next round of doc changes
This commit is contained in:
Sitaram Chamarty
parent
9b66643f3a
commit
b8f19f340f
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@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ instructions.
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But if you want to do anything meaningful with gitolite you have to spend some
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time cuddling up to the docs. **The complete online documentation starts
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[here](http://sitaramc.github.com/gitolite)**.
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[here](http://sitaramc.github.com/gitolite)** -- this is the best starting
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point for general questions about git, such as what it is, why you would need
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it, features, contact/mailing list info, and so on.
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For convenience, here is a link to the [master table of
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contents](http://sitaramc.github.com/gitolite/master-toc.html), which is very
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@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ together. This is particularly useful for an admin to see where his
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site-local hooks fit, how they get called, and what stages of the process they
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affect.
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Legend: diamonds are decision boxes whose results can abort the operation.
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**Legend**: diamonds are decision boxes whose results can abort the operation.
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Arrows are calls/invocations. Dashed lines just point to sub-parts of the
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process on the left side. Blue processes are external to gitolite. Green is
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gitolite code. Yellow is site-local code that you (the admin of your site)
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@ -7,10 +7,48 @@ and users. There was also, in the author's mind, a desperate need to create
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something as different as possible from the brain-dead, nausea-inducing
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"Windows INI" style syntax that some other popular tools seem to favour.
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This document describes the syntax and semantics of the access control rules
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and other configuration directives in the `gitolite.conf` file.
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## #confrecap a quick summary of the conf file
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## #syntax syntax
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This is a quick *recap* of the *most common* elements in a typical config
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file. (In the following description, the angle brackets are not part of the
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syntax).
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* (optional) [group][groups] definitions
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@<groupname> = <list of users and groups>
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* repo access rules
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repo <reponame>
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# one or more access rules like
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<permission> <optional refex> = <list of users and groups>
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The [most common][bac] permissions are:
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* R, for read only
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* RW, for push existing ref or create new ref
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* RW+, for "push -f" or ref deletion allowed (i.e., destroy
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information)
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* `-` (the minus sign), to [deny][] access
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If no [refex][] is supplied, the access rule applies to all refs.
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Later, gitolite [acquired][rwcd]
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* RWC and RW+C, for ref creation. Once you use this in a repo, a normal
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RW/RW+ can no longer create a ref; it can only push existing refs
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(<font color="gray">Note also that a standalone "C" permission is
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something [completely different][wild]</font>)
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* RWD and RW+D, for ref deletion. Once you use this in a repo, a normal
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RW+ can no longer delete a ref; it can only rewind
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* (RWCD and RW+CD, which is just a combination of these two)
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The following sections dig deeper into the syntax and semantics of the access
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control rules and other configuration directives in the `gitolite.conf` file.
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If narrative descriptions scare you, or your English is not upto scratch, try
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[gitolite config by example][conf_examples] also.
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## F=syntax lexical syntax
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In general, everything is **space separated**; there are no commas,
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semicolons, etc., in the syntax.
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@ -39,18 +77,20 @@ include them in the main file for convenience.
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include "foo.conf"
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will include the contents of the file "foo.conf" from the same directory as
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the main config file. You can also use an absolute path if you like, although
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in the interests of cloning the admin-repo sanely you should avoid doing this!
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will include the contents of the file "foo.conf".
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You can also use a glob, as in:
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Details:
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include "*.conf"
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* You can also use a glob (`include "*.conf"`), or put your include files
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into subdirectories of "conf" (`include "foo/bar.conf"`), or both
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(`include "repos/*.conf"`).
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which will include all the ".conf" files from the directory in which the main
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config file exists.
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* Included files are always searched from the gitolite-admin repo's "conf/"
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directory, unless you supplied an absolute path. (Note: in the interests
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of cloning the admin-repo sanely you should avoid absolute paths!)
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Files that have been already processed once are skipped, with a warning.
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* If you ended up recursing, files that have been already processed once are
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skipped, with a warning.
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<font color="gray">Advanced users: `subconf`, a command that is very closely
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related to `include`, is documented [here][subconf].</font>
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@ -105,7 +145,7 @@ Gitolite goes down the list of rules matching the user, repo, and the ref.
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The first matching rule that has the permission you're looking for (`W` or
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`+`), results in success. A fallthrough results in failure.
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### branches, tags, and specifying "refex"es
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### #refex branches, tags, and specifying "refex"es
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One of the original goals of gitolite was to allow access control at the
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branch/tag (aka "ref") level. The git source code contains a sample update
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@ -162,7 +202,7 @@ looks like "refs/heads/foo", while a tag ref looks like "refs/tags/bar")
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"v1.0", "v2.0rc1", all match the criterion specified by `v[0-9]` because
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this is a prefix match only.
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### groups
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### #groups groups
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Gitolite allows you to define **groups** of repos. users, or even refexes. A
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group is semantically (but *not* syntactically) like a `#define` in C. Here
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@ -211,7 +251,8 @@ when used as a username; you've seen examples of it earlier.
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Advanced users: also see the entry for `GL_ALL_INCLUDES_SPECIAL` in the
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documentation for [`~/.gitolite.rc`][rc].
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When used as a reponame, it includes all repos.
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When used as a reponame, it includes all repos physically present in
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`~/repositories` (or whatever is the value of `$REPO_BASE`).
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### F=rpr_ side note: "R" permissions for refs
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@ -358,7 +399,7 @@ had core.logAllRefUpdates set, which is *not* a default setting).
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However, there seem to be cases where it is useful to distinguish these cases.
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Arguments can be made on all sides if you're dealing with new users, so
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gitolite supports that.
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gitolite now supports that (in a backward compatible way).
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We'll look at the delete/rewind case in detail first:
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@ -24,57 +24,47 @@ manage the server by cloning the special 'gitolite-admin' repo on your
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workstation (`git clone git@server:gitolite-admin`), making changes, and
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pushing them. Here's how to [add users and repos][add].
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## #rtfm what should you read?
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## #rtfm what to read...
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The complete online documentation for gitolite is
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[here](http://sitaramc.github.com/gitolite). There's a lot of it, so here're
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some reading suggestions.
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If you're a **user** (i.e., not a gitolite admin), you only need [this][user].
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Otherwise, the suggested reading order is this:
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* **quick intro**: this document, or at least the "[what is
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gitolite][gl_what]" section just below this one.
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* **installation**: if the [quick install][qi] above did not work for you,
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then read the [INSTALL][install] document. The "[trouble][insttrouble]"
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section in it may be useful too.
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* **basic** administration tasks: [adding users and repos][add].
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When you have to use more features, look in the master table of contents
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(there's a link to it at the top of *every* document), and use your browser's
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search function to search for stuff.
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### F=other_docs what do the other docs contain
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The master TOC (see link above) is really the only *comprehensive* list of
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what is there, but here's an attempt to give you an overview!
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Gitolite comes with a *lot* of documentation. The master TOC (see link above)
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is the *only* comprehensive list of what is there, but here's an overview.
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* understanding gitolite
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* [what is gitolite][gl_what], and the rest of this document
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* gitolite install and basic admin in [pictures][]
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* gitolite.conf by [example][conf_examples]
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* gitolite and [ssh][gl_ssh]
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* explaining gitolite to your *users*
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* the [user][] document is all they need
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* install and setup
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* the "[install trouble?][insttrouble]" section, which links, among
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other things, to arguably the most useful doc for a newbie: [ssh
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troubleshooting][sts]!
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* maybe even the complete [install][] document
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* normal admin tasks done on the server
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* [admin][]: adding your own hooks, adding existing repos into gitolite, etc.
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* [rc][]: setting gitolite behaviour options (warning: some of the
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* [adding users and repos][add]
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* [admin][]: add your own hooks, add existing repos into gitolite, etc.
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* [rc][]: sett gitolite behaviour options (warning: some of the
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variables have a security impact if you're careless)
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* normal admin tasks done by changing [gitolite.conf][conf]
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* basic access control
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* advanced access control
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* extras: personal branches, gitweb/git-daemon access, git config settings
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* [gitolite.conf by example][conf_examples] may also help
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* advanced use (experts only; you can shoot yourself in the foot nicely!)
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* [ADCs][]: allowing users to run specific shell commands (but not give them a shell)
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* [ADCs][]: allow users to run specific shell commands (but not give them a shell)
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* (also, [sample ADCs][shipped_ADCs] that come with gitolite)
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* letting [users create][wild] their own repos and assign permissions
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* [delegating][deleg] admin rights
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* [mirroring][]
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* let [users create][wild] their own repos and assign permissions
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* [delegate][deleg] admin rights
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* [mirror][mirroring] your servers
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* special installation scenarios:
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* using smart-[http][] instead of ssh
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* [migrating][migr] from gitolite
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* use smart-[http][] instead of ssh
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* [migrate][migr] from gitosis
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Finally, [tips][] has a lot of useful information.
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123
doc/install.mkd
123
doc/install.mkd
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@ -150,13 +150,13 @@ On your *workstation*:
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### #upgrade upgrading
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Upgrading is easy; you just re-run some of the same commands used for install.
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These commands are clearly noted in the install instructions below.
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These commands are clearly noted in the install instructions above.
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However, if you've added any new hooks, you must also run the next step (the
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`gl-setup` command), although this time you don't need to supply a pubkey
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filename as an argument.
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## #insttrouble if you run into trouble...
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## #insttrouble install trouble?
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If you run into trouble, please read the following sections.
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@ -248,10 +248,10 @@ don't know ssh it'll be a nightmare to support you.
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* any Unix system with a posix compatible "sh".
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* people using "csh" or derivatives please don't ask me for help -- tell
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your admin csh is not posix compatible
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* git version 1.6.6 or greater
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* git version 1.6.6 or later
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* can be in a non-PATH location if you are unable to install it
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normally; see the `$GIT_PATH` variable in the "rc" file
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* perl (but since git requires it anyway, you probably have it)
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* perl 5.8 or later
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* openssh or any ssh that can understand the `authorized_keys` file format
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(probably optional if you're using the http backend)
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* a Unix userid to be the hosting user, usually "git" but it can be any
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@ -332,74 +332,81 @@ Good luck.
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### #clean appendix b: cleaning out a botched install
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When people have trouble installing gitolite, they often try to change a bunch
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of things manually on the server. This usually makes things worse ;-) so
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here's how to clean the slate.
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of things manually on the server. Or sometimes they'll upgrade from one
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install method to another without checking some things over properly. Or
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they'll follow instructions meant for a much newer version of gitolite and
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make a royal mess of the whole thing.
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Here's how to clean up, without losing your actual repositories.
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All this is on the server. Note that the instructions are so long because
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they're generic enough to fit any situation.
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* Clean out the existing install
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* client-side
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* edit `~/.ssh/config` and delete the paragraph starting with `host
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gitolite`, if present.
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* remove `~/gitolite-admin`
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* server-side
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* edit `~/.ssh/authorized_keys` and delete all lines between `# gitolite
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start` and `# gitolite end` inclusive.
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* remove `~/.gitolite`, `~/.gitolite.rc` and
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`~/repositories/gitolite-admin.git`
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* depending on which install method you used, you may also need to clean
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out all gitolite files from `/usr/local/bin` or `$HOME/bin`, and then
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delete `/var/gitolite/conf` and `/var/gitolite/hooks` or
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`$HOME/share/gitolite/conf` and `$HOME/share/gitolite/hooks`
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### F=uninstall_ appendix c: uninstalling gitolite completely
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* look in `~/.gitolite.rc` for 2 variables starting with `GL_PACKAGE_`.
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If they are defined (and not just commented out), you need to clean
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out all gitolite related files and directories from those two paths.
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(There's some duplication between this and the previous section).
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Just for reference, the defaults for a non-root install are 'conf' and
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'hooks' in `$HOME/share/gitolite`, while for an RPM/DEB or root
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install they should be in `/var/gitolite/` or some such.
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Uninstalling gitolite is fairly easy, although it is manual. (We'll assume
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`$REPO_BASE` in the rc file was left at its default of `~/repositories`; if
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not, adjust accordingly):
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If those variables don't exist or are commented out, ignore this step.
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**server side tasks**
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* look in `$PATH` for any gitolite programs and delete them also. A
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good way to hunt them down is `which gl-auth-command`, and in the path
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you find, delete all "gl-*" programs (perhaps after checking the list,
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if the path you find happens to be /usr/bin or such!!)
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* edit `~/.ssh/authorized_keys` and delete the `# gitolite start` and `#
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gitolite end` markers and all the lines between them. This will prevent
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any of your users from attempting a push while you are doing this.
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Repeat this step until there are no more. I know of people who mixed
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different install methods and had two, or even three, versions lying
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around.
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If you are the only user, and/or *need* one or more of those keys to
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continue to access this account (like if one of them is your laptop or
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your home desktop etc.) then instead of deleting the line you can just
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delete everything upto but not including the words "ssh-rsa" or "ssh-dss".
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* make some temp directory (say "old"), and **move** the following
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files/directories into it: `~/.gitolite`, `~/.gitolite.rc` and
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`~/repositories/gitolite-admin.git`. If there's nothing you need to
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salvage from them you can delete them too.
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* Now remove (or move aside or rename to something else if you're paranoid)
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the following files and directories.
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* if you used an RPM/DEB install, remove the package also.
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~/.gitolite
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~/.gitolite.rc
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~/repositories/gitolite-admin.git
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* Now install a fresh copy of gitolite using whatever method you prefer.
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(If you used a different method earlier and did not clean things out
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properly per the instructions given above, expect trouble).
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* You can remove all of `~/repositories` if you have not really started
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using gitolite properly yet; that's your choice.
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* You now have a brand new "rc" file. If your old rc file had any
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non-default settings you should **manually** pull them in to the new one.
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However, **do NOT** change the two variables starting with `GL_PACKAGE_`
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in the new rc file; even if the old one had something different leave them
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alone.
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If you *do* need to preserve the other repos and continue to use them,
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remove all the `update` hooks that git installs on each repository. The
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easiest way is:
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* You also have a brand new gitolite-admin repo. Clone this to your
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workstation, then use the saved copy of the old admin repo to salvage
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whatever you need (entire revision history, or just the conf/key files,
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whatever floats your boat).
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Once you've got your admin repo looking how you want it, including 'repo'
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statements for all your existing repos, just add/commit/push it.
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* Go back to the server and run `gl-setup` once again (no arguments needed).
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That should do it.
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### #uninstall_ appendix c: uninstalling gitolite completely
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To uninstall gitolite completely, first follow the "clean out..." steps in the
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previous section.
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If you have not really started using gitolite properly yet, you can remove all
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of `~/repositories` also and be done.
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But if you *do* need to preserve the other repos and wish to continue to use
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them, remove all the `update` hooks that gitolite installs in each repository.
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The easiest way is:
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find ~/repositories -wholename "*.git/hooks/update" | xargs rm -f
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but you can do it manually if you want to be careful.
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**client side tasks**
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* Any remote users that still have access must update their clone's remote
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URLs (edit `.git/config` in the repo) to prefix `repositories/` before the
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actual path used, in order for the remote to still work. This is because
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you'll now be accessing it through plain ssh, which means you have to give
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it the full path.
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* Finally, you as the gitolite admin *nay* have a host stanza for "gitolite"
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in your *client*'s `~/.ssh/config`. Find and delete lines that look like
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this:
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host gitolite
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user git
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hostname your.server
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port 22
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identityfile ~/.ssh/your-gitolite-admin-username
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|
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@ -94,15 +94,15 @@ you there again. Especially the first bullet.
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Done? OK, read on...
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The following problem(s) indicate that pubkey access is not working at all, so
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you should start with appendix 1. If that doesn't fix the problem, continue
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you should start with [appendix 1][stsapp1_]. If that doesn't fix the problem, continue
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with the other appendices in sequence.
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* running any git clone/fetch/ls-remote or just `ssh git@server info` asks
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you for a password.
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The following problem(s) indicate that your pubkey is bypassing gitolite and
|
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going straight to a shell. You should start with appendix 2 and continue with
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the rest in sequence. Appendix 5 has some background info.
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going straight to a shell. You should start with [appendix 2][stsapp2_] and continue with
|
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the rest in sequence. [Appendix 5][stsapp5_] has some background info.
|
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|
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* running `ssh git@server info` gets you the output of the GNU 'info'
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command instead of gitolite's version and access info.
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|
|
@ -136,16 +136,16 @@ Done? OK, now the general outline for ssh troubleshooting is this:
|
|||
* make sure the server's overall setup even *allows* pubkey based login.
|
||||
I.e., check that git fetch/clone/ls-remote commands or a plain `ssh
|
||||
git@server info` do NOT ask for a password. If you do get asked for a
|
||||
password, see appendix 1.
|
||||
password, see [appendix 1][stsapp1_].
|
||||
|
||||
* match client-side pubkeys (`~/.ssh/*.pub`) with the server's authkeys
|
||||
file. To do this, run `sshkeys-lint`, which tells you in detail what key
|
||||
has what access. See appendix 2.
|
||||
has what access. See [appendix 2][stsapp2_].
|
||||
|
||||
* at this point, we know that we have the right key, and that if sshd
|
||||
receives that key, things will work. But we're not done yet. We still
|
||||
need to make sure that this specific key is being offered/sent by the
|
||||
client, instead of the default key. See appendix 3 and 4.
|
||||
client, instead of the default key. See [appendix 3][stsapp3_] and [appendix 4][sshhostaliases].
|
||||
|
||||
## random tips, tricks, and notes
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ putty/plink, including environment variables, etc., and then try again.
|
|||
|
||||
Thankfully, someone contributed [contrib/putty.mkd][contrib_putty].
|
||||
|
||||
## appendix 1: ssh daemon asks for a password
|
||||
## #stsapp1_ appendix 1: ssh daemon asks for a password
|
||||
|
||||
> **NOTE**: This section should be useful to anyone trying to get
|
||||
> password-less access working. It is not necessarily specific to gitolite,
|
||||
|
|
@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ This is a quick checklist:
|
|||
this file for messages matching the approximate time of your last attempt
|
||||
to login, to see if they tell you what is the problem.
|
||||
|
||||
## appendix 2: which key is which -- running sshkeys-lint
|
||||
## #stsapp2_ appendix 2: which key is which -- running sshkeys-lint
|
||||
|
||||
Follow these steps on the client:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ as YourName.pub, then run `gl-setup YourName.pub` on the server. Remember to
|
|||
adjust your agent identities using ssh-add -D and ssh-add if you're using
|
||||
ssh-agent, otherwise these new keys may not work.
|
||||
|
||||
## appendix 3: ssh client may not be offering the right key
|
||||
## #stsapp3_ appendix 3: ssh client may not be offering the right key
|
||||
|
||||
* make sure the right private key is being offered. Run ssh in very
|
||||
verbose mode and look for the word "Offering", like so:
|
||||
|
|
@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ ssh-agent, otherwise these new keys may not work.
|
|||
|
||||
If some keys *are* being offered, but not the key that was supposed to be
|
||||
used, you may be using ssh-agent (next bullet). You may also need to
|
||||
create some host aliases in `~/.ssh/config` (appendix 4).
|
||||
create some host aliases in `~/.ssh/config` ([appendix 4][sshhostaliases]).
|
||||
|
||||
* (ssh-agent issues) If `ssh-add -l` responds with either "The agent has no
|
||||
identities." or "Could not open a connection to your authentication
|
||||
|
|
@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ way to do this, as far as I know.
|
|||
|
||||
[tut]: http://sites.google.com/site/senawario/home/gitolite-tutorial
|
||||
|
||||
## appendix 5: why bypassing gitolite causes a problem
|
||||
## #stsapp5_ appendix 5: why bypassing gitolite causes a problem
|
||||
|
||||
When you bypass gitolite, you end up running your normal shell instead of the
|
||||
special gitolite entry point script `gl-auth-command`.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -8,14 +8,17 @@ issues. I often don't bother responding for silly issues that are already in
|
|||
the docs. Seriously, folks, troubleshooting involves reading; do I really
|
||||
need to *say* that?
|
||||
|
||||
* For install/setup issues see the [if you run into trouble][insttrouble]
|
||||
section of the [install][] document.
|
||||
* Lost your admin key? Try [gl-admin-push][adminpush].
|
||||
|
||||
In particular, that section has two links for ssh issues. I've yet to see
|
||||
a problem that is not already covered by those.
|
||||
* For install/setup issues see the [install trouble?][insttrouble] section
|
||||
of the [install][] document.
|
||||
|
||||
* For usage issues after install, check out the [suggested reading
|
||||
list][rtfm] and the [other docs][other_docs] section.
|
||||
In particular, that section has two links for ssh issues. **I've yet to
|
||||
see an ssh problem that is not already covered by those** (but please tell
|
||||
me if you find one!)
|
||||
|
||||
* The [suggested reading list][rtfm] section is a quick overview of the
|
||||
documentation.
|
||||
|
||||
* If you still can't find what you need, try the [**master index/table of
|
||||
contents**](http://sitaramc.github.com/gitolite/master-toc.html) and use
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -259,8 +259,12 @@ will work for all the repos managed by gitolite, **except** for the special
|
|||
is also a `post-update` hook that runs here, and this needs additional
|
||||
information which is NOT available if you bypass gitolite.
|
||||
|
||||
Use the `gl-admin-push` program to make changes to the admin repo directly on
|
||||
the server. Here's how:
|
||||
(Note: If your gitolite is too old to have the `gl-admin-push` program, try
|
||||
`gl-dont-panic`; run it without arguments for usage info. If you don't even
|
||||
have that, it may be best to [clean][] things out more thoroughly!)
|
||||
|
||||
Use the `gl-admin-push` program to make changes to the admin repo *directly on
|
||||
the server*. Here's how:
|
||||
|
||||
* clone the repo to some safe location and cd to it:
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -274,9 +278,7 @@ the server. Here's how:
|
|||
fix up some config problem that may have lost you your access.
|
||||
|
||||
* when done, instead of `git push <push arguments>`, use this program
|
||||
instead, like so:
|
||||
|
||||
gl-admin-push <push arguments>
|
||||
instead. For example, instead of `git push -f`, use `gl-admin-push -f`.
|
||||
|
||||
Note that this method will work for *any* repo, not just the special admin
|
||||
repo.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue