720 lines
16 KiB
HTML
720 lines
16 KiB
HTML
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
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<title>File: README</title>
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document.writeln( "<style type=\"text/css\">div.method-source-code { display: none }</style>" )
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// ]]>
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</script>
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<body>
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<div id="fileHeader">
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<h1>README</h1>
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<table class="header-table">
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<tr class="top-aligned-row">
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<td><strong>Path:</strong></td>
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<td>README
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr class="top-aligned-row">
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<td><strong>Last Update:</strong></td>
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<td>Fri Jan 09 17:31:18 +0100 2009</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<!-- banner header -->
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<div id="bodyContent">
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<div id="contextContent">
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<div id="description">
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<h1><a href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a>, a modular Ruby webserver interface</h1>
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<p>
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<a href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a> provides a minimal, modular and
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adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping
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HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and
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distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between
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(the so-called middleware) into a single method call.
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</p>
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<p>
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The exact details of this are described in the <a
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href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a> specification, which all <a
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href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a> applications should conform to.
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</p>
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<h2>Supported web servers</h2>
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<p>
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The included <b>handlers</b> connect all kinds of web servers to <a
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href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a>:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Mongrel
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</li>
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<li>EventedMongrel
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</li>
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<li>SwiftipliedMongrel
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</li>
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<li>WEBrick
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</li>
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<li>FCGI
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</li>
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<li>CGI
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</li>
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<li>SCGI
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</li>
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<li>LiteSpeed
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</li>
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<li>Thin
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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These web servers include <a href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a> handlers
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in their distributions:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Ebb
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</li>
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<li>Fuzed
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</li>
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<li>Phusion Passenger (which is mod_rack for Apache)
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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Any valid <a href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a> app will run the same on
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all these handlers, without changing anything.
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</p>
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<h2>Supported web frameworks</h2>
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<p>
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The included <b>adapters</b> connect <a
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href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a> with existing Ruby web frameworks:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Camping
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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These frameworks include <a href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a> adapters
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in their distributions:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li>Coset
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</li>
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<li>Halcyon
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</li>
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<li>Mack
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</li>
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<li>Maveric
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</li>
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<li>Merb
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</li>
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<li>Racktools::SimpleApplication
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</li>
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<li>Ramaze
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</li>
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<li>Ruby on Rails
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</li>
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<li>Sinatra
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</li>
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<li>Sin
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</li>
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<li>Vintage
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</li>
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<li>Waves
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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Current links to these projects can be found at <a
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href="http://ramaze.net/#other-frameworks">ramaze.net/#other-frameworks</a>
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</p>
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<h2>Available middleware</h2>
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<p>
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Between the server and the framework, <a
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href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a> can be customized to your applications
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needs using middleware, for example:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="../classes/Rack/URLMap.html">Rack::URLMap</a>, to route to
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multiple applications inside the same process.
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</li>
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<li><a href="../classes/Rack/CommonLogger.html">Rack::CommonLogger</a>, for
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creating Apache-style logfiles.
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</li>
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<li>Rack::ShowException, for catching unhandled exceptions and presenting them
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in a nice and helpful way with clickable backtrace.
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</li>
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<li><a href="../classes/Rack/File.html">Rack::File</a>, for serving static
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files.
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</li>
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<li>…many others!
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>
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All these components use the same interface, which is described in detail
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in the <a href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a> specification. These
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optional components can be used in any way you wish.
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</p>
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<h2>Convenience</h2>
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<p>
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If you want to develop outside of existing frameworks, implement your own
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ones, or develop middleware, <a href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a>
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provides many helpers to create <a href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a>
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applications quickly and without doing the same web stuff all over:
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="../classes/Rack/Request.html">Rack::Request</a>, which also
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provides query string parsing and multipart handling.
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</li>
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<li><a href="../classes/Rack/Response.html">Rack::Response</a>, for convenient
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generation of HTTP replies and cookie handling.
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</li>
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<li><a href="../classes/Rack/MockRequest.html">Rack::MockRequest</a> and <a
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href="../classes/Rack/MockResponse.html">Rack::MockResponse</a> for
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efficient and quick testing of <a href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a>
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application without real HTTP round-trips.
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h2>rack-contrib</h2>
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<p>
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The plethora of useful middleware created the need for a project that
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collects fresh <a href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a> middleware.
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rack-contrib includes a variety of add-on components for <a
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href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a> and it is easy to contribute new
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modules.
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</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a
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href="http://github.com/rack/rack-contrib">github.com/rack/rack-contrib</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h2>rackup</h2>
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<p>
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rackup is a useful tool for running <a href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a>
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applications, which uses the <a
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href="../classes/Rack/Builder.html">Rack::Builder</a> DSL to configure
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middleware and build up applications easily.
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</p>
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<p>
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rackup automatically figures out the environment it is run in, and runs
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your application as FastCGI, CGI, or standalone with Mongrel or
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WEBrick—all from the same configuration.
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</p>
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<h2>Quick start</h2>
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<p>
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Try the lobster!
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</p>
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<p>
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Either with the embedded WEBrick starter:
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</p>
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<pre>
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ruby -Ilib lib/rack/lobster.rb
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</pre>
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<p>
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Or with rackup:
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</p>
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<pre>
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bin/rackup -Ilib example/lobster.ru
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</pre>
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<p>
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By default, the lobster is found at <a
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href="http://localhost:9292">localhost:9292</a>.
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</p>
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<h2>Installing with RubyGems</h2>
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<p>
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A Gem of <a href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a> is available. You can
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install it with:
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</p>
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<pre>
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gem install rack
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</pre>
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<p>
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I also provide a local mirror of the gems (and development snapshots) at my
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site:
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</p>
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<pre>
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gem install rack --source http://chneukirchen.org/releases/gems/
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</pre>
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<h2>Running the tests</h2>
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<p>
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Testing <a href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a> requires the test/spec
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testing framework:
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</p>
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<pre>
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gem install test-spec
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</pre>
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<p>
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There are two rake-based test tasks:
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</p>
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<pre>
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rake test tests all the fast tests (no Handlers or Adapters)
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rake fulltest runs all the tests
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</pre>
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<p>
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The fast testsuite has no dependencies outside of the core Ruby
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installation and test-spec.
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</p>
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<p>
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To run the test suite completely, you need:
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</p>
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<pre>
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* camping
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* mongrel
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* fcgi
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* ruby-openid
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* memcache-client
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</pre>
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<p>
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The full set of tests test FCGI access with lighttpd (on port 9203) so you
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will need lighttpd installed as well as the FCGI libraries and the fcgi
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gem:
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</p>
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<p>
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Download and install lighttpd:
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</p>
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<pre>
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http://www.lighttpd.net/download
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</pre>
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<p>
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Installing the FCGI libraries:
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</p>
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<pre>
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curl -O http://www.fastcgi.com/dist/fcgi-2.4.0.tar.gz
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tar xzvf fcgi-2.4.0.tar.gz
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cd fcgi-2.4.0
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./configure --prefix=/usr/local
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make
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sudo make install
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cd ..
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</pre>
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<p>
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Installing the Ruby fcgi gem:
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</p>
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<pre>
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gem install fcgi
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</pre>
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<p>
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Furthermore, to test Memcache sessions, you need memcached (will be run on
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port 11211) and memcache-client installed.
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</p>
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<h2>History</h2>
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<ul>
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<li>March 3rd, 2007: First public release 0.1.
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</li>
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<li>May 16th, 2007: Second public release 0.2.
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<ul>
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<li>HTTP Basic authentication.
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</li>
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<li>Cookie Sessions.
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</li>
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<li>Static file handler.
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</li>
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<li>Improved <a href="../classes/Rack/Request.html">Rack::Request</a>.
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</li>
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<li>Improved <a href="../classes/Rack/Response.html">Rack::Response</a>.
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</li>
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<li>Added <a href="../classes/Rack/ShowStatus.html">Rack::ShowStatus</a>, for
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better default error messages.
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</li>
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<li>Bug fixes in the Camping adapter.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Removed Rails adapter, was too alpha.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>February 26th, 2008: Third public release 0.3.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>LiteSpeed handler, by Adrian Madrid.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>SCGI handler, by Jeremy Evans.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Pool sessions, by blink.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>OpenID authentication, by blink.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>:Port and :File options for opening FastCGI sockets, by blink.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Last-Modified HTTP header for <a
|
||
|
|
href="../classes/Rack/File.html">Rack::File</a>, by blink.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Rack::Builder#use now accepts blocks, by Corey Jewett. (See
|
||
|
|
example/protectedlobster.ru)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>HTTP status 201 can contain a Content-Type and a body now.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Many bugfixes, especially related to Cookie handling.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>August 21st, 2008: Fourth public release 0.4.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>New middleware, <a href="../classes/Rack/Deflater.html">Rack::Deflater</a>,
|
||
|
|
by Christoffer Sawicki.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>OpenID authentication now needs ruby-openid 2.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>New Memcache sessions, by blink.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Explicit EventedMongrel handler, by Joshua Peek <josh@joshpeek.com>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li><a href="../classes/Rack/Reloader.html">Rack::Reloader</a> is not loaded in
|
||
|
|
rackup development mode.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>rackup can daemonize with -D.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Many bugfixes, especially for pool sessions, URLMap, thread safety and
|
||
|
|
tempfile handling.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Improved tests.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li><a href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a> moved to Git.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>January 6th, 2009: Fifth public release 0.9.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li><a href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a> is now managed by the <a
|
||
|
|
href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a> Core Team.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li><a href="../classes/Rack/Lint.html">Rack::Lint</a> is stricter and follows
|
||
|
|
the HTTP RFCs more closely.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Added ConditionalGet middleware.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Added ContentLength middleware.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Added Deflater middleware.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Added Head middleware.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Added MethodOverride middleware.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li><a href="../classes/Rack/Mime.html">Rack::Mime</a> now provides popular
|
||
|
|
MIME-types and their extension.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Mongrel Header now streams.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Added Thin handler.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Official support for swiftiplied Mongrel.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Secure cookies.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Made HeaderHash case-preserving.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Many bugfixes and small improvements.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>January 9th, 2009: Sixth public release 0.9.1.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>Fix directory traversal exploits in <a
|
||
|
|
href="../classes/Rack/File.html">Rack::File</a> and <a
|
||
|
|
href="../classes/Rack/Directory.html">Rack::Directory</a>.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
<h2>Contact</h2>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
Please mail bugs, suggestions and patches to <<a
|
||
|
|
href="mailto:rack-devel@googlegroups.com">rack-devel@googlegroups.com</a>>.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
Mailing list archives are available at <<a
|
||
|
|
href="http://groups.google.com/group/rack-devel">groups.google.com/group/rack-devel</a>>.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
There is a bug tracker at <<a
|
||
|
|
href="http://rack.lighthouseapp.com">rack.lighthouseapp.com</a>/>.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
Git repository (patches rebased on master are most welcome):
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li><a href="http://github.com/rack/rack">github.com/rack/rack</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li><a
|
||
|
|
href="http://git.vuxu.org/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?p=rack.git">git.vuxu.org/cgi-bin/gitweb.cgi?p=rack.git</a>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
You are also welcome to join the rack channel on irc.freenode.net.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<h2>Thanks</h2>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
The <a href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a> Core Team, consisting of
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>Christian Neukirchen (chneukirchen)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>James Tucker (raggi)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Josh Peek (josh)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Michael Fellinger (manveru)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Ryan Tomayko (rtomayko)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Scytrin dai Kinthra (scytrin)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
would like to thank:
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li>Adrian Madrid, for the LiteSpeed handler.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Christoffer Sawicki, for the first Rails adapter and <a
|
||
|
|
href="../classes/Rack/Deflater.html">Rack::Deflater</a>.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Tim Fletcher, for the HTTP authentication code.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Luc Heinrich for the Cookie sessions, the static file handler and bugfixes.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Armin Ronacher, for the logo and racktools.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Aredridel, Ben Alpert, Dan Kubb, Daniel Roethlisberger, Matt Todd, Tom
|
||
|
|
Robinson, and Phil Hagelberg for bug fixing and other improvements.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Stephen Bannasch, for bug reports and documentation.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Gary Wright, for proposing a better <a
|
||
|
|
href="../classes/Rack/Response.html">Rack::Response</a> interface.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Jonathan Buch, for improvements regarding <a
|
||
|
|
href="../classes/Rack/Response.html">Rack::Response</a>.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Armin Röhrl, for tracking down bugs in the Cookie generator.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Alexander Kellett for testing the Gem and reviewing the announcement.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>Marcus Rückert, for help with configuring and debugging lighttpd.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>The WSGI team for the well-done and documented work they‘ve done and
|
||
|
|
<a href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a> builds up on.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
<li>All bug reporters and patch contributers not mentioned above.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
<h2>Copyright</h2>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
Copyright (C) 2007, 2008, 2009 Christian Neukirchen <<a
|
||
|
|
href="http://purl.org/net/chneukirchen">purl.org/net/chneukirchen</a>>
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
|
||
|
|
copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
|
||
|
|
"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
|
||
|
|
including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
|
||
|
|
publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
|
||
|
|
permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the
|
||
|
|
following conditions:
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
|
||
|
|
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>
|
||
|
|
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
|
||
|
|
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
|
||
|
|
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN
|
||
|
|
NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
|
||
|
|
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
|
||
|
|
FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
|
||
|
|
DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<h2>Links</h2>
|
||
|
|
<table>
|
||
|
|
<tr><td valign="top"><a href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a>:</td><td><<a href="http://rack.rubyforge.org">rack.rubyforge.org</a>/>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</td></tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr><td valign="top"><a href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a>‘s Rubyforge project:</td><td><<a
|
||
|
|
href="http://rubyforge.org/projects/rack">rubyforge.org/projects/rack</a>>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</td></tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr><td valign="top">Official <a href="../classes/Rack.html">Rack</a> repositories:</td><td><<a href="http://github.com/rack">github.com/rack</a>>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</td></tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr><td valign="top">rack-devel mailing list:</td><td><<a
|
||
|
|
href="http://groups.google.com/group/rack-devel">groups.google.com/group/rack-devel</a>>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</td></tr>
|
||
|
|
<tr><td valign="top">Christian Neukirchen:</td><td><<a href="http://chneukirchen.org">chneukirchen.org</a>/>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</td></tr>
|
||
|
|
</table>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- if includes -->
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<div id="section">
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<!-- if method_list -->
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<div id="validator-badges">
|
||
|
|
<p><small><a href="http://validator.w3.org/check/referer">[Validate]</a></small></p>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</body>
|
||
|
|
</html>
|