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module ActiveRecord
# Raised by save! and create! when the record is invalid. Use the
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# +record+ method to retrieve the record which did not validate.
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# begin
# complex_operation_that_calls_save!_internally
# rescue ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid => invalid
# puts invalid.record.errors
# end
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class RecordInvalid < ActiveRecordError
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attr_reader :record
def initialize ( record )
@record = record
super ( " Validation failed: #{ @record . errors . full_messages . join ( " , " ) } " )
end
end
# Active Record validation is reported to and from this object, which is used by Base#save to
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# determine whether the object is in a valid state to be saved. See usage example in Validations.
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class Errors
include Enumerable
def initialize ( base ) # :nodoc:
@base , @errors = base , { }
end
@@default_error_messages = {
:inclusion = > " is not included in the list " ,
:exclusion = > " is reserved " ,
:invalid = > " is invalid " ,
:confirmation = > " doesn't match confirmation " ,
:accepted = > " must be accepted " ,
:empty = > " can't be empty " ,
:blank = > " can't be blank " ,
:too_long = > " is too long (maximum is %d characters) " ,
:too_short = > " is too short (minimum is %d characters) " ,
:wrong_length = > " is the wrong length (should be %d characters) " ,
:taken = > " has already been taken " ,
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:not_a_number = > " is not a number " ,
:greater_than = > " must be greater than %d " ,
:greater_than_or_equal_to = > " must be greater than or equal to %d " ,
:equal_to = > " must be equal to %d " ,
:less_than = > " must be less than %d " ,
:less_than_or_equal_to = > " must be less than or equal to %d " ,
:odd = > " must be odd " ,
:even = > " must be even "
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}
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# Holds a hash with all the default error messages that can be replaced by your own copy or localizations.
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cattr_accessor :default_error_messages
# Adds an error to the base object instead of any particular attribute. This is used
# to report errors that don't tie to any specific attribute, but rather to the object
# as a whole. These error messages don't get prepended with any field name when iterating
# with each_full, so they should be complete sentences.
def add_to_base ( msg )
add ( :base , msg )
end
# Adds an error message (+msg+) to the +attribute+, which will be returned on a call to <tt>on(attribute)</tt>
# for the same attribute and ensure that this error object returns false when asked if <tt>empty?</tt>. More than one
# error can be added to the same +attribute+ in which case an array will be returned on a call to <tt>on(attribute)</tt>.
# If no +msg+ is supplied, "invalid" is assumed.
def add ( attribute , msg = @@default_error_messages [ :invalid ] )
@errors [ attribute . to_s ] = [ ] if @errors [ attribute . to_s ] . nil?
@errors [ attribute . to_s ] << msg
end
# Will add an error message to each of the attributes in +attributes+ that is empty.
def add_on_empty ( attributes , msg = @@default_error_messages [ :empty ] )
for attr in [ attributes ] . flatten
value = @base . respond_to? ( attr . to_s ) ? @base . send ( attr . to_s ) : @base [ attr . to_s ]
is_empty = value . respond_to? ( " empty? " ) ? value . empty? : false
add ( attr , msg ) unless ! value . nil? && ! is_empty
end
end
# Will add an error message to each of the attributes in +attributes+ that is blank (using Object#blank?).
def add_on_blank ( attributes , msg = @@default_error_messages [ :blank ] )
for attr in [ attributes ] . flatten
value = @base . respond_to? ( attr . to_s ) ? @base . send ( attr . to_s ) : @base [ attr . to_s ]
add ( attr , msg ) if value . blank?
end
end
# Returns true if the specified +attribute+ has errors associated with it.
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#
# class Company < ActiveRecord::Base
# validates_presence_of :name, :address, :email
# validates_length_of :name, :in => 5..30
# end
#
# company = Company.create(:address => '123 First St.')
# company.errors.invalid?(:name) # => true
# company.errors.invalid?(:address) # => false
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def invalid? ( attribute )
! @errors [ attribute . to_s ] . nil?
end
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# Returns nil, if no errors are associated with the specified +attribute+.
# Returns the error message, if one error is associated with the specified +attribute+.
# Returns an array of error messages, if more than one error is associated with the specified +attribute+.
#
# class Company < ActiveRecord::Base
# validates_presence_of :name, :address, :email
# validates_length_of :name, :in => 5..30
# end
#
# company = Company.create(:address => '123 First St.')
# company.errors.on(:name) # => ["is too short (minimum is 5 characters)", "can't be blank"]
# company.errors.on(:email) # => "can't be blank"
# company.errors.on(:address) # => nil
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def on ( attribute )
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errors = @errors [ attribute . to_s ]
return nil if errors . nil?
errors . size == 1 ? errors . first : errors
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end
alias :[] :on
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# Returns errors assigned to the base object through add_to_base according to the normal rules of on(attribute).
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def on_base
on ( :base )
end
# Yields each attribute and associated message per error added.
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#
# class Company < ActiveRecord::Base
# validates_presence_of :name, :address, :email
# validates_length_of :name, :in => 5..30
# end
#
# company = Company.create(:address => '123 First St.')
# company.errors.each{|attr,msg| puts "#{attr} - #{msg}" } # =>
# name - is too short (minimum is 5 characters)
# name - can't be blank
# address - can't be blank
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def each
@errors . each_key { | attr | @errors [ attr ] . each { | msg | yield attr , msg } }
end
# Yields each full error message added. So Person.errors.add("first_name", "can't be empty") will be returned
# through iteration as "First name can't be empty".
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#
# class Company < ActiveRecord::Base
# validates_presence_of :name, :address, :email
# validates_length_of :name, :in => 5..30
# end
#
# company = Company.create(:address => '123 First St.')
# company.errors.each_full{|msg| puts msg } # =>
# Name is too short (minimum is 5 characters)
# Name can't be blank
# Address can't be blank
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def each_full
full_messages . each { | msg | yield msg }
end
# Returns all the full error messages in an array.
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#
# class Company < ActiveRecord::Base
# validates_presence_of :name, :address, :email
# validates_length_of :name, :in => 5..30
# end
#
# company = Company.create(:address => '123 First St.')
# company.errors.full_messages # =>
# ["Name is too short (minimum is 5 characters)", "Name can't be blank", "Address can't be blank"]
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def full_messages
full_messages = [ ]
@errors . each_key do | attr |
@errors [ attr ] . each do | msg |
next if msg . nil?
if attr == " base "
full_messages << msg
else
full_messages << @base . class . human_attribute_name ( attr ) + " " + msg
end
end
end
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full_messages
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end
# Returns true if no errors have been added.
def empty?
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@errors . empty?
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end
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# Removes all errors that have been added.
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def clear
@errors = { }
end
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# Returns the total number of errors added. Two errors added to the same attribute will be counted as such.
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def size
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@errors . values . inject ( 0 ) { | error_count , attribute | error_count + attribute . size }
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end
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alias_method :count , :size
alias_method :length , :size
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# Returns an XML representation of this error object.
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#
# class Company < ActiveRecord::Base
# validates_presence_of :name, :address, :email
# validates_length_of :name, :in => 5..30
# end
#
# company = Company.create(:address => '123 First St.')
# company.errors.to_xml # =>
# <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
# <errors>
# <error>Name is too short (minimum is 5 characters)</error>
# <error>Name can't be blank</error>
# <error>Address can't be blank</error>
# </errors>
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def to_xml ( options = { } )
options [ :root ] || = " errors "
options [ :indent ] || = 2
options [ :builder ] || = Builder :: XmlMarkup . new ( :indent = > options [ :indent ] )
options [ :builder ] . instruct! unless options . delete ( :skip_instruct )
options [ :builder ] . errors do | e |
full_messages . each { | msg | e . error ( msg ) }
end
end
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end
# Active Records implement validation by overwriting Base#validate (or the variations, +validate_on_create+ and
# +validate_on_update+). Each of these methods can inspect the state of the object, which usually means ensuring
# that a number of attributes have a certain value (such as not empty, within a given range, matching a certain regular expression).
#
# Example:
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# protected
# def validate
# errors.add_on_empty %w( first_name last_name )
# errors.add("phone_number", "has invalid format") unless phone_number =~ /[0-9]*/
# end
#
# def validate_on_create # is only run the first time a new object is saved
# unless valid_discount?(membership_discount)
# errors.add("membership_discount", "has expired")
# end
# end
#
# def validate_on_update
# errors.add_to_base("No changes have occurred") if unchanged_attributes?
# end
# end
#
# person = Person.new("first_name" => "David", "phone_number" => "what?")
# person.save # => false (and doesn't do the save)
# person.errors.empty? # => false
# person.errors.count # => 2
# person.errors.on "last_name" # => "can't be empty"
# person.errors.on "phone_number" # => "has invalid format"
# person.errors.each_full { |msg| puts msg }
# # => "Last name can't be empty\n" +
# "Phone number has invalid format"
#
# person.attributes = { "last_name" => "Heinemeier", "phone_number" => "555-555" }
# person.save # => true (and person is now saved in the database)
#
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# An Errors object is automatically created for every Active Record.
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#
# Please do have a look at ActiveRecord::Validations::ClassMethods for a higher level of validations.
module Validations
VALIDATIONS = %w( validate validate_on_create validate_on_update )
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def self . included ( base ) # :nodoc:
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base . extend ClassMethods
base . class_eval do
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alias_method_chain :save , :validation
alias_method_chain :save! , :validation
alias_method_chain :update_attribute , :validation_skipping
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end
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base . send :include , ActiveSupport :: Callbacks
base . define_callbacks * VALIDATIONS
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end
# All of the following validations are defined in the class scope of the model that you're interested in validating.
# They offer a more declarative way of specifying when the model is valid and when it is not. It is recommended to use
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# these over the low-level calls to +validate+ and +validate_on_create+ when possible.
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module ClassMethods
DEFAULT_VALIDATION_OPTIONS = {
:on = > :save ,
:allow_nil = > false ,
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:allow_blank = > false ,
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:message = > nil
} . freeze
ALL_RANGE_OPTIONS = [ :is , :within , :in , :minimum , :maximum ] . freeze
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ALL_NUMERICALITY_CHECKS = { :greater_than = > '>' , :greater_than_or_equal_to = > '>=' ,
:equal_to = > '==' , :less_than = > '<' , :less_than_or_equal_to = > '<=' ,
:odd = > 'odd?' , :even = > 'even?' } . freeze
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# Adds a validation method or block to the class. This is useful when
# overriding the #validate instance method becomes too unwieldly and
# you're looking for more descriptive declaration of your validations.
#
# This can be done with a symbol pointing to a method:
#
# class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
# validate :must_be_friends
#
# def must_be_friends
# errors.add_to_base("Must be friends to leave a comment") unless commenter.friend_of?(commentee)
# end
# end
#
# Or with a block which is passed the current record to be validated:
#
# class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
# validate do |comment|
# comment.must_be_friends
# end
#
# def must_be_friends
# errors.add_to_base("Must be friends to leave a comment") unless commenter.friend_of?(commentee)
# end
# end
#
# This usage applies to #validate_on_create and #validate_on_update as well.
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# Validates each attribute against a block.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# validates_each :first_name, :last_name do |record, attr, value|
# record.errors.add attr, 'starts with z.' if value[0] == ?z
# end
# end
#
# Options:
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# * <tt>:on</tt> - Specifies when this validation is active (default is <tt>:save</tt>, other options <tt>:create</tt>, <tt>:update</tt>).
# * <tt>:allow_nil</tt> - Skip validation if attribute is +nil+.
# * <tt>:allow_blank</tt> - Skip validation if attribute is blank.
# * <tt>:if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
# occur (e.g. <tt>:if => :allow_validation</tt>, or <tt>:if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }</tt>). The
# method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
# * <tt>:unless</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
# not occur (e.g. <tt>:unless => :skip_validation</tt>, or <tt>:unless => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step <= 2 }</tt>). The
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# method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
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def validates_each ( * attrs )
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options = attrs . extract_options! . symbolize_keys
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attrs = attrs . flatten
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# Declare the validation.
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send ( validation_method ( options [ :on ] || :save ) , options ) do | record |
attrs . each do | attr |
value = record . send ( attr )
next if ( value . nil? && options [ :allow_nil ] ) || ( value . blank? && options [ :allow_blank ] )
yield record , attr , value
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end
end
end
# Encapsulates the pattern of wanting to validate a password or email address field with a confirmation. Example:
#
# Model:
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# validates_confirmation_of :user_name, :password
# validates_confirmation_of :email_address, :message => "should match confirmation"
# end
#
# View:
# <%= password_field "person", "password" %>
# <%= password_field "person", "password_confirmation" %>
#
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# The added +password_confirmation+ attribute is virtual; it exists only as an in-memory attribute for validating the password.
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# To achieve this, the validation adds accessors to the model for the confirmation attribute. NOTE: This check is performed
# only if +password_confirmation+ is not +nil+, and by default only on save. To require confirmation, make sure to add a presence
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# check for the confirmation attribute:
#
# validates_presence_of :password_confirmation, :if => :password_changed?
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#
# Configuration options:
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# * <tt>:message</tt> - A custom error message (default is: "doesn't match confirmation").
# * <tt>:on</tt> - Specifies when this validation is active (default is <tt>:save</tt>, other options <tt>:create</tt>, <tt>:update</tt>).
# * <tt>:if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
# occur (e.g. <tt>:if => :allow_validation</tt>, or <tt>:if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }</tt>). The
# method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
# * <tt>:unless</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
# not occur (e.g. <tt>:unless => :skip_validation</tt>, or <tt>:unless => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step <= 2 }</tt>). The
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# method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
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def validates_confirmation_of ( * attr_names )
configuration = { :message = > ActiveRecord :: Errors . default_error_messages [ :confirmation ] , :on = > :save }
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configuration . update ( attr_names . extract_options! )
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attr_accessor ( * ( attr_names . map { | n | " #{ n } _confirmation " } ) )
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validates_each ( attr_names , configuration ) do | record , attr_name , value |
record . errors . add ( attr_name , configuration [ :message ] ) unless record . send ( " #{ attr_name } _confirmation " ) . nil? or value == record . send ( " #{ attr_name } _confirmation " )
end
end
# Encapsulates the pattern of wanting to validate the acceptance of a terms of service check box (or similar agreement). Example:
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# validates_acceptance_of :terms_of_service
# validates_acceptance_of :eula, :message => "must be abided"
# end
#
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# If the database column does not exist, the +terms_of_service+ attribute is entirely virtual. This check is
# performed only if +terms_of_service+ is not +nil+ and by default on save.
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#
# Configuration options:
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# * <tt>:message</tt> - A custom error message (default is: "must be accepted").
# * <tt>:on</tt> - Specifies when this validation is active (default is <tt>:save</tt>, other options <tt>:create</tt>, <tt>:update</tt>).
# * <tt>:allow_nil</tt> - Skip validation if attribute is +nil+ (default is true).
# * <tt>:accept</tt> - Specifies value that is considered accepted. The default value is a string "1", which
# makes it easy to relate to an HTML checkbox. This should be set to +true+ if you are validating a database
# column, since the attribute is typecast from "1" to +true+ before validation.
# * <tt>:if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
# occur (e.g. <tt>:if => :allow_validation</tt>, or <tt>:if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }</tt>). The
# method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
# * <tt>:unless</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
# not occur (e.g. <tt>:unless => :skip_validation</tt>, or <tt>:unless => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step <= 2 }</tt>). The
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# method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
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def validates_acceptance_of ( * attr_names )
configuration = { :message = > ActiveRecord :: Errors . default_error_messages [ :accepted ] , :on = > :save , :allow_nil = > true , :accept = > " 1 " }
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configuration . update ( attr_names . extract_options! )
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db_cols = begin
column_names
rescue ActiveRecord :: StatementInvalid
[ ]
end
names = attr_names . reject { | name | db_cols . include? ( name . to_s ) }
attr_accessor ( * names )
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validates_each ( attr_names , configuration ) do | record , attr_name , value |
record . errors . add ( attr_name , configuration [ :message ] ) unless value == configuration [ :accept ]
end
end
# Validates that the specified attributes are not blank (as defined by Object#blank?). Happens by default on save. Example:
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# validates_presence_of :first_name
# end
#
# The first_name attribute must be in the object and it cannot be blank.
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#
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# If you want to validate the presence of a boolean field (where the real values are true and false),
# you will want to use validates_inclusion_of :field_name, :in => [true, false]
# This is due to the way Object#blank? handles boolean values. false.blank? # => true
#
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# Configuration options:
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# * <tt>message</tt> - A custom error message (default is: "can't be blank").
# * <tt>on</tt> - Specifies when this validation is active (default is <tt>:save</tt>, other options <tt>:create</tt>, <tt>:update</tt>).
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# * <tt>if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
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# occur (e.g. :if => :allow_validation, or :if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }). The
# method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
# * <tt>unless</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
# not occur (e.g. :unless => :skip_validation, or :unless => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step <= 2 }). The
# method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
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#
def validates_presence_of ( * attr_names )
configuration = { :message = > ActiveRecord :: Errors . default_error_messages [ :blank ] , :on = > :save }
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configuration . update ( attr_names . extract_options! )
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# can't use validates_each here, because it cannot cope with nonexistent attributes,
# while errors.add_on_empty can
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send ( validation_method ( configuration [ :on ] ) , configuration ) do | record |
record . errors . add_on_blank ( attr_names , configuration [ :message ] )
end
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end
# Validates that the specified attribute matches the length restrictions supplied. Only one option can be used at a time:
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# validates_length_of :first_name, :maximum=>30
# validates_length_of :last_name, :maximum=>30, :message=>"less than %d if you don't mind"
# validates_length_of :fax, :in => 7..32, :allow_nil => true
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# validates_length_of :phone, :in => 7..32, :allow_blank => true
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# validates_length_of :user_name, :within => 6..20, :too_long => "pick a shorter name", :too_short => "pick a longer name"
# validates_length_of :fav_bra_size, :minimum=>1, :too_short=>"please enter at least %d character"
# validates_length_of :smurf_leader, :is=>4, :message=>"papa is spelled with %d characters... don't play me."
# end
#
# Configuration options:
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# * <tt>:minimum</tt> - The minimum size of the attribute.
# * <tt>:maximum</tt> - The maximum size of the attribute.
# * <tt>:is</tt> - The exact size of the attribute.
# * <tt>:within</tt> - A range specifying the minimum and maximum size of the attribute.
# * <tt>:in</tt> - A synonym(or alias) for <tt>:within</tt>.
# * <tt>:allow_nil</tt> - Attribute may be +nil+; skip validation.
# * <tt>:allow_blank</tt> - Attribute may be blank; skip validation.
#
# * <tt>:too_long</tt> - The error message if the attribute goes over the maximum (default is: "is too long (maximum is %d characters)").
# * <tt>:too_short</tt> - The error message if the attribute goes under the minimum (default is: "is too short (min is %d characters)").
# * <tt>:wrong_length</tt> - The error message if using the <tt>:is</tt> method and the attribute is the wrong size (default is: "is the wrong length (should be %d characters)").
# * <tt>:message</tt> - The error message to use for a <tt>:minimum</tt>, <tt>:maximum</tt>, or <tt>:is</tt> violation. An alias of the appropriate <tt>too_long</tt>/<tt>too_short</tt>/<tt>wrong_length</tt> message.
# * <tt>:on</tt> - Specifies when this validation is active (default is <tt>:save</tt>, other options <tt>:create</tt>, <tt>:update</tt>).
# * <tt>:if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
# occur (e.g. <tt>:if => :allow_validation</tt>, or <tt>:if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }</tt>). The
# method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
# * <tt>:unless</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
# not occur (e.g. <tt>:unless => :skip_validation</tt>, or <tt>:unless => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step <= 2 }</tt>). The
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# method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
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def validates_length_of ( * attrs )
# Merge given options with defaults.
options = {
:too_long = > ActiveRecord :: Errors . default_error_messages [ :too_long ] ,
:too_short = > ActiveRecord :: Errors . default_error_messages [ :too_short ] ,
:wrong_length = > ActiveRecord :: Errors . default_error_messages [ :wrong_length ]
} . merge ( DEFAULT_VALIDATION_OPTIONS )
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options . update ( attrs . extract_options! . symbolize_keys )
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# Ensure that one and only one range option is specified.
range_options = ALL_RANGE_OPTIONS & options . keys
case range_options . size
when 0
raise ArgumentError , 'Range unspecified. Specify the :within, :maximum, :minimum, or :is option.'
when 1
# Valid number of options; do nothing.
else
raise ArgumentError , 'Too many range options specified. Choose only one.'
end
# Get range option and value.
option = range_options . first
option_value = options [ range_options . first ]
case option
when :within , :in
raise ArgumentError , " : #{ option } must be a Range " unless option_value . is_a? ( Range )
too_short = options [ :too_short ] % option_value . begin
too_long = options [ :too_long ] % option_value . end
validates_each ( attrs , options ) do | record , attr , value |
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value = value . split ( / / ) if value . kind_of? ( String )
if value . nil? or value . size < option_value . begin
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record . errors . add ( attr , too_short )
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elsif value . size > option_value . end
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record . errors . add ( attr , too_long )
end
end
when :is , :minimum , :maximum
raise ArgumentError , " : #{ option } must be a nonnegative Integer " unless option_value . is_a? ( Integer ) and option_value > = 0
# Declare different validations per option.
validity_checks = { :is = > " == " , :minimum = > " >= " , :maximum = > " <= " }
message_options = { :is = > :wrong_length , :minimum = > :too_short , :maximum = > :too_long }
message = ( options [ :message ] || options [ message_options [ option ] ] ) % option_value
validates_each ( attrs , options ) do | record , attr , value |
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value = value . split ( / / ) if value . kind_of? ( String )
record . errors . add ( attr , message ) unless ! value . nil? and value . size . method ( validity_checks [ option ] ) [ option_value ]
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end
end
end
alias_method :validates_size_of , :validates_length_of
# Validates whether the value of the specified attributes are unique across the system. Useful for making sure that only one user
# can be named "davidhh".
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# validates_uniqueness_of :user_name, :scope => :account_id
# end
#
# It can also validate whether the value of the specified attributes are unique based on multiple scope parameters. For example,
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# making sure that a teacher can only be on the schedule once per semester for a particular class.
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#
# class TeacherSchedule < ActiveRecord::Base
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# validates_uniqueness_of :teacher_id, :scope => [:semester_id, :class_id]
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# end
#
# When the record is created, a check is performed to make sure that no record exists in the database with the given value for the specified
# attribute (that maps to a column). When the record is updated, the same check is made but disregarding the record itself.
#
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# Because this check is performed outside the database there is still a chance that duplicate values
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# will be inserted in two parallel transactions. To guarantee against this you should create a
# unique index on the field. See +add_index+ for more information.
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#
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# Configuration options:
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# * <tt>:message</tt> - Specifies a custom error message (default is: "has already been taken").
# * <tt>:scope</tt> - One or more columns by which to limit the scope of the uniqueness constraint.
# * <tt>:case_sensitive</tt> - Looks for an exact match. Ignored by non-text columns (+false+ by default).
# * <tt>:allow_nil</tt> - If set to true, skips this validation if the attribute is +nil+ (default is +false+).
# * <tt>:allow_blank</tt> - If set to true, skips this validation if the attribute is blank (default is +false+).
# * <tt>:if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
# occur (e.g. <tt>:if => :allow_validation</tt>, or <tt>:if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }</tt>). The
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# method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
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# * <tt>:unless</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
# not occur (e.g. <tt>:unless => :skip_validation</tt>, or <tt>:unless => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step <= 2 }</tt>). The
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# method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
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def validates_uniqueness_of ( * attr_names )
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configuration = { :message = > ActiveRecord :: Errors . default_error_messages [ :taken ] , :case_sensitive = > true }
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configuration . update ( attr_names . extract_options! )
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validates_each ( attr_names , configuration ) do | record , attr_name , value |
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# The check for an existing value should be run from a class that
# isn't abstract. This means working down from the current class
# (self), to the first non-abstract class. Since classes don't know
# their subclasses, we have to build the hierarchy between self and
# the record's class.
class_hierarchy = [ record . class ]
while class_hierarchy . first != self
class_hierarchy . insert ( 0 , class_hierarchy . first . superclass )
end
# Now we can work our way down the tree to the first non-abstract
# class (which has a database table to query from).
finder_class = class_hierarchy . detect { | klass | ! klass . abstract_class? }
if value . nil? || ( configuration [ :case_sensitive ] || ! finder_class . columns_hash [ attr_name . to_s ] . text? )
condition_sql = " #{ record . class . quoted_table_name } . #{ attr_name } #{ attribute_condition ( value ) } "
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condition_params = [ value ]
else
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# sqlite has case sensitive SELECT query, while MySQL/Postgresql don't.
# Hence, this is needed only for sqlite.
condition_sql = " LOWER( #{ record . class . quoted_table_name } . #{ attr_name } ) #{ attribute_condition ( value ) } "
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condition_params = [ value . downcase ]
end
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if scope = configuration [ :scope ]
Array ( scope ) . map do | scope_item |
scope_value = record . send ( scope_item )
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condition_sql << " AND #{ record . class . quoted_table_name } . #{ scope_item } #{ attribute_condition ( scope_value ) } "
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condition_params << scope_value
end
end
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unless record . new_record?
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condition_sql << " AND #{ record . class . quoted_table_name } . #{ record . class . primary_key } <> ? "
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condition_params << record . send ( :id )
end
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results = finder_class . with_exclusive_scope do
connection . select_all (
construct_finder_sql (
:select = > " #{ connection . quote_column_name ( attr_name ) } " ,
:from = > " #{ finder_class . quoted_table_name } " ,
:conditions = > [ condition_sql , * condition_params ]
)
)
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end
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unless results . length . zero?
found = true
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# As MySQL/Postgres don't have case sensitive SELECT queries, we try to find duplicate
# column in ruby when case sensitive option
if configuration [ :case_sensitive ] && finder_class . columns_hash [ attr_name . to_s ] . text?
found = results . any? { | a | a [ attr_name . to_s ] == value }
end
record . errors . add ( attr_name , configuration [ :message ] ) if found
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end
end
end
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# Validates whether the value of the specified attribute is of the correct form by matching it against the regular expression
# provided.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
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# validates_format_of :email, :with => /\A([^@\s]+)@((?:[-a-z0-9]+\.)+[a-z]{2,})\Z/i, :on => :create
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# end
#
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# Note: use <tt>\A</tt> and <tt>\Z</tt> to match the start and end of the string, <tt>^</tt> and <tt>$</tt> match the start/end of a line.
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#
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# A regular expression must be provided or else an exception will be raised.
#
# Configuration options:
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# * <tt>:message</tt> - A custom error message (default is: "is invalid").
# * <tt>:allow_nil</tt> - If set to true, skips this validation if the attribute is +nil+ (default is +false+).
# * <tt>:allow_blank</tt> - If set to true, skips this validation if the attribute is blank (default is +false+).
# * <tt>:with</tt> - The regular expression used to validate the format with (note: must be supplied!).
# * <tt>:on</tt> - Specifies when this validation is active (default is <tt>:save</tt>, other options <tt>:create</tt>, <tt>:update</tt>).
# * <tt>:if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
# occur (e.g. <tt>:if => :allow_validation</tt>, or <tt>:if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }</tt>). The
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# method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
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# * <tt>:unless</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
# not occur (e.g. <tt>:unless => :skip_validation</tt>, or <tt>:unless => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step <= 2 }</tt>). The
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# method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
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def validates_format_of ( * attr_names )
configuration = { :message = > ActiveRecord :: Errors . default_error_messages [ :invalid ] , :on = > :save , :with = > nil }
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configuration . update ( attr_names . extract_options! )
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raise ( ArgumentError , " A regular expression must be supplied as the :with option of the configuration hash " ) unless configuration [ :with ] . is_a? ( Regexp )
validates_each ( attr_names , configuration ) do | record , attr_name , value |
record . errors . add ( attr_name , configuration [ :message ] ) unless value . to_s =~ configuration [ :with ]
end
end
# Validates whether the value of the specified attribute is available in a particular enumerable object.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
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# validates_inclusion_of :gender, :in => %w( m f ), :message => "woah! what are you then!??!!"
# validates_inclusion_of :age, :in => 0..99
# validates_inclusion_of :format, :in => %w( jpg gif png ), :message => "extension %s is not included in the list"
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# end
#
# Configuration options:
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# * <tt>:in</tt> - An enumerable object of available items.
# * <tt>:message</tt> - Specifies a custom error message (default is: "is not included in the list").
# * <tt>:allow_nil</tt> - If set to true, skips this validation if the attribute is +nil+ (default is +false+).
# * <tt>:allow_blank</tt> - If set to true, skips this validation if the attribute is blank (default is +false+).
# * <tt>:if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
# occur (e.g. <tt>:if => :allow_validation</tt>, or <tt>:if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }</tt>). The
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# method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
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# * <tt>:unless</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
# not occur (e.g. <tt>:unless => :skip_validation</tt>, or <tt>:unless => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step <= 2 }</tt>). The
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# method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
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def validates_inclusion_of ( * attr_names )
configuration = { :message = > ActiveRecord :: Errors . default_error_messages [ :inclusion ] , :on = > :save }
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configuration . update ( attr_names . extract_options! )
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enum = configuration [ :in ] || configuration [ :within ]
raise ( ArgumentError , " An object with the method include? is required must be supplied as the :in option of the configuration hash " ) unless enum . respond_to? ( " include? " )
validates_each ( attr_names , configuration ) do | record , attr_name , value |
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record . errors . add ( attr_name , configuration [ :message ] % value ) unless enum . include? ( value )
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end
end
# Validates that the value of the specified attribute is not in a particular enumerable object.
#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# validates_exclusion_of :username, :in => %w( admin superuser ), :message => "You don't belong here"
# validates_exclusion_of :age, :in => 30..60, :message => "This site is only for under 30 and over 60"
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# validates_exclusion_of :format, :in => %w( mov avi ), :message => "extension %s is not allowed"
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# end
#
# Configuration options:
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# * <tt>:in</tt> - An enumerable object of items that the value shouldn't be part of.
# * <tt>:message</tt> - Specifies a custom error message (default is: "is reserved").
# * <tt>:allow_nil</tt> - If set to true, skips this validation if the attribute is +nil+ (default is +false+).
# * <tt>:allow_blank</tt> - If set to true, skips this validation if the attribute is blank (default is +false+).
# * <tt>:if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
# occur (e.g. <tt>:if => :allow_validation</tt>, or <tt>:if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }</tt>). The
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# method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
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# * <tt>:unless</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
# not occur (e.g. <tt>:unless => :skip_validation</tt>, or <tt>:unless => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step <= 2 }</tt>). The
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# method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
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def validates_exclusion_of ( * attr_names )
configuration = { :message = > ActiveRecord :: Errors . default_error_messages [ :exclusion ] , :on = > :save }
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configuration . update ( attr_names . extract_options! )
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enum = configuration [ :in ] || configuration [ :within ]
raise ( ArgumentError , " An object with the method include? is required must be supplied as the :in option of the configuration hash " ) unless enum . respond_to? ( " include? " )
validates_each ( attr_names , configuration ) do | record , attr_name , value |
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record . errors . add ( attr_name , configuration [ :message ] % value ) if enum . include? ( value )
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end
end
# Validates whether the associated object or objects are all valid themselves. Works with any kind of association.
#
# class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
# has_many :pages
# belongs_to :library
#
# validates_associated :pages, :library
# end
#
# Warning: If, after the above definition, you then wrote:
#
# class Page < ActiveRecord::Base
# belongs_to :book
#
# validates_associated :book
# end
#
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# this would specify a circular dependency and cause infinite recursion.
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#
# NOTE: This validation will not fail if the association hasn't been assigned. If you want to ensure that the association
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# is both present and guaranteed to be valid, you also need to use +validates_presence_of+.
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#
# Configuration options:
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# * <tt>:message</tt> - A custom error message (default is: "is invalid")
# * <tt>:on</tt> - Specifies when this validation is active (default is <tt>:save</tt>, other options <tt>:create</tt>, <tt>:update</tt>).
# * <tt>:if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
# occur (e.g. <tt>:if => :allow_validation</tt>, or <tt>:if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }</tt>). The
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# method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
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# * <tt>:unless</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
# not occur (e.g. <tt>:unless => :skip_validation</tt>, or <tt>:unless => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step <= 2 }</tt>). The
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# method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
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def validates_associated ( * attr_names )
configuration = { :message = > ActiveRecord :: Errors . default_error_messages [ :invalid ] , :on = > :save }
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configuration . update ( attr_names . extract_options! )
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validates_each ( attr_names , configuration ) do | record , attr_name , value |
record . errors . add ( attr_name , configuration [ :message ] ) unless
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( value . is_a? ( Array ) ? value : [ value ] ) . inject ( true ) { | v , r | ( r . nil? || r . valid? ) && v }
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end
end
# Validates whether the value of the specified attribute is numeric by trying to convert it to
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# a float with Kernel.Float (if <tt>only_integer</tt> is false) or applying it to the regular expression
# <tt>/\A[\+\-]?\d+\Z/</tt> (if <tt>only_integer</tt> is set to true).
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#
# class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
# validates_numericality_of :value, :on => :create
# end
#
# Configuration options:
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# * <tt>:message</tt> - A custom error message (default is: "is not a number").
# * <tt>:on</tt> - Specifies when this validation is active (default is <tt>:save</tt>, other options <tt>:create</tt>, <tt>:update</tt>).
# * <tt>:only_integer</tt> - Specifies whether the value has to be an integer, e.g. an integral value (default is +false+).
# * <tt>:allow_nil</tt> - Skip validation if attribute is +nil+ (default is +false+). Notice that for fixnum and float columns empty strings are converted to +nil+.
# * <tt>:greater_than</tt> - Specifies the value must be greater than the supplied value.
# * <tt>:greater_than_or_equal_to</tt> - Specifies the value must be greater than or equal the supplied value.
# * <tt>:equal_to</tt> - Specifies the value must be equal to the supplied value.
# * <tt>:less_than</tt> - Specifies the value must be less than the supplied value.
# * <tt>:less_than_or_equal_to</tt> - Specifies the value must be less than or equal the supplied value.
# * <tt>:odd</tt> - Specifies the value must be an odd number.
# * <tt>:even</tt> - Specifies the value must be an even number.
# * <tt>:if</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
# occur (e.g. <tt>:if => :allow_validation</tt>, or <tt>:if => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step > 2 }</tt>). The
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# method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
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# * <tt>:unless</tt> - Specifies a method, proc or string to call to determine if the validation should
# not occur (e.g. <tt>:unless => :skip_validation</tt>, or <tt>:unless => Proc.new { |user| user.signup_step <= 2 }</tt>). The
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# method, proc or string should return or evaluate to a true or false value.
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def validates_numericality_of ( * attr_names )
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configuration = { :on = > :save , :only_integer = > false , :allow_nil = > false }
configuration . update ( attr_names . extract_options! )
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numericality_options = ALL_NUMERICALITY_CHECKS . keys & configuration . keys
( numericality_options - [ :odd , :even ] ) . each do | option |
raise ArgumentError , " : #{ option } must be a number " unless configuration [ option ] . is_a? ( Numeric )
end
validates_each ( attr_names , configuration ) do | record , attr_name , value |
raw_value = record . send ( " #{ attr_name } _before_type_cast " ) || value
next if configuration [ :allow_nil ] and raw_value . nil?
if configuration [ :only_integer ]
unless raw_value . to_s =~ / \ A[+-]? \ d+ \ Z /
record . errors . add ( attr_name , configuration [ :message ] || ActiveRecord :: Errors . default_error_messages [ :not_a_number ] )
next
end
raw_value = raw_value . to_i
else
begin
raw_value = Kernel . Float ( raw_value . to_s )
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rescue ArgumentError , TypeError
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record . errors . add ( attr_name , configuration [ :message ] || ActiveRecord :: Errors . default_error_messages [ :not_a_number ] )
next
end
end
numericality_options . each do | option |
case option
when :odd , :even
record . errors . add ( attr_name , configuration [ :message ] || ActiveRecord :: Errors . default_error_messages [ option ] ) unless raw_value . to_i . method ( ALL_NUMERICALITY_CHECKS [ option ] ) [ ]
else
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message = configuration [ :message ] || ActiveRecord :: Errors . default_error_messages [ option ]
message = message % configuration [ option ] if configuration [ option ]
record . errors . add ( attr_name , message ) unless raw_value . method ( ALL_NUMERICALITY_CHECKS [ option ] ) [ configuration [ option ] ]
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end
end
end
end
# Creates an object just like Base.create but calls save! instead of save
# so an exception is raised if the record is invalid.
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def create! ( attributes = nil , & block )
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if attributes . is_a? ( Array )
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attributes . collect { | attr | create! ( attr , & block ) }
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else
object = new ( attributes )
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yield ( object ) if block_given?
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object . save!
object
end
end
private
def validation_method ( on )
case on
when :save then :validate
when :create then :validate_on_create
when :update then :validate_on_update
end
end
end
# The validation process on save can be skipped by passing false. The regular Base#save method is
# replaced with this when the validations module is mixed in, which it is by default.
def save_with_validation ( perform_validation = true )
if perform_validation && valid? || ! perform_validation
save_without_validation
else
false
end
end
# Attempts to save the record just like Base#save but will raise a RecordInvalid exception instead of returning false
# if the record is not valid.
def save_with_validation!
if valid?
save_without_validation!
else
raise RecordInvalid . new ( self )
end
end
# Updates a single attribute and saves the record without going through the normal validation procedure.
# This is especially useful for boolean flags on existing records. The regular +update_attribute+ method
# in Base is replaced with this when the validations module is mixed in, which it is by default.
def update_attribute_with_validation_skipping ( name , value )
send ( name . to_s + '=' , value )
save ( false )
end
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# Runs +validate+ and +validate_on_create+ or +validate_on_update+ and returns true if no errors were added otherwise false.
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def valid?
errors . clear
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run_callbacks ( :validate )
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validate
if new_record?
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run_callbacks ( :validate_on_create )
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validate_on_create
else
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run_callbacks ( :validate_on_update )
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validate_on_update
end
errors . empty?
end
# Returns the Errors object that holds all information about attribute error messages.
def errors
@errors || = Errors . new ( self )
end
protected
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# Overwrite this method for validation checks on all saves and use <tt>Errors.add(field, msg)</tt> for invalid attributes.
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def validate #:doc:
end
# Overwrite this method for validation checks used only on creation.
def validate_on_create #:doc:
end
# Overwrite this method for validation checks used only on updates.
def validate_on_update # :doc:
end
end
end