `code` inside links text.
So this:
Use the [`syntax`][syntax]
produces:
> Use the [`syntax`][syntax]
And this:
Use the `[syntax][syntax]`
produces:
> Use the `[syntax][syntax]`
[syntax]: http://gogole.com

View File

@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
What do you see here? `\\` it should be two backslashes.

6
vendor/plugins/maruku/tests/convert_all.sh vendored Executable file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
#!/bin/bash
ruby -I../lib ../bin/maruku MarkdownTest_1.0/Tests/*.text
ruby -I../lib ../bin/maruku others/*.md
#ruby -I../lib ../bin/marutex others/*.md

View File

@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
body {
max-width: 36em;
}
div.maruku-equation {
display: block;
padding-top: 0.5em;
padding-bottom: 0.5em;
}
div.maruku-equation span.maruku-eq-number {
float: right;
padding-right: 2em;
}
div.maruku-equation div.maruku-eq-tex {
font-size: 70%;
float: left;
margin-top: -3em;
padding: .5em;
border: dashed 1px pink;
}
div.maruku-equation div.maruku-eq-tex:hover {
float: none;
display: block;
padding: 3em;
/*background-color: lightgray;*/
}
div.maruku-equation div.maruku-eq-tex code {
display: none;
background-color: #ffe;
padding: 1em;
}
div.maruku-equation div.maruku-eq-tex:hover code {
display: block !important;
}

View File

@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
%\def\text{\textrm}
\usepackage{amssymb,amsmath}

7
vendor/plugins/maruku/tests/math/run.sh vendored Executable file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
#
ruby -I../../lib use_itex.rb < private.txt
# creates the pdf
ruby -I../../lib ../../bin/maruku --pdf private.txt

View File

@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
LaTeX preamble: preamble.tex
CSS: math.css
Here are some formulas:
* $\alpha$
* $x^{n}+y^{n} \neq z^{n}$
Some inline maths: $\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^n}{n} = \ln 2$.
Some display maths:
\[ \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n} \]
\[ \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n} \text{ is divergent, but } \lim_{n \to \infty} \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{1}{i} - \ln n \text{ exists.} \] (a)
Some random AMSTeX symbols - thanks to Robin Snader for adding these:
$$ \beth \Subset \bigtriangleup \smallsmile \bumpeq \ggg \pitchfork $$
Note that $\hat g$ , $J$, and $\gamma_1\gamma_2$ all restrict to
$x_1 \overline{x_2} \oplus x_2 \overline{x_1}$ and that this module
is linear in $x_1$ and $x_2$.
See label \eqref{a}.
$$ \href{#hello}{\alpha+\beta} $$
## Cross references ##
The following are 4 equations, labeled A,B,C,D:
$$ \alpha $$ (A)
\[
\beta
\] (B)
$$ \gamma \label{C} $$
\[
\delta \label{D}
\]
You can now refer to (eq:A), (eq:B), \eqref{C}, \eqref{D}.

View File

@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC
"-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1 plus MathML 2.0 plus SVG 1.1//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/2002/04/xhtml-math-svg/xhtml-math-svg.dtd">
<html xmlns:svg='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<head><meta content='application/xhtml+xml;charset=utf-8' http-equiv='Content-type' /><title></title><link href='math.css' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' /></head>
<body>
<p>Here are some formulas:</p>
<ul>
<li><math display='inline' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>&alpha;</mi></math></li>
<li><math display='inline' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msup><mi>x</mi> <mi>n</mi></msup><mo>+</mo><msup><mi>y</mi> <mi>n</mi></msup><mo>&ne;</mo><msup><mi>z</mi> <mi>n</mi></msup></math></li>
</ul>
<p>Some inline maths: <math display='inline' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msubsup><mo rspace='thinmathspace' lspace='thinmathspace'>&Sum;</mo> <mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1 </mn></mrow> <mn>&infin;</mn></msubsup><mfrac><mrow><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mo rspace='0em' lspace='verythinmathspace'>&minus;</mo><mn>1 </mn><msup><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo> <mi>n</mi></msup></mrow><mi>n</mi></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mi>ln</mi><mn>2 </mn></math>.</p>
<p>Some display maths:</p>
<div class='maruku-equation'><math display='block' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><munderover><mo rspace='thinmathspace' lspace='thinmathspace'>&Sum;</mo> <mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1 </mn></mrow> <mn>&infin;</mn></munderover><mfrac><mn>1 </mn><mi>n</mi></mfrac></math><div class='maruku-eq-tex'><code style='display: none'> \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n} </code></div></div><div class='maruku-equation' id='eq:a'><span class='maruku-eq-number'>(1)</span><math display='block' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><munderover><mo rspace='thinmathspace' lspace='thinmathspace'>&Sum;</mo> <mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1 </mn></mrow> <mn>&infin;</mn></munderover><mfrac><mn>1 </mn><mi>n</mi></mfrac><mtext> is divergent, but </mtext><munder><mi>lim</mi> <mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>&rightarrow;</mo><mn>&infin;</mn></mrow></munder><munderover><mo rspace='thinmathspace' lspace='thinmathspace'>&Sum;</mo> <mrow><mi>i</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1 </mn></mrow> <mi>n</mi></munderover><mfrac><mn>1 </mn><mi>i</mi></mfrac><mo>&minus;</mo><mi>ln</mi><mi>n</mi><mtext> exists.</mtext></math><div class='maruku-eq-tex'><code style='display: none'> \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n} \text{ is divergent, but } \lim_{n \to \infty} \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{1}{i} - \ln n \text{ exists.} </code></div></div>
<p>Some random AMSTeX symbols - thanks to Robin Snader for adding these:</p>
<div class='maruku-equation'><math display='block' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>&beth;</mi><mo>&Subset;</mo><mo>&bigtriangleup;</mo><mo rspace='thinmathspace' lspace='0em'>smallsmile</mo><mo>&bumpeq;</mo><mo>&ggg;</mo><mo>&pitchfork;</mo></math><div class='maruku-eq-tex'><code style='display: none'> \beth \Subset \bigtriangleup \smallsmile \bumpeq \ggg \pitchfork </code></div></div>
<p>Note that <math display='inline' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mover><mi>g</mi><mo stretchy='false'>&#x302;</mo></mover></math> , <math display='inline' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>J</mi></math>, and <math display='inline' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msub><mi>&gamma;</mi> <mn>1 </mn></msub><msub><mi>&gamma;</mi> <mn>2 </mn></msub></math> all restrict to</p>
<p><math display='inline' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msub><mi>x</mi> <mn>1 </mn></msub><mover><mrow><msub><mi>x</mi> <mn>2 </mn></msub></mrow><mo>&OverBar;</mo></mover><mo>&oplus;</mo><msub><mi>x</mi> <mn>2 </mn></msub><mover><mrow><msub><mi>x</mi> <mn>1 </mn></msub></mrow><mo>&OverBar;</mo></mover></math> and that this module is linear in <math display='inline' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msub><mi>x</mi> <mn>1 </mn></msub></math> and <math display='inline' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><msub><mi>x</mi> <mn>2 </mn></msub></math>.</p>
<p>See label <a href='#eq:a' class='maruku-eqref'>(1)</a>.</p>
<div class='maruku-equation'><math display='block' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mrow xlink:href='#hello' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink' xlink:type='simple'><mrow><mi>&alpha;</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>&beta;</mi></mrow></mrow></math><div class='maruku-eq-tex'><code style='display: none'> \href{#hello}{\alpha+\beta} </code></div></div>
<h2 id='cross_references'>Cross references</h2>
<p>The following are 4 equations, labeled A,B,C,D:</p>
<div class='maruku-equation' id='eq:A'><span class='maruku-eq-number'>(2)</span><math display='block' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>&alpha;</mi></math><div class='maruku-eq-tex'><code style='display: none'> \alpha </code></div></div><div class='maruku-equation' id='eq:B'><span class='maruku-eq-number'>(3)</span><math display='block' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>&beta;</mi></math><div class='maruku-eq-tex'><code style='display: none'> \beta
</code></div></div><div class='maruku-equation' id='eq:C'><span class='maruku-eq-number'>(4)</span><math display='block' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>&gamma;</mi></math><div class='maruku-eq-tex'><code style='display: none'> \gamma </code></div></div><div class='maruku-equation' id='eq:D'><span class='maruku-eq-number'>(5)</span><math display='block' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML'><mi>&delta;</mi></math><div class='maruku-eq-tex'><code style='display: none'> \delta
</code></div></div>
<p>You can now refer to <a href='#eq:A' class='maruku-eqref'>(2)</a>, <a href='#eq:B' class='maruku-eqref'>(3)</a>, <a href='#eq:C' class='maruku-eqref'>(4)</a>, <a href='#eq:D' class='maruku-eqref'>(5)</a>.</p>
<div class='maruku_signature'><hr /><span style='font-size: small; font-style: italic'>Created by <a href='http://maruku.rubyforge.org' title='Maruku: a Markdown-superset interpreter for Ruby'>Maruku</a> at 21:13 on Sunday, January 14th, 2007.</span></div></body></html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
# run this as:
# ruby -I../../lib use_itex.rb < private.txt
require 'maruku'
module MaRuKu; module Out; module HTML
def to_html_inline_math_itex
# You can: either return a REXML::Element
# return Element.new 'div'
# or return an empty array on error
# return []
# or have a string parsed by REXML:
tex = self.math
tex.gsub!('&','&amp;')
mathml = "<code>#{tex}</code>"
return Document.new(mathml).root
end
def to_html_equation_itex
return to_html_inline_math_itex
end
end end end
MaRuKu::Globals[:html_math_engine] = 'itex'
doc = Maruku.new($stdin.read, {:on_error => :raise})
File.open('output.xhtml','w') do |f|
f.puts doc.to_html_document
end

View File

@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
css: math.css
This is an example document. Inline: $a$, $b$, $q$ and stop.
$$ \int_a^b f(x) dx $$ (1)
See for example (eq:1).
Equation inline: $ \int_a^b f(x) dx $ and that's it.
Spacing: Maruku outputs sizes and alignment for images in `ex`. An `ex` is one `x`:
x, $\textrm{x}$, $x$ should have the same height.

View File

@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
body {
max-width: 35em;
}
span.maruku-inline .maruku-mathml {
//display: none;
}
div.maruku-equation .maruku-mathml {
//display: none;
}
span.maruku-inline .maruku-png {
}
div.maruku-equation .maruku-png {
}
div.maruku-equation {
text-align: center;
}
div.maruku-equation span.maruku-eq-number {
display: block; float: right; padding-right: 2em;
}

View File

@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
maruku="ruby -I../../lib ../../bin/maruku"
#input="private.txt"
input="document.md"
$maruku -m itex2mml -o itex2mml.xhtml $input
$maruku -m ritex -o ritex.xhtml $input
$maruku -m none -o none.html $input
$maruku -m blahtex -o blahtex.xhtml $input
$maruku -m none --math-images blahtex -o blahtexi.html $input
$maruku -m blahtex --math-images blahtex -o blahtexmi.xhtml $input

View File

@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
These should all get escaped:
Backslash: \\
Backtick: \`
Asterisk: \*
Underscore: \_
Left brace: \{
Right brace: \}
Left bracket: \[
Right bracket: \]
Left paren: \(
Right paren: \)
Greater-than: \>
Hash: \#
Period: \.
Bang: \!
Plus: \+
Minus: \-
So, these are TeX's special chars:
> \\ { } $ & # ^ _ % ~
These should not, because they occur within a code block:
Backslash: \\
Backtick: \`
Asterisk: \*
Underscore: \_
Left brace: \{
Right brace: \}
Left bracket: \[
Right bracket: \]
Left paren: \(
Right paren: \)
Greater-than: \>
Hash: \#
Period: \.
Bang: \!
Plus: \+
Minus: \-
Nor should these, which occur in code spans:
Backslash: `\\`
Backtick: `` \` ``
Asterisk: `\*`
Underscore: `\_`
Left brace: `\{`
Right brace: `\}`
Left bracket: `\[`
Right bracket: `\]`
Left paren: `\(`
Right paren: `\)`
Greater-than: `\>`
Hash: `\#`
Period: `\.`
Bang: `\!`
Plus: `\+`
Minus: `\-`

View File

@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd'>
<html lang='en' xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<p>The <abbr title='Hyper Text Markup Language'>HTML</abbr> specification is maintained by the <abbr title='World Wide Web Consortium'>W3C</abbr>.</p>
<p>Operation <abbr>Tigra Genesis</abbr> is going well.</p>
<div class='maruku_signature'>
<hr />
<span style='font-size: small; font-style: italic'>Created by <a href='http://maruku.rubyforge.org' title='Maruku: a Markdown interpreter'>Maruku</a> at 00:19 on Wednesday, January 03rd, 2007.</span></div>
</body></html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
The HTML specification is maintained by the W3C.
*[HTML]: Hyper Text Markup Language
*[W3C]: World Wide Web Consortium
Operation Tigra Genesis is going well.
*[Tigra Genesis]:

View File

@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd'>
<html lang='en' xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Linea 1</p>
<p>Linea 2</p>
<div class='maruku_signature'>
<hr />
<span style='font-size: small; font-style: italic'>Created by <a href='http://maruku.rubyforge.org' title='Maruku: a Markdown interpreter'>Maruku</a> at 00:19 on Wednesday, January 03rd, 2007.</span></div>
</body></html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
Linea 1
Linea 2

View File

@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd'>
<html lang='en' xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Here is an example of AppleScript:</p>
<pre><code>tell application &quot;Foo&quot;
beep
end tell</code></pre>
<div class='maruku_signature'>
<hr />
<span style='font-size: small; font-style: italic'>Created by <a href='http://maruku.rubyforge.org' title='Maruku: a Markdown interpreter'>Maruku</a> at 00:19 on Wednesday, January 03rd, 2007.</span></div>
</body></html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
Here is an example of AppleScript:
tell application "Foo"
beep
end tell

View File

@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC '-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN'
'http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd'>
<html lang='en' xml:lang='en' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'>
<head>
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<blockquote>
<h2 id='this_is_a_header'>This is a header.</h2>
<ol>
<li>This is the first list item.</li>
<li>This is the second list item.</li>
</ol>
<p>Here&apos;s some example code:</p>
<pre><code>return shell_exec(&quot;echo $input | $markdown_script&quot;);</code></pre>
</blockquote>
<div class='maruku_signature'>
<hr />
<span style='font-size: small; font-style: italic'>Created by <a href='http://maruku.rubyforge.org' title='Maruku: a Markdown interpreter'>Maruku</a> at 00:19 on Wednesday, January 03rd, 2007.</span></div>
</body></html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
> ## This is a header.
>
> 1. This is the first list item.
> 2. This is the second list item.
>
> Here's some example code:
>
> return shell_exec("echo $input | $markdown_script");

Some files were not shown because too many files have changed in this diff Show More